Aneurysm of the cerebral vessels is a pathological condition characterized by structural disruption of blood vessels with the formation on their walls of expansion in the form of a bag. As a rule, the cause of the disease is a structural congenital disorder or anomaly. It rarely occurs due to trauma or atherosclerosis.
In this case, violations can be located in various parts of the vascular network of the brain. However, as a rule, they are located at its base in the Willis circle.
Depending on the type of development, arteriovenous and arterial disorders are distinguished.
Arteriovenous aneurysm of the cerebral vessels is presented in the form of a bundle of dilated venous vessels. This type of violation is caused by the establishment of a direct message of blood between any artery and vein of an organ. It is known that blood pressure is much higher than venous. Direct communication between these vessels leads to the ejection of blood from an artery into a vein, bypassing the brain tissue. In this case, the discharge is accompanied by high pressure. This causes expansion of the venous walls. An aneurysm of the cerebral vessels is formed. Symptoms of the formation of expansion include severe pain, impaired movement and sensitivity, epileptic seizures. As a result of the increase in pressure inside the expansion and the thinning of the walls, the resulting bag-like expansion ruptures. This, in turn, causes intracranial bleeding, which often ends in death.
Arterial cerebral aneurysm occurs in the arteries and can be single or multiple, insignificant and very large. Depending on the type of course, the violation is accompanied by various manifestations. An asymptomatic leak can be detected by chance. An unexploded aneurysm is manifested by sensations of compression of the cranial nerves and brain, and a chronic headache. In addition, the disease is accompanied by a violation of smell and vision, epileptic seizures, impaired skin sensitivity and facial expressions.
An expansion gap leads to internal bleeding. Aneurysm rupture, accompanied by bleeding, may recur. It should be noted that in the first case, a fatal outcome occurs in ten to thirty percent, and with a second break, the death rate exceeds seventy percent.
Carrying out diagnostic measures is advisable if there is information about intracranial bleeding (its episode). In other cases, based on the onset of symptoms, it is not possible to establish an accurate diagnosis of aneurysm. The diagnosis is clarified using angiography. A diagnostic study of the vessels of the brain reveals the presence of expansion, its size and location. As other (additional) measures, computed (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging is used.
Aneurysm of cerebral vessels. Treatment.
Confirmation of the diagnosis of enlargement is a direct indication for the appointment of treatment in the form of surgical intervention. In some cases, surgery is not prescribed until the aneurysm reaches a life-threatening patient size. The operation can be carried out in various ways. In some cases, the expansion is pinched by a special clip and is thus disconnected from the vessel on which it is formed. This eliminates the risk of rupture and bleeding. In another case, the affected area is removed and replaced with a prosthesis or a special framework for it (stent) is installed.