Today we will discuss a concept from the world of music - a pipe. This is a general name applied to folk musical wind instruments. All of them belong to the family of longitudinal flutes. This term is actively used in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.
Tool design
The musical instrument of the pipe is a tube with a whistle device and playing holes. They differ in size, shape. For the manufacture of such tools use buckthorn, linden, pine, hornbeam, hazel, ash, maple.
Often the pipe was made from reeds, elderberry reeds. The tool has side openings and a mouthpiece for blowing. In modern practice, ebonite and aluminum are used for the manufacture. The pipes are twisted, burned out, drilled manually, sharpened on the machine. Such designs are collapsible and solid.
Piston
Such a pipe is a musical instrument that has been distributed mainly in Belarus. It is a wooden cylindrical tube equipped with a whistle device and supplemented by a piston with a handle.
Sound extraction is carried out by supplying a stream of air, as well as swinging, rhythmic movements of the piston, due to which the pitch is determined. The lowest is formed in the open position of the piston.
The highest is closed. Piston pipe is an auditory instrument that does not have a system. Playing it is primarily associated with the auditory sensations of the performer himself.
Kalyuka
The pipe named above is a wind instrument. Other names are spiny, distillation, grass pipe. It is a type of longitudinal overtone flute. During the game, natural overtones are blown out on it. Structurally, it is a hollow cylinder with special holes. It is made from a stalk of prickly tatarnik.
Also in this case, some other plants may be used. Specialists learned about the use of this instrument in traditional Russian culture only in 1980. After that, it was widely used in ensembles. In culture, the instrument is considered to be exclusively masculine. Similar inventions found in various countries of the world.
The game is carried out by closing and opening the tube hole with your finger, also by changing the force of the air stream that is supplied to the instrument. In use, such a pipe is held with two hands vertically down. This allows the index finger to close and open the lower hole. The size of the instrument may vary depending on the length of the player’s hands.
For children, this parameter is in the range of 25-30 cm, for adults - 72-86 cm. The length of the tube is adjusted, also based on the growth of the owner. The specified indicator is considered acceptable if you can close the lower hole mentioned above with your fingers or palm. The length of the flute, therefore, should not exceed the outstretched arm, if we take the countdown from the shoulder to the tips of the fingers.
The body of the kalyuki has a conical shaped passage; it tapers slightly from top to bottom. The inner diameter of the tubes is in the range of 15-25 mm. The same indicator for the outlet is 12-14 mm, the top is 19-23 mm.
The pipe was opened in 1980 by students of the Leningrad and Moscow Conservatory in the villages of Podserdnee and Bolshebykovo. These settlements are located halfway to Voronezh from Belgorod.
Other varieties
A three-hole pipe musical instrument is common in Western Europe. The artist plays with one hand on it, with the other on a bell or drum. Separately, it should be said about the nozzle.
In Ukraine, this name has been preserved today. In Russia, it is rare. The term of interest to us also means bagpipes. The popularity of the pipe is evidenced by many sayings and proverbs in which it is mentioned.
On the same stage
The orchestra of Russian
folk instruments combines most of the inventions mentioned above. It includes instruments from the family of balalaika and domr, pitfalls, button accordions, gusli. The first such team was created in St. Petersburg in 1888 by
Vasily Andreev. The group was united in the “Balalaika Club”.
After the concerts, which took place not only in Russia, but also abroad, the group received the name of the Great Russian Orchestra. The October Revolution has passed. Such a phenomenon as an orchestra of Russian folk instruments has become widespread. Such groups existed almost everywhere: in clubs, houses of culture, concert organizations.
The repertoire of such orchestras usually includes arrangements for folk songs, as well as arrangements for compositions that were written for other compositions. There are works written for such a group of musicians.
Modern orchestras are creative groups that perform at the largest venues in Russia and in other countries. The composition of the team includes three-stringed domra: bass, alto, small, piccolo.