The human reproductive system includes a combination of external and internal genital organs, including endocrine glands, which, together with the rest, contribute to reproduction. This function, perhaps, is the main one for all mankind, since this is what helps to continue the existence of our species in the Universe and increase the population of the planet.
Risk factors
However, many residents of the Earth, even knowing the natural destiny of women, do not take care of their health, have bad habits and erratic sexual relations, often are overcooling, and do not observe the rules of personal hygiene. It is because of this lifestyle that they can develop various diseases of the organs of the reproductive system located in the pelvic cavity. In women, they are less protected, and therefore much more often than in men, they are attacked by various infectious agents. This is how endometritis, inflammation of the
appendages of the ovaries and the gonads themselves, the vagina, and the cervix develop. Other risk factors for women are erratic relationships, prolonged use of intrauterine contraceptives, frequent curettage (abortion), and unprofessional medical manipulations on the genitals. The anatomical structure of the male reproductive system is such that the penetration of infection into their genital tract is much less common. However, with a combination of adverse conditions (immunodeficiency, prolonged hypothermia), inflammation of the testicles of the testicles in men can develop.
Effects
Inflammatory processes in the genitals lead to a temporary (and with advanced forms - to a long or even permanent) loss of reproductive function. This happens primarily because fertilization of the egg requires the coincidence of many favorable conditions, because even with unprotected sexual contact dozens of obstacles get in the way of sperm. And in the absence of concern for women's health, endometritis (damage to the uterine mucosa ), inflammation of the appendages in women (ovaries and fallopian tubes - adnexitis or salpingoophoritis) most often develop. The main symptoms of this group of diseases are sharp (acute) or aching (dull) pain in the lower abdomen. Moreover, before or during menstruation, they intensify. Pain during coition, a decrease in sexual desire are especially characteristic. Patients often complain of menstrual dysfunction, manifested in irregularity, an increase / decrease in the number of secretions, as well as manifestations of intoxication, general weakness, fever, chills.
Sources of infection
The causes of inflammatory changes in the genitals of both men and women are often infectious. And damage to the appendages occurs by lymphogenous or hematogenous spread from the primary source. Often these are manifestations of both extragenital acute or chronic foci (carious teeth, bronchitis, sinusitis, tuberculosis, appendicitis), and complications of genital infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis). Thus, they can be bacterial, viral, fungal agents.
Etiotropic treatment
The doctor after a survey and a thorough examination of the patient prescribes antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages. At the beginning of the disease, especially if it has developed acutely, drugs with antibiotic activity of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. In parallel, a swab from the genital tract of a woman is taken to sow the pathogen on a nutrient medium in the microbiological laboratory, to determine its type. As a result, after this the question is solved, what antibiotics to treat inflammation of the appendages in the patient.
Therapy
The most effective drug in a particular case is selected. More often the same antibiotics are prescribed for inflammation of the appendages - this is Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Linkomycin. Also, the most commonly used is not monotherapy, but complex. For this, a combination of several drugs is selected to achieve positive dynamics as soon as possible, and first of all, to relieve inflammation of the appendages in women. In addition, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapies are carried out aimed at alleviating the patient's condition and eliminating other parts of the inflammation chain. So, if the disease was first detected and is in the acute phase, then, most likely, the patient will recommend inpatient treatment. There she must observe bed rest, take the necessary antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages or other parts of the reproductive system, as well as sulfonamides, analgesics to relieve pain and general strengthening agents that strengthen the immune system. If the disease proceeds in the subacute phase, physiotherapy is carefully added to this treatment regimen. And in chronic - also balneotherapy.
Differential diagnosis problems
However, if the disease nevertheless progressed latently for a long time or the patient did not monitor her health, independently used antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages, then most often in such cases many complications appear, not only leading to infertility, but also requiring surgical treatment. Timely diagnosis of diseases of reproductive function is often extremely problematic, as patients βcarry on footβ the initial phase of the disease for a long time and go to the doctor only after the onset of severe symptoms. At this point, the symptoms of the disease are similar to many other diseases: endometritis, peritonitis, kidney cyst, and therefore the doctor can make a diagnosis only on the basis of a detailed medical history and examination, laboratory (UAC, OAM, PCR, immunological methods of RIF and ELISA) and instrumental studies ( Ultrasound). Also important is the internal obstetric study, revealing a restriction of the mobility of the ovarian appendages.
Therapeutic tactics
Even if treatment under the supervision of a qualified specialist leads to a complete recovery of the patient, then in the future she should avoid adverse situations for the body. For example, you should not spend a long time on the street or in a cold room, you need to thoroughly carry out the hygiene of the genitals, monitor your menstrual cycle and notice in time the appearance of any, even minor symptoms of the disease. It would be good if the patient remembers the necessary name of antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages. She needs to remember only certain endings of such drugs, for example, -cillin (all drugs of choice from the penicillin group, they are of a wide spectrum of action, are prescribed for the bacterial nature of the disease). Such infectious agents (capable of causing inflammation of the appendages in women), the treatment of which is carried out by penicillins and aminoglycosides (often the end of Ξ²-mycin), are more often staphillo-, strepto-, pepto-, peptostreptococci, enterobacteria and bacteroids.
An additional stage in the treatment
In the absence of the effect of the prescribed drug or a combination of several within 3 days (72 hours), the drug Clindamycin is additionally prescribed. This is a semi-synthetic antibiotic of the linkosamide group , which has a pronounced bactericidal activity. And it is taken until the patient's body temperature normalizes and the symptoms of irritation of the visceral peritoneum disappear. After this, the drug "Clindamycin" is stopped and again returned to the previous treatment method, that is, the combination of penicillin and aminoglycosides orally for 5 days.
Prevention
In parallel, women should be advised to take antifungal drugs, since not only pathogenic, but also normal flora is destroyed during antibiotic treatment, and this can lead to an aggravation of the situation and the attachment of resistance to most antibiotics. If, during the current illness, a woman has severe symptoms of intoxication (temperature, headache, a feeling of fatigue, pain in the lower abdomen or lower back associated with menstruation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, intolerance to light irritants, etc.), which determine the serious condition patients, conduct
infusion therapy to accelerate the time of onset of action of drugs. If, during the height of the infection, the patient began to have
adhesive disease, then absorbable therapy is also necessary.