An acute or chronic kidney disease that occurs as a result of a negative effect on the kidney of certain factors leading to inflammation of one of its structures is called pyelonephritis. It can be one-sided or two-sided. It causes pathogenic microflora. The disease proceeds equally in both men and women. About how kidney pyelonephritis is treated, in detail in this article.
Principles for the appointment of antibiotic therapy
The basis for the treatment of this pathology are antibiotics. The most important thing is to identify the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to the medication. For this purpose, bacterial sowing is performed. One of the main drawbacks of this analysis is the length of the wait. If the patient's symptoms are pronounced, then the doctor, before the result is ready, prescribes treatment taking into account:
- the age of the individual;
- degree of impaired renal function;
- clinical picture;
- the likely location of the original source of infection;
- urine and blood test results;
- the presence of concomitant pathologies;
- special conditions - the period of natural feeding or pregnancy. A newborn or premature baby.
If there is no effect for three days, the therapy is adjusted using an antibiotic of a different group.
The mechanism of action of antibacterial agents
Quite often, patients ask about how to treat kidney pyelonephritis? Medicines by the type of effect on microorganisms are divided into:
- Bacteriostatic - stop the growth of pathogenic bacilli. At this time, the body activates the defenses of the immune system to cope with the infection faster.
- Bactericidal - directly kill bacteria.
Medicines enter the kidneys after passing through the renal filter or with a blood stream. Regardless of the pathway, the active substance reaches the site of inflammation. In some cases, excessive death of microorganisms provokes the ingestion of a huge amount of toxic substances into the bloodstream, which increases fever. Antibiotics are not able to recognize pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Therefore, for prophylactic purposes, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are added to therapy. In the absence of effect, the medication is stopped, and the doctor selects a different medication. The reason is the lack of sensitivity of the bacteria to the selected drug or the occurrence of purulent complications. Antibacterial therapy is the path to recovery, since the drugs of this group quickly destroy the pathogen. Next, we consider in more detail what antibiotics treat kidney pyelonephritis.
Penicillins
Medicines of this group have been used for many decades: Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin, Oxacillin and others. It is for this reason that most of the bacteria have developed resistance to them. In other words, microorganisms have learned to synthesize a substance that destroys penicillin antibiotics. Therefore, the pharmaceutical industry produces penicillins in combination with various chemical compounds (tazobactam, clavulanic acid, sulbactam), which create an obstacle and do not allow bacilli to act on them. Among them: Flemoklav, Piperacillin + Tazobactam, Amoxiclav. Such unique combinations effectively fight the following pathogens of pyelonephritis:
- hemophilic bacillus;
- streptococci;
- neysseries;
- enterococci;
- listeria;
- staphylococci.
How to treat kidney pyelonephritis with pills in pregnant and lactating women and what to look for? Penicillin antibiotics are widely used in both future and nursing mothers. However, before using them, it is necessary to transfer the baby to artificial feeding, since the drug, penetrating the body of the baby with breast milk, provokes the appearance of loose stools, rashes and skin itching.
If renal function is impaired by the removal of toxins from the body, then a single dose is reduced. Undesirable reactions in the form of a rash quite often develop on the penicillin series, which the doctor must take into account when they are prescribed. Take solid dosage forms an hour after eating and drink plenty of water.
Fluoroquinolones
What drugs to treat kidney pyelonephritis from this group? Fluoroquinolones have a direct effect on the causative agent of the disease and are successfully used. Among them:
- Moxifloxacin;
- Levofloxacin;
- "Sparfloxacin";
- Norfloxacin;
- "Ciprofloxacin";
- Ofloxacin.
The antibiotics listed above affect bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. Fluoroquinolones not shown:
- Women who are expecting the appearance of a baby, since there is a high risk of joint pathologies in the baby.
- During the period of natural feeding - there is a danger of developing anemia in the crumbs.
- Kids of all ages - because of the threat of joint damage.
Of the adverse reactions, nausea, heartburn, loose stools, allergic rashes, accompanied by itching, are most often noted.
Cephalosporins
How is kidney pyelonephritis treated? Antibiotics of this group are often recommended for the treatment of illness in both children and adults. Their mechanism of action is similar to penicillins. The most famous representatives of the cephalosporin series:
- “Cefepime”;
- Cefotaxime;
- "Cephalexin";
- "Cefazolin";
- Ceftriaxone;
- "Cefuroxime";
- "Cefaperazone".
These antibiotics act on listeria, streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, hemophilic bacillus, that is, on the culprits of the disease. They are allowed to use in case of impaired renal function, as well as pregnant women. Breastfeeding during therapy is not recommended. Side effects are similar to other groups of antibacterial agents.
Aminoglycosides
This group of drugs is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, and in rare cases it is used to treat pyelonephritis. This is due to the fact that aminoglycosides adversely affect the kidneys. The active substance, acting on bacteria, for example, Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, leads to their death. The most famous are Gentamicin, Amikacin, Streptomycin.
Among the adverse reactions most often occurs:
- hearing loss;
- lack of coordination;
- ringing and tinnitus;
- dizziness;
- general weakness;
- drowsiness;
- rash and itching.
Carbapenems
What antibiotics to treat kidney pyelonephritis in adults, except for the above? There is a modern group of antibiotics - carbapenems, the medicines included in it are endowed with a powerful antibacterial effect. By acting on the pathogen, the active substance violates its outer shell and thereby leads to death. With a pronounced clinical picture of pyelonephritis, these agents are prescribed immediately. Carbapenems actively destroy staphylococci, intestinal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and hemophilic bacillus, pneumococci, streptococci, Klebsiella, enterobacteria. The most popular of this line of antibacterial agents are:
It is forbidden to take these medications for diseases of the nervous system, which are accompanied by a risk of muscle cramps, as well as during natural feeding. For babies from three months, taking is not contraindicated. The doctor adjusts the dose in case of kidney failure.
Adverse events - muscle cramps, dizziness, itching, rash, nausea, loose stools, increased saliva.
Quinolone derivatives
How to treat kidney pyelonephritis? The medicine "Nevigramon" or "Negram" contains the active component - nalidixic acid, which has a pronounced antibacterial activity. The main indication for use is the studied ailment. It acts both bactericidal and bacteriostatic - it depends on the concentration of the drug and the sensitivity of the microorganism. Acid is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and excreted through the kidneys. It is able to penetrate the placenta. In addition, small amounts pass into breast milk. Side effects are associated with a negative effect on:
- central nervous, digestive system;
- organs of vision;
- dermis.
This drug is recommended to continue treatment after completing a course of antibiotic therapy.
Derivatives of hydroxyquinoline
How to treat pyelonephritis? Kidney disease can be treated with the Nitroxoline antimicrobial agent. The medication has an effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, in addition, it is active against certain types of fungi. It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys, the concentration in urine is quite high. It is not recommended to take it in case of kidney failure, which is accompanied by anuria or oligonuria, up to three years, during lactation and in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Most often, when taking the drug, as an undesirable reaction, nausea occurs, loss of appetite. Allergic manifestations are rare.
Sulfonamides
Many pathogens have acquired resistance to this class of antibacterial agents. Active substances, acting on metabolic processes, reduce the multiplication of microorganisms. The main representative of sulfonamides is Co-trimoxazole. Streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, hemophilic and E. coli are subject to it.
Admission of antibacterial agents of this group to lactating and pregnant women is undesirable, since there is a high risk of jaundice in the crumbs. If pyelonephritis occurs against a background of renal failure, then taking these medications is prohibited.
Among the adverse reactions, there are violations in the digestive tract and blood formation system. In addition, allergic rashes, headache, depression and lethargy are possible.
Nitrofuran derivatives
How is kidney pyelonephritis treated in the second stage of therapy, that is, after the elimination of the bulk of the pathogenic flora? Nitrofurans in clinical efficacy are slightly inferior to most antibiotics. The mechanism of their action is as follows, they lead to the failure of cellular respiration of microorganisms, and also inhibit the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. Depending on the concentration, they can have both bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. Well absorbed and quickly excreted. The most famous representatives of this group:
- "Furazolidone";
- "Furagin";
- Furadonin;
- "Furazidine."
Take medication after meals with plenty of water. During the entire course of treatment, one should strictly adhere to the doctor's recommendations. Some drugs stain urine in a brownish or rusty yellow color. The most common adverse events are observed from the gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, and nervous system.
Therapy of acute and chronic inflammation. Features
How to treat acute kidney pyelonephritis? Therapy is carried out in a hospital where constant monitoring of blood and urine parameters is carried out, as well as the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics is detected. If there are no serious complications, then doctors recommend antibacterial medications, the course of treatment of which is from two to three weeks. In addition, detoxification therapy and physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated.
How to treat chronic kidney pyelonephritis? The tactics of therapy depend on the nature and severity of the disease, but in any case, the treatment is complex. Chronic inflammation of the kidneys accompanies the individual throughout life, alternating with remission and relapse. Antibiotics are indicated for the relief of an acute condition; their administration is long and lasts approximately six weeks. In addition, the doctor during this period recommends immunomodulators and vitamin complexes.
How to treat chronic kidney pyelonephritis with herbal medicine? Various drugs from medicinal plant materials, in addition to traditional medicine, are used as maintenance therapy. Their use is allowed only after consultation with the treating doctor.
Kidney treatment in adults and children
According to medical statistics, this pathology affects the female sex five times more often than the opposite. In addition, representatives of reproductive age and leading an active sex life are more prone to this ailment. How to treat kidney pyelonephritis in women? The doctor recommends shock doses of antibiotics. If the disease overtakes while the baby is waiting, then active therapy is not carried out at this time. Most often, a woman is hospitalized, and the duration of treatment depends on the duration. In the later ones, the future mother is left for preservation. In the first trimester, doctors select a treatment that excludes the use of medicines dangerous to the fetus. Usually, therapy is started with a group of penicillins, and the choice falls on Amoxicillin. The doctor determines the dose and course dose individually. Refusal of therapy is dangerous for both the expectant mother and the fetus - the risk of developing pathologies is high.
Men are more likely to get sick at an older age. How to treat kidney pyelonephritis in men? Leading tactics are selected individually. Among antibiotics, drugs with an extended spectrum of action are chosen - cephalosporins, penicillins, macrolides. In order to prevent relapse, course treatment with herbal remedies with a diuretic and uroseptic effect, antioxidants and vitamins is indicated. In exceptional cases, surgery is recommended.
How to treat kidney pyelonephritis in children? When the first signs of the disease appear, hospitalization is required for a period of seven to fourteen days, since constant monitoring of blood and urine parameters is necessary. When treating on an outpatient basis, there is a high risk of developing a chronic form of the disease. For therapy, antibacterial drugs are used that are approved for a specific age category of small patients.
Below, we consider what medications to treat kidney pyelonephritis, regardless of age and gender:
- Antibiotics of different pharmacological groups.
- Sulfonamides.
- Derivatives of nitrofurans, hydroxyquinoline and quinolone.
- Diuretics - only in the chronic form of the disease in order to remove excess water from the body of the individual.
- Immunomodulators - to prevent exacerbations of chronic pyelonephritis.
- Multivitamins - to enhance immunity.
- NSAIDs - relieving pain and inflammation.
- Vasodilators - to improve renal blood flow.
But it is important to remember that the doctor prescribes medicines.
How to treat kidney pyelonephritis at home?
Alternative medicine can help both in the treatment of a chronic form and in the prevention of pyelonephritis. For a certain category of patients, for example, who have an individual intolerance to antibiotics, children, pregnant women, taking potions from herbs is considered the most appropriate. Consider in which cases phytotherapy of this ailment is possible:
- Diagnosed based on laboratory and instrumental examination.
- The use of alternative methods of treatment is agreed with the attending doctor. Schemes and doses are selected.
- At the time of using alternative medicine methods, there is no acute stage of the disease.
- A chronic course of pyelonephritis is observed. In this case, various drugs will help to avoid exacerbation.
- The individual has no problems with the outflow of urine. This fact should be confirmed by the physician.
How to treat kidney pyelonephritis at home? Healing with folk remedies implies the use of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, general strengthening agents. Their intake supports the immune system and removes signs of general intoxication. During the period of taking drugs, it is advisable to take steamed food, abandon hot spices, minimize the use of protein products, and also drink at least two liters of clean water during the day. In addition, the individual should not have allergic reactions to beekeeping products and plant pollen.
How to treat kidney pyelonephritis with folk remedies that have antibacterial properties?
The following plants are used in the treatment of inflammation:
- Lingonberry - has antibacterial, decongestant, diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Enhances the effect of antibiotics and sulfonamides, which are indicated for pyelonephritis. From this plant, cranberry juice is prepared, which is taken for a week and a half cups every day. For cooking, take five hundred grams of berries and squeeze. The resulting meal is added to a container of water (3 liters) and boiled for five minutes. Next, cool and filter. In the finished broth add the previously obtained juice.
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