Today, there are many types of human diseases, and in order to navigate in this variety, pathologies have been grouped. Thus, scientists shared the ailments, taking into account various signs: the path of infection, pathogens, features of occurrence, affected organs and systems, type of pathology, etc. Based on this, experts divided pathologies according to ICD-10, there is a general division used by doctors .
ICD-10
In the territory of the Russian Federation, a single regulatory document has been established, according to which the incidence rate is kept; the reasons for going to the doctor are ICD-10. The adopted International Classification of Diseases was introduced into the practice of healthcare of the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Ministry of Health of May 27, 1997 No. 170. By 2018, the WHO made additions and changes. According to the plans of the World Health Organization, in 2018, the ICD-11 will be officially operational.
Division of pathologies according to ICD-10
The following types of diseases are included in ICD-10:
- Infectious and parasitic pathologies.
- Neoplasms.
- Pathology of blood, blood forming organs.
- Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases.
- Mental illnesses, behavioral disorders.
- Diseases of the nervous system.
- Eye diseases.
- Ear disease.
- Pathology of the respiratory system.
- Digestive system diseases.
- Skin diseases.
- Musculoskeletal system diseases.
- Pathology of the genitourinary system.
- Pregnancy, childbirth, the period after childbirth.
- Congenital malformations, deformations, chromosomal abnormalities.
- Injury, poisoning.
Each group includes many different pathologies.
The main categories of pathologies
All existing types of diseases are also divided into the following categories:
- Surgical
- Female ailments.
- Diseases of children.
- Nervous.
- Mental.
- Internal
- Dental pathology.
- Ophthalmic.
- ENT diseases.
- Skin and sexually transmitted diseases.
This is a figurative division into types of diseases, which does not claim to be accurate. Of course, medicine does not stand still, every year new facts about certain pathologies open up. Because of this, they are constantly grouped in a new way. Even the ICD-10 list has been revised; additions and changes have been made to this official classification. However, the above division of ailments remains unchanged. In each category there are divisions into types of human diseases by system.
Systemic disease categories
And what types of diseases are given the affected systems? How diseases are divided? Doctors distinguish the following groups of diseases:
- Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
- Diseases of the nervous system.
- Diseases of the male genitourinary system.
- Diseases of the female genitourinary system.
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
- Endocrine diseases.
- Skin diseases.
- Pathology of ENT organs.
- Respiratory diseases.
- Oncological diseases.
With this type of division of diseases, infectious and other types of pathologies are not isolated separately.
Dividing the course and level of pathology
Each disease is classified according to the nature of the course. According to this criterion, pathologies are divided into acute and chronic diseases. Also, diseases are divided by the level at which pathological changes are detected. According to this principle of division, the following main types of diseases are distinguished: cellular, organ, tissue, molecular, chromosome.
Types of diseases by etiology and method of treatment
According to etiological factors, all diseases are divided into the following:
- Physical.
- Mechanical.
- Psychogenic.
- Chemical.
- Biological.
Also, all types of pathologies are divided according to the method of treatment. This classification distinguishes therapeutic, surgical, homeopathic and other types.
Nosological division
Most often, the division of pathologies is carried out according to the nosological method. This principle is based on a grouping of pathological conditions according to similar (related) signs. However, even this technique cannot completely satisfy the needs of medical practitioners. For example, pneumonia can be attributed to pathologies of the respiratory system, infectious diseases and allergies.
Infectious diseases
There are several types of infectious diseases :
- Viral
- Mycoplasmosis.
- Chlamydia.
- Rickettsioses.
- Spirochetosis.
- Diseases caused by bacteria.
- Mycoses.
- Protozoa.
By the number of pathogens that caused the ailments, single infections and mixed species, or mixed infections, are isolated.
Another type of classification of all pathologies is the method of infection. According to this criterion, diseases are divided into exogenous (resulting from the penetration of pathogens from the outside) and endogenous. The latter are all types of diseases that are caused by opportunistic microorganisms. Most often, this species causes damage to the tonsils, intestines, broncho-pulmonary system, urinary tract, skin pathology. Typically, endogenous types of diseases occur with a decrease in the body's defenses caused by prolonged use of antibiotics, poor ecology and other factors.
According to the degree of contagiousness, infectious diseases are divided into:
- Non-contagious, i.e. non-contagious. This type includes pathologies such as malaria, pseudotuberculosis, botulism, etc.
- Low-contagious (brucellosis, ornithosis, etc.).
- Contagious (SARS, influenza, typhoid fever and others).
- Highly contagious (cholera, chickenpox).
There is a classification of diseases, taking into account the location of the pathogen in the body, the transmission and release of the pathogen into the external environment. By this criterion, the following types are distinguished:
- Intestinal infections. Usually, infection occurs through the mouth. Diseases are spread by the fecal-oral method.
- Respiratory diseases. The spread of pathology occurs by airborne droplets.
- Transmissible blood diseases. In this type of disease, the transmission of pathogens occurs through fleas, mosquitoes, ticks, etc.
- Non-transmissible blood infections. Infection occurs with a transfusion of blood, plasma, during injection.
- External diseases arising from contact.
There are a number of other types of diseases that take into account the habitat of the pathogen, the severity of the ailments, the degree of clinical manifestations, and the characteristics of the course.