Hyperdynamic syndrome, or attention deficit disorder, is one of the manifestations of minimal brain dysfunction and is now diagnosed in many children. This is due to a slight damage to the brain of an organic nature, which manifests itself in increased excitability and emotional lability, some disturbances in speech and movements, difficulty in behavior, etc. Typically, such a disorder manifests itself in the first five years of a child's life. This is due to a dysfunction of the central nervous system, which occurs under the influence of many negative factors.
Description and description of the problem
Hyperdynamic syndrome is a violation of development and behavior, manifested in hyperactivity, impaired attention. Such disorders are first detected before the age of five. This is due to a violation of the functionality of the central nervous system as a result of the influence of negative factors during pregnancy of the mother, labor, or in the first three years of the child's life. The hyperdynamic syndrome code according to ICD-10 has F90 (F90.9).
In neurology, this pathology is usually considered as a chronic syndrome, which is incurable. According to statistics, only 30% of children can "outgrow" the disease or adapt to it as they grow older.
Hyperdynamic syndrome in children can manifest itself in the form of the following deviations:
- anxiety, deviant behavior;
- learning difficulties;
- speech disorders;
- autism;
- disorder of thinking and behavior;
- Gilles de la Tourette’s disease.
This pathology is caused by minor damage to the brain. After the injury, healthy cells take on the functions of the dead. The nervous system begins to work with an increased load, since the process of restoration of the nervous tissue and the course of age-related development requires energy. In this syndrome, cells that are involved in the process of inhibition are damaged, therefore, excitation begins to prevail, which is manifested in a violation of concentration, regulation of activity.
Epidemiology
Hyperdynamic syndrome in children is diagnosed in 2.4% of cases worldwide. Usually, the pathology manifests itself at the age of three to seven years. Most often, the disease is present in boys, it is usually inherited. Often, pathology is diagnosed in children with disabilities.
By the age of 15, hyperactivity subsides a little, the condition of the child improves. His self-control improves, his behavior becomes regulated. But in 6% of cases, the development of deviant behavior is observed: alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.
Causes of the syndrome
The exact causes of the development of a disease such as hyperdynamic syndrome (ICD-10: F90) have not been identified. Doctors believe that the factors that provoke the development of the disease are:
- damage to the central nervous system of the child during fetal development due to diseases that developed in the mother, as well as the presence of infections, gestosis;
- CNS abnormalities as a result of the presence of bad habits and frequent stresses in the mother during the period of gestation;
- fetal hypoxia;
- mechanical trauma during labor;
- malnutrition, infections in the first few years of a child’s life, diabetes, kidney pathology;
- adverse environmental conditions;
- incompatibility of the Rh factors of the child and mother;
- risk of miscarriage, premature or prolonged labor.
How is this pathology manifested?
The syndrome can occur with different intensities. Usually it is manifested by such signs:
- An increase in excitability, therefore, motility in hyperdynamic syndrome develops quite early.
- Trouble concentrating.
- Neurological disorders.
- Speech disorder.
- Learning difficulties.
A child with this pathology is overly active. Such activity is sometimes observed from the first days of a child's life. In children, sleep may be impaired, concentration is impaired. His attention is easy enough to attract, but to keep is not possible.
Children with hyperdynamic syndrome early enough begin to hold their heads and roll over on their stomachs, as well as walk. They understand speech, but often they themselves cannot express their thoughts, since their speech is impaired, and the memory of such children does not suffer.
Hyperactive children are usually non-aggressive, they can not be offended for a long time. But in a fight they are hard to stop, they become uncontrollable. All the feelings of such children are shallow; they cannot fully appreciate the feelings and condition of other people.
Children with such a pathology are usually sociable, they easily come into contact, but it is difficult for them to make friends.
Often with hyperdynamic syndrome in children, the causes and treatment of which are considered by doctors in each particular case, parents do not need to shame and scold them, as they are in constant stress. It is important for such a child to find his place among people, then the manifestations of pathology will begin to decrease.
Also, children with this syndrome may manifest some side symptoms.
- Enuresis.
- Pain in the head.
- Stuttering.
- Nerve tics.
- Hyperkinesis
- Skin rashes that are not related to allergic reactions.
- VVD, astheno-hyperdynamic syndrome.
- Bronchospasm.
Pathology diagnostics
It is necessary to study hyperdynamic syndrome in various age categories. Diagnosis is carried out by a pediatrician, psychiatrist or neurologist who specializes in such phenomena.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of the results of the study of the clinical picture and psychosocial assessment. The patient's behavior and manifestation of symptoms, as well as his mental state are considered in his daily life. Then, the needs of the person are studied, the degree of behavioral disorders.
The doctor should examine the patient’s history, paying attention to the presence or absence of such diagnoses as encephalopathy, intracranial hypertension, or MMD. If one of these diagnoses exists, then the risk of a patient having hyperdynamic syndrome increases to 90%.
Also, the doctor should study such points:
- motor activity;
- concentration of attention;
- sleep disturbance;
- speech disorders;
- inability to adapt to the conditions of a kindergarten or school;
- increase in injuries;
- slurred speech;
- the presence of motor stereotypes;
- enuresis;
- increased sociability
- weather sensitivity;
- nervous breakdown under stress.
If a child has five or more points, this may indicate the presence of pathology. The following conditions must be met:
- Several symptoms are observed before the age of twelve.
- Symptoms occur with the same frequency in different situations and conditions.
- Symptoms reduce the quality of activity.
- The patient has no mental and personality disorders.
In addition, the doctor should exclude the presence of thyroid pathologies, depression, the use of psychotropic substances, steroids, anticonvulsants, caffeine.
Often, the doctor prescribes cardiac echocardiography for hyperdynamic syndrome. After all, it happens that the patient has fluctuations in blood pressure due to illness. When there is hyperdynamic syndrome, the heart can work in an enhanced mode.
Diagnosis with MOHO
Often, for the diagnosis of pathology in children and adults, a computer test of MOXO is used. This technique has two versions: children's and adult. Its essence lies in completing tasks that have eight difficulty levels. Various stimuli appear on the screen, to which the patient must respond appropriately: either press the spacebar or do nothing. The irritants on the monitor are almost the same as in real life, so the test accuracy is 90%. This technique makes it possible to study the patient's concentration of attention, impulsiveness, coordination of actions, and hyperactivity.
Therapy
Treatment of hyperdynamic syndrome in children should be comprehensive, combining several methods that are developed in each case. First, a doctor prescribes:
- Pedagogical correction.
- Psychotherapy.
- Behavioral Therapy.
- Neuropsychological correction.
If the above methods do not bring the proper result, medication is prescribed. In each individual case, the doctor prescribes the appropriate drugs.
Medication for hyperdynamic syndrome
Most often, the doctor prescribes psychostimulants. They are taken several times a day. Previously, in medicine, Pemoline was used to treat such a pathology, but this drug turned out to be hepatotoxic, so it was no longer prescribed.
Doctors often prescribe norepinephrine reuptake blockers and sympathomimetics, such as Atomoxetine. Antidepressants in combination with Clonidine, which reduces the risk of side effects, have also proven effective in therapy.
Psychostimulants are prescribed for children in the minimum dosage, as they can be addictive.
In the CIS, nootropic drugs are often used in the treatment of hyperactivity, which improve the activity of the central nervous system, in particular the brain. Doctors also prescribe amino acids that improve metabolism. Often prescribed drugs such as Phenibut, Piracetam, Sonapax and others.
Usually, with the use of drug therapy, the condition of patients improves significantly, distractivity disappears. Poor school performance. With the withdrawal of drugs, the symptoms develop again.
Medication is usually not prescribed for preschool children. In this case, psychological support programs are developed.
Non-drug therapy
There are several methods of treating hyperdynamic syndrome, which can be used both independently and in combination with taking drugs:
- Exercises aimed at correcting concentration.
- Restore blood circulation with massage.
- Behavioral therapy, with the help of which it is possible to form or extinguish certain behavioral patterns by means of encouragement or punishment.
- Family psychotherapy, thanks to which the patient learns to direct his qualities in the right direction, and family members to support and properly educate a hyperactive child.
- BOS therapy using EEG.
Therapy should be comprehensive. The doctor prescribes massage, exercise therapy. These techniques make it possible to normalize blood circulation.
Recommendations to parents
Parents should monitor compliance with all the recommendations and prescriptions of the doctor. The child must observe the daily routine. It is recommended to avoid crowded places in order to maintain emotional balance in a hypreactive child. Parents should praise their children, thereby emphasizing his successes and achievements. This helps to strengthen the child’s self-confidence. It is also important not to burden children.
The above measures with timely diagnosis make it possible to reduce the manifestation of the symptoms of hyperactivity, as well as help the child realize himself in life.
Organization of the activity of a hyperactive child
It is not recommended to send a child up to six years old to those groups where children should sit at their desks and perform tasks that require perseverance and increased attention. A hyperactive child should engage in groups where classes are conducted in a playful way. In this case, children are allowed to move around the classroom at will.
If the hyperdynamic syndrome is very pronounced, it is recommended not to give the child to any group. In this case, you can practice at home. In this case, classes should take no more than ten minutes. The child must first learn to focus for two minutes, then the exercises are repeated every hour. Over time, the child's concentration of attention will increase.
Parents must plan their activities in advance with their children. A dynamic child will better absorb information in movement, so you need to allow him to run and crawl. But over time, he must get used to the regime. Classes are held at the same time several times a week. It must be remembered that such children have so-called bad days when any activity will not bring any benefit.
Child nutrition
Much depends on nutrition. Sometimes an unhealthy diet can make the problem worse. Do not give your child foods that contain dyes and preservatives. The greatest danger is erythrosine and tartracin - food colors (red and orange, respectively). They are present in store juices, sauces and sparkling waters. You can not offer children food from fast food.
The nutrition of a hypreactive child should include the consumption of a large number of vegetables and fruits, a small percentage of carbohydrates. It is also important that with the products the child receives all the necessary vitamins and nutrients that are important for the normal functioning of the central nervous system.
Conclusion
Hyperdynamic syndrome occurs in 2.4% of cases worldwide. Mostly pathology is diagnosed in boys. In the CIS countries today, about 90% of children with this abnormal state of health are left without treatment, since they do not receive proper support at school and in the family. That is why the problem of hyperactivity is relevant in modern times. It is necessary to develop new methods and approaches in therapy for such children.
Usually we observe situations in which hyperactive children just annoy everyone. There are few people who think about the real reasons for this behavior. They believe that these are ordinary children who are simply poorly raised. This is the problem of many preschool and school institutions, where an approach to children with such deviations has not been developed. All this requires a more detailed study and the creation of behavioral correction techniques.
In addition, behavioral and family psychotherapy are not sufficiently developed today, and therefore it is used very rarely, which makes the problem of hyperactive children practically unsolvable. And yet, with the right integrated approach, it is possible to reduce the manifestation of pathology in children by 60%.