Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of the pancreas, accompanied by impaired carbohydrate metabolism and decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. As a rule, it is asymptomatic and requires complex treatment, including not only drug therapy, but also special nutrition. In today's publication, we will figure out which products include a diet for type 2 diabetics, and what can be prepared from them.
General recommendations
The nutrition system designed for people with diabetes is not only aimed at correcting lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Its goal is also the prevention of concomitant pathologies. The basis of such a diet is fractional nutrition. Eating is advisable often, but little by little. It is undesirable to skip breakfast and eat less than two hours before going to bed.
It is also important to minimize the amount of salt consumed and to observe the drinking regimen. The volume of fluid drunk should not be less than 1.5 liters per day. As for the energy value of products, the total figure averages around 2400 kcal. Moreover, the diet of type 2 diabetic with obesity should be less high-calorie due to lower consumption of protein and carbohydrate foods.
Allowed Products
Unfortunately, people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have to limit themselves to eating. But this does not mean that their diet consists solely of tasteless but healthy ingredients. In fact, the list of allowed products is quite wide and gives room for the implementation of culinary fantasies.
A special place in the list of components allowed by the diet for type 2 diabetics is given to juicy plant foods. It can be fresh greens, beans, eggplant, tomatoes, cucumbers, kohlrabi, white and cauliflower. Also, starchy and sugar-containing vegetables, such as carrots, beets and potatoes, must be present in the diet of sick people. It is advisable to use them no more than twice a week, so as not to provoke a relapse. From fruits and berries, it is advisable to choose those that are rich in vitamin C. It can be cranberries, grapefruit, orange, black and red currants.
Also, a diet for type 2 diabetics does not exclude the use of cereals cooked on the basis of oatmeal, buckwheat or barley. As for bread, experts advise giving preference to varieties baked from bran, whole grains, rye or second-class wheat flour.
Also included in the list of allowed products are egg whites, cottage cheese, yogurt, kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt, turkey, chicken, beef and low-fat fish (perch, pollock, bream, pike, carp or hake). Non-carbonated mineral water, rosehip broth, cucumber and tomato juice, berry and fruit compotes, weak green or black tea are allowed from drinks.
Prohibited Products
People who are diagnosed with this disease need to remember what should not be on the menu for type 2 diabetics. The diet completely eliminates the use of any alcoholic beverages, spicy foods and refractory fats. From the diet of such patients will have to remove melons, bananas, rice, semolina, pumpkin, squash and corn.
Also, diabetics are strictly forbidden to eat pasta, sweet curd, yogurts with artificial additives, ice cream, jam, jam, honey, sugar, sausage, mayonnaise and muffin. In addition, the use of cheeses, sour cream and other high-fat dairy products is unacceptable.
Sample menu for the week
A type 2 diabetic diet should be designed to take into account whether he is taking drugs that help lower his glucose level. Therefore, we can only offer an approximate version of the weekly diet.
Monday. It’s better to start the day with carrot salad and herculean milk porridge, flavored with a small piece of butter. After a few hours, you can have a snack consisting of a ripe apple.
At lunch, it is recommended to eat a lean diet borsch with a slice of grain bread, vegetable stew and fresh salad. As an afternoon snack, it is better to choose some fruit.
For dinner, it is advisable to eat a portion of cottage cheese casseroles. And before going to bed, you can drink a glass of kefir.
Tuesday. You need to start the day with a salad of fresh cabbage, slices of bread and a slice of steamed fish. After a few hours, you can eat a portion of boiled vegetables and a cup of unsweetened tea.
At lunch, it is recommended to eat a plate of diet soup, a slice of chicken and a ripe apple. For a mid-morning snack you can cook cottage cheese pancakes and a rosehip broth.
For dinner, it is better to choose steam meatballs, a boiled egg and a cup of tea. Shortly before bedtime, it is advisable to drink a glass of kefir.
Wednesday. For breakfast, you can serve buckwheat, a little fat cottage cheese and a mug of tea. After a couple of hours, it is advisable to drink a glass of dried fruit compote.
At lunch, it is recommended to eat a portion of lean meat and vegetable stew. As an afternoon snack, it is better to choose a ripe apple.
In the evening it is allowed to eat meatballs with steamed vegetables. Before going to bed, you can drink a little yogurt.
Thursday. For breakfast you can cook porridge and beets. After a few hours, it is advisable to eat grapefruit.
For lunch, it is recommended to eat a plate of diet fish soup, a serving of vegetable stew and a slice of bread. You can spoil cabbage salad.
For dinner, you should cook buckwheat porridge with vegetables. And before going to bed, you can drink a glass of kefir or low-fat milk.
Friday. A morning meal may consist of cottage cheese, apple and carrot salad and a cup of tea. After a couple of hours, it is advisable to eat an apple or drink a glass of compote.
For lunch, it is better to cook beef goulash and vegetable soup with a slice of bread. In the afternoon, it is better to eat fruit salad.
In the evening, you can serve millet porridge with baked fish to the table. And before going to bed, you need to limit yourself to a glass of kefir.
Saturday. For breakfast, you can cook milk oatmeal and prepare carrot salad. After a couple of hours, it is advisable to eat grapefruit.
For lunch, it is recommended to serve light soup, stewed liver and compote. At midday, it is better to choose any fruit.
In the evening, you should cook pearl barley porridge and vegetable caviar with a slice of bread. And before going to bed, you can drink a glass of kefir.
Sunday. It is better to start your day with buckwheat porridge, boiled beets and low-fat cheese. After a few hours, it is advisable to eat an apple and drink a cup of tea.
For dinner, it is advisable to cook bean soup, stewed vegetables and pilaf with chicken. You can have an orange and a cup of unsweetened tea.
For dinner, it is better to serve a vegetable salad and porridge with a steam patty. Shortly before bedtime, you can drink a glass of kefir.
Fish soup
Light first courses form the basis of a type 2 diabetes diet. The menu for the week must necessarily include low-calorie fish soups. To prepare one of them you will need:
- 200 g salmon filet.
- 200 g of cod.
- Onion head.
- Large potato.
- Water, salt, greens and bay leaves.
First of all, you should do vegetables. They are washed and peeled. Then the onion, without cutting, is lowered into a pan filled with two liters of boiling water. After seven minutes, they lay the same slices of potatoes and continue to cook. Then the future soup is supplemented with pieces of fish, salt and bay leaf. All this is brought to readiness and sprinkled with herbs.
Vegetable stew
When compiling a diet for type 2 diabetics, dishes prepared on the basis of plant components cannot be neglected. To make one of these treats, you will need:
- Small squash.
- Eggplant.
- 2 small tomatoes.
- 2 sweet peppers.
- Onion head.
- 150 g of cabbage.
- 2 glasses of vegetable broth.
You need to start the process with processing vegetables. They are peeled, rinsed and cut into small pieces. Then the vegetables are laid out in portioned ceramic pots and poured with broth. Stew is prepared for about forty minutes at 160 ° C.
String Bean Soup
This diet first meal is a great way to diversify your diet for type 2 diabetics for a week. The recipe for its preparation involves the use of a specific set of components. Therefore, check in advance whether you have at hand:
- 2 l of vegetable broth.
- 200 g of green beans.
- 2 medium potatoes.
- Medium-sized carrot.
- Onion head.
- Greens.
Peeled, washed and chopped vegetables (carrots, potatoes and onions) are placed in a pan filled with boiling broth. After a quarter of an hour, string beans are poured there and cooked together for about five minutes. Ready soup sprinkled with chopped herbs and served for dinner.
Cutlets
Ground meat products are considered an excellent source of digestible protein. Therefore, they must be on the diet menu for type 2 diabetics. The recipe for such cutlets is extremely simple. To play it you need:
- 500 g boneless beef.
- 2 onion heads.
- 2 eggs.
- 2 tbsp. l flour.
- Medium-sized carrot.
- A little bran and white cabbage.
- Salt and vegetable oil.
Pre-cooked meat is processed using a blender and combined with peeled and ground vegetables. The resulting mass is supplemented with eggs, salt and flour. Cutlets are formed from the prepared minced meat, roll them in bran and brown in warmed lean oil.
Omelette
This dish will be a good breakfast option for people who are forced to adhere to a diet for type 2 diabetics. The recipe for such an omelet does not involve the use of expensive or scarce components. Therefore, it is possible that you do not even have to run to the store. To cook it, you will need:
- 3 egg whites.
- 4 tbsp. l skim milk.
- Salt and butter.
Proteins are combined with salted milk and whipped thoroughly. The resulting mixture is poured into a greased form and sent for heat treatment. Prepare an omelet in a preheated oven.
Baked mackerel
Saltwater fish is something that must be in the diet of people on a diet for type 2 diabetics who are overweight. To prepare one of these dishes you will need:
- Mackerel fillet.
- Lemon, spices and salt.
Washed and dried fish is pickled in seasonings mixed with citrus juice. Then it is sprinkled with salt and browned on the grill.
Squid salad
Low-calorie seafood has a unique vitamin and mineral composition and combines perfectly with many ingredients. To prepare one of these salads you will need:
- Squid carcass.
- Onion head.
- Boiled egg.
- Ripe apple.
- Low-calorie yogurt.
The pre-washed and processed squid carcass is boiled for a short time in boiling water, and then cleaned and cut into thin rings. Then, grated apple, chopped onion and chopped egg are added to it. Ready salad seasoned with yogurt.