Amoxiclav on sale is represented by tablets, dispersible capsules, powder for the preparation of injectable solution, and powder, on the basis of which the suspension is made. Quite often, doctors prescribe 500 mg Amoxiclav tablets. An analog of this drug is a powder for the preparation of a solution with the same dosage of the active ingredient. What is this medicine?
Technical information
The drug is made in tablet form. Each copy is covered with a thin film of white or as close to white as possible. The specimens are oval and convex on both sides. One capsule contains two active ingredients: clavulanic acid, amoxicillin. There are several dosage formats. The most commonly used involves a combination of 500 + 125 mg Amoxiclav in one tablet. A larger volume is reserved for an antibiotic, a smaller one is for acid. There are also options: 250 + 125 mg, 875 + 125 mg.
As additional ingredients, the manufacturer used sodium, silicon, magnesium compounds, cellulose, crospovidone and talc. The shell is made of mellose, cellulose, macrogol, titanium compounds and diethyl phthalate.
Pharmacology
The product belongs to the category of penicillin antibiotics combined with an inhibitory beta-lactamase substance. The product is characterized by wide effectiveness. This is a semi-synthetic drug. The acid included in each capsule gives a stable inactivated enzyme complex, due to which the antimicrobial ingredient gains resistance to beta-lactamase generated by microscopic life forms.
Each Amoxiclav tablet (500 mg + 125 mg) provides the body with two active compounds that have antibacterial effects. The acid, to which a smaller volume is allocated, has comparatively weak antibiotic qualities, however, its structural features are close to beta-lactam agents.
Effect: multifaceted
As can be learned from the instructions, "Amoxiclav" (500 + 125 mg) is an antibiotic with an extensive effect, that is, its effectiveness is expressed against a variety of pathological life forms. You can use the product if bacteria are installed that are terrible penicillin, if microorganisms generate beta-lactamase. Among other reasons for prescribing funds, Gram-positive aerobic varieties of strepto-, entero-, staphylococci are distinguished. Many infections caused by aerobic life forms that are negative in a Gram analysis can be cured by the pharmaceutical product in question. These include bordetella, brucella, campylobacter, hemophilic forms, Helicobacter, Klebsiella, Moraxella, Neisseria, Pasteurella, Proteus. You can use the medication if the disease is caused by Eishcheria, gardnerella, salmonella, shigella, ersinia. A medication is used if anaerobic life forms are detected: bacteroids, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, actinomycetes, Clostridia, Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus.
Is it worth using?
As can be seen from the reviews, Amoxiclav (500 mg) is prescribed quite often. The drug is effective in a wide range of bacteria that are found in medical practice with great frequency. This makes the tool reliable in the fight against infectious invasion. True, you should not appoint him yourself. Many people who used the medicine without medical supervision experienced allergic reactions, side effects, and drug ineffectiveness. There is a chance of developing superinfection, especially high if you use a pharmaceutical product at your discretion. But those who did not risk in vain and used pills only according to the doctor’s punishment, responded about the remedy mostly positively. However, at least some side effects accompanied almost any treatment. This is due to the strength of the antibiotic.
Kinetic features
The experiments showed similar kinetic parameters of the active ingredients of Amoxiclav tablets. Compounds are absorbed shortly after administration. The processes are localized in the digestive tract. The meal does not change the speed of the process. The maximum saturation of blood is achievable on average in an hour. For amoxicillin, it varies from three to 12 units and depends on the dose, about 2 units are made for acid.
Active compounds have a sufficient volume of distribution over tissues, organic fluids, penetrate the respiratory, ear, reproductive systems. Amoxicillin is found in synovial fluid, tonsils of the palate, muscles, bronchial secretions, salivary glands. The substance is found in the cells of the liver, gall bladder, prostate gland. Both active compounds cannot penetrate the BBB if there is no focus of inflammation in the membranes of the brain. Compounds pass through the placenta, are excreted with the secret of the female mammary glands.
Kinetics: nuances
The instructions for Amoxiclav (500 mg) indicate a low level of plasma protein binding characteristic of the active ingredients. Amoxicillin is partially transformed. The second ingredient almost does not undergo such a reaction. Elimination of the antibiotic mainly occurs by secretion of the tubules of the kidneys, filtration of the glomeruli of the organ. Basically, the starting material is eliminated. Acid is excreted in glomeruli. A small percentage is eliminated by the lungs, intestinal tract. The half-life of the ingredients is estimated at an hour and a half.
With a severe form of renal failure, the elimination half-life becomes longer. For the main antibiotic, it reaches 7.5 hours, for acid - 4.5 hours. Removal by dialysis of blood is possible. A small volume is excreted by peritoneal dialysis.
When will it help?
The instructions for Amoxiclav (500 mg) indicate the effectiveness of prescribing a drug for inflammatory diseases, infection, if provoked by microorganisms susceptible to the active substances of the pharmaceutical product. The tool is used if the respiratory tract (different zones), the ENT system are affected. You can use tablets for tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, abscesses, pharyngitis, pulmonary and bronchial inflammation. It is allowed to use the drug in case of infection of the urinary tract, "female" organs, bone system, soft tissues. You can use an antibiotic if someone has bitten. It is recommended to prescribe the drug for infection of connective, bone elements, infection of the pathways of bile. "Amoxiclav" is used in the fight against cholangitis, cholecystitis. The drug is prescribed if odontogenic infection is established.
Rules and Scopes
Instructions for use "Amoxiclav" (500 mg) recommends that the drug be prescribed to people over the age of twelve. If there is a need to treat a child younger or a person whose weight is less than 40 kg, you should resort to other forms (not tablets) or use another medicine. For mild infections and moderate, it is recommended to use a tablet with twelve-hour breaks. In severe cases, 500 + 125 mg capsules should be taken with eight-hour pauses.
Daily the body should receive no more than 0.6 g of acid. For children, the maximum dose is calculated taking into account the weight and is no more than 10 mg per kilo. Amoxicillin per day is allowed for adults in an amount up to 6 g, for children - 45 mg per kilo. The duration of therapy generally varies from five days to two weeks. In a specific case, the duration is chosen by the doctor. It is forbidden to treat a patient with these pills for more than two weeks without re-examination in the clinic.
Nuances
Instruction for the use of Amoxiclav (500 mg) is recommended to treat odontogenic infection with a five-day course, the drug is prescribed with twelve-hour pauses between doses. If the weakness of the kidneys is of a moderate level, creatinine clearance varies between 10-30 units, the tablet is used every 12 hours, at lower rates - once a day. In the case of anuria, pauses between doses are increased to 48 hours or longer.
Unwanted effects
The administration of 500 mg Amoxiclav tablets to children and adults is associated with a risk of side effects. These include vomiting, impaired stool, appetite, abdominal pain, colitis, and malfunctioning of the liver. Allergies, dermatitis, pustulosis are possible. There is a risk of leuko-, pancyto-, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, anemia. Some complained that dizzy and sore head. Occasionally, convulsions, decreased sleep, anxiety, and increased activity were recorded. Sometimes nephritis, crystalluria, superinfection developed. For most, the undesirable effects of taking are weak, and soon exhaust themselves.
Sometimes you can’t
The instructions for the use of Amoxiclav tablets (500 mg) are prohibited for jaundice, hepatic impairment, previously observed when the patient received any of the main ingredients of the drug. The drug is not prescribed if lymphocytic leukemia, mononucleosis due to infection are diagnosed. You can not use the product if the patient’s body is too sensitive to the active substances of the drug, to penicillin antibiotics, to various beta-lactam drug products, cephalosporins.
It is necessary to use tablets very carefully if a person has previously suffered pseudomembranous colitis, if the patient is a nursing woman. Accuracy requires weakness of the liver and pronounced renal impairment.
"Interesting" position
The manufacturer fixes in the instructions for the use of Amoxiclav tablets (500 mg) the possibility of prescribing the drug to pregnant women. This is practiced if the apparent benefits of the treatment far outweigh the potential dangers to the child. Medicines, as studies have shown, are observed in small concentrations in the milk of a nursing mother. When choosing medicinal products for a therapeutic course, you need to inform a woman about all the possible dangers that accompany treatment.
The nuances of treatment
From medical statistics it is known that ampicillin therapy for infectious mononucleosis, lymphocytic leukemia in a large percentage of cases was accompanied by the appearance of rashes. Based on this, for the indicated group of patients, the considered drug is not recommended. In the case of prescribing a long course to the patient, it is important to constantly check the work of the kidneys, liver, and hematopoietic systems. In severe renal impairment, the task of the attending physician is to adjust the dose or prescribe large intervals so that the treatment is as safe as possible. To minimize the risk of unwanted gastric, intestinal reactions, it is recommended to receive tablets with food.
Amoxiclav tablets (500 mg) contain 125 mg of clavulanic acid. The same amount of this ingredient is in releases containing amoxicillin in an amount of 125, 825 mg. Accordingly, a pair of capsules with a dosage of 250 + 125 mg cannot be considered identical to one 500 + 125 mg tablet.
The drug program may be accompanied by a false positive reaction in the determination of sugars in urine using the methods of Felling, Benedict. To avoid false results, use glucosidase.
Many or few?
When taking Amoxiclav tablets (500 mg), an overdose is possible. No fatalities were recorded. There is no information about side effects that threatened the lives of patients. Excessive use of the drug is indicated by abdominal pain, impaired stool, and vomiting. Sleep disturbances are possible, some have cramps. There are cases when an overdose was accompanied by anxiety, dizziness.
If the drug is taken relatively recently - four hours have not passed yet - gastric lavage and the appointment of activated charcoal are indicated. This will reduce the amount of absorbed components. The patient should be under the supervision of a doctor in order to determine the need for symptomatic therapy in time. A good result is dialysis.
Mutual influence
The instruction for Amoxiclav tablets (500 mg) indicates a slowdown in absorption with the simultaneous use of this drug and glucosamine, antacids, aminoglycosides. The same reaction is observed if the patient receives laxatives. Combining the drug with vitamin C, you need to consider the increase in the rate of absorption reactions.
Diuretics, non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, allopurinol, phenylbutazone and drugs that inhibit the secretion of tubules lead to an increase in the content of amoxicillin in the body. The combination with anticoagulants is accompanied by an increase in prothrombin time, which requires extreme caution and regular monitoring of the patient's condition. When combined with methotrexate, the toxic effect of this drug increases. When combined with allopurinol, the risk of exanthema is greater.
Whenever possible, a combination with disulfiram is excluded. The combination with rifampicin leads to a mutual weakness of effects. It is not necessary to obtain simultaneously the pharmaceutical product in question and bacteriostatic antibiotics, sulfonamides, since the effectiveness of Amoxiclav decreases. Probenecid weakens the elimination of the antibiotic, therefore, the concentration of amoxicillin in the blood plasma increases. The effectiveness of oral contraceptives in the background of the drug course decreases.
Reliable replacements: are there any analogues?
On the pharmacy shelves you can find many drugs with the name "Amoxiclav", "Amoxiclav Quicktab." These are solutions, powders and tablets, applicable in different cases and for different ages. If for some reason the buyer wants to choose combination antibiotics with similar qualities from other pharmaceutical lines, it is worth looking at the goods:
- Amoxivan.
- "Augmentin."
- "Novaklav".
Among the well-known, reliable combination antibiotics, the pharmaceutical products Trifamox and Flemoklav are worth mentioning. If the doctor has prescribed Amoxiclav, but it is not possible to use this remedy, you must consult your doctor so that he chooses the appropriate replacement. The abundance of pharmacy products is so wide that the average person and even an experienced pharmacist can not say what kind of product the client needs.
Alternatives: injectable solution
If the use of Amoxiclav 500 mg is indicated, in some cases the powder used to prepare the liquid will be an effective option. Such a tool is intended for injection into a vein. One bottle contains 500 mg of amoxicillin and 100 mg of clavulanic acid. There is an alternative release option, each bottle of which contains twice as many active ingredients.
For children and adults, it is recommended to use Amoxiclav (500 mg) for injective administration for infection of the abdominal cavity, articular, bone tissues, "female" organs, skin, soft tissues, urinary tract, and respiratory passages.
Doses and Age
Amoxiclav injections (500 mg) for children up to three months of age, if the child is premature, as well as in the perinatal stage, is administered in the amount of 30 mg per kilo with twelve-hour pauses. The postperinatal stage requires treatment with the introduction of 30 mg per kilo with eight-hour pauses. Persons older than three months of age, but younger than twelve, “Amoxiclav” (500 mg) is administered in the amount of 30 mg per kilo with eight-hour pauses, but shorten the time intervals by two hours if the disease is severe. Patients over 12 years of age, including adults, are shown to use the drug at eight-hour intervals of 1.2 g. In severe infectious disease, Amoxiclav (500 mg) is prescribed a double dose (that is, 1 g of antibiotic and 200 g of acid) with six-hour pauses .
30 mg of the combined drug contains 25 mg of amoxicillin, five times less acid.
In surgery, the prophylactic dosage is 1.2 g with a duration of intervention of up to two hours, with longer measures it is indicated to administer the same amount up to four times a day. If the kidneys are weak, they adjust the amount of funds received by the patient, pauses between injections, or both course parameters. Oriented to creatinine clearance.