Bleeding can occur on its own or as a result of various provoking factors, pathologies. In modern medicine, five types of bleeding are distinguished : petechial bruise , hematoma, mixed, vasculitis-purple, angiomatous. Each of the presented species has its own characteristics, symptoms, causes. Emergency care for bleeding will depend more on the type of disorder. Do not forget that the bleeding of the gums is separately characterized, the causes and treatment of which differ.
Petechial-bruise type
This type of violation has its own characteristics that help with the diagnosis. This type of bleeding is characterized by the appearance of painless or small spots on the skin, in the form of hemorrhage, which may resemble bruises. Appear as a result of minor bruises, due to wearing uncomfortable clothes, after injections, and also after measuring blood pressure, at the bend of the elbow.
This type is combined in patients with increased bleeding of mucous surfaces, for example, with blood flow from the nose or menorrhagia. The petechial-bruise type of disorder is very often observed with various pathologies and blood diseases that disrupt the blood flow and plasma composition. It can be diagnosed even with acute leukemia, various types of anemia and uremia.
If the patient has this type of bleeding, then it is urgent to call an ambulance and apply local methods of stopping the blood before the specialist arrives. The patient is hospitalized without fail and in a hospital setting treatment is prescribed.
Hematoma type
This type of bleeding is characterized by large and at the same time painful outflows of blood into the subcutaneous tissue, as well as muscles, joints, periosteum. With a hematoma type of disorder, hemorrhages occur after injuries and surgical intervention. It can be diagnosed with minor cuts, after tooth extraction. Very often observed with nasal, renal and gastrointestinal bleeding, so its elimination will be the envy of related factors.
Also, for this type of bleeding, a lesion that affects the musculoskeletal system is characteristic, that is, a change in the joint tissue occurs, movements become limited, atrophy of the muscles of the lower and upper extremities is observed. A hematoma type of disorder is diagnosed with hemophilia.
Hemophilia - a disease that is inherited, is associated with impaired blood coagulation due to genetic abnormalities. It can develop suddenly or within a few hours after the injury, even the most minor.
Mixed bleeding
A mixed type of disorder or, as it is also called by specialists, petechial-hematoma, is characterized by minor formations of spots and bloody bruises, which can be combined with bulky hematomas and blood outflows under the skin. They occur even in the area of retroperitoneal tissue, in parallel with intestinal paresis. In this case, the patient will not be diagnosed with damage to the joint and bone tissue, which is always present with a hematoma type of disorder. But with a mixed form, single hemorrhages in the joints can be noted.
Very often, this type of disorder develops in parallel with serious diseases and pathologies, such as von Willebrand disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Only a specialist can help with a mixed type. Independent actions should be completely excluded. The patient is advised to administer intravenously anti-hemophilic plasma or cryoprecipitate.
Vasculitis Magenta
All types of bleeding have their own characteristics, including this type of violation. It is characterized by uniform papular-hemorrhagic rash, which has a diameter of not more than 10 mm.
Most often occurs on the surface of the lower extremities, but there are exceptions when formations are observed in the area of the hands. Also, the patient may notice small bloody dots in the buttocks. They are formed due to the diapedesis of red blood cells through the vascular walls, as their increased permeability occurs.
In parallel with the vasculitis-purple type of bleeding, the patient may be diagnosed with urticaria, arthralgia. The patient also notes acute pain in the abdomen, intestinal bleeding is observed, there is a symptomatology of glomerulonephritis. This type of violation can develop simultaneously with hemorrhagic vasculitis and with other systemic vasculitis, which are immune and infectious in nature.
A distinctive feature of this deviation is that for a long time the patient remains in the place of the rash with bluish or brown pigmentation. Other types of bleeding do not have residual hyperpigmentation.
Angiomatous type
This type of violation is characterized by bleeding, which occurs from time to time, and also has a constant asymmetric arrangement due to angiomas of small vessels. Very often, an angiomatous type of bleeding is diagnosed in parallel with disorders such as Rando-Osler disease. This pathology is accompanied by the impaired ability of the vessel wall to activate blood coagulation factors and the formation of blood clots. But at the same time, there is no violation of the formation of blood clots when in contact with a foreign surface.
If the patient has been diagnosed with this type of bleeding, it is recommended to immediately provide first aid and consult a specialist. Independent actions in this situation should be completely excluded, as this can lead to serious and irreversible consequences, as well as complications. It is impossible to determine without a specialist what triggered this or that type.
Gum bleeding: causes and treatment
This gum disorder is diagnosed in most patients and arises as a result of many provoking factors. In most cases, it is accompanied by an inflammatory process, at the initial stage of the disease it is weakly expressed and has certain symptoms, which will intensify as the gingival tissue pathology progresses.
To provoke bleeding gums can be such diseases as:
- Gingivitis. A common inflammatory process that damages the surface of tissues. It develops due to the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity. Treatment is based on plaque and stone removal, complex therapy and maintaining hygiene.
- Periodontitis. It can destroy gum tissue deep enough that can cause tooth loss. It also develops due to pathogenic bacteria that multiply on plaque. Surgical or neurosurgical treatment is carried out, drug therapy.
Also, in modern medicine, types of bleeding according to Barkagan are distinguished, which are very similar to the above types of disorders.