Vysotsky Vladimir Semenovich was born in Moscow in 1938, on January 25. He died here on July 25, 1980. This talented person is an outstanding poet of the USSR, as well as an actor and singer, author of several works in prose, Honored Artist of the RSFSR (posthumously, since 1986). He also received the USSR State Prize (also posthumously, in 1987). Vysotsky's work, his biography will be presented in this article.
As an actor, he participated in 30 films, including “Little Tragedies,“ The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed, ”“ Vertical, ”“ The Master of the Taiga, ”“ Short Meetings. ”Vladimir Semenovich was a member of the troupe, constantly performing at the Moscow Drama and Comedy Theater, located on Taganka. More Vysotsky's work will be discussed below.
Family of Vladimir Semenovich
His father is Semen Vladimirovich Vysotsky (years of life - 1916-1997). This is a native of Kiev, a veteran of the Second World War, a military signalman, a colonel. Nina Maksimovna (years of life - 1912-2003) is the mother of the poet, by profession she is a translator into Russian from German. Uncle Vladimir Semenovich - Alexey Vladimirovich (years of life - 1919-1977). This man - a writer, participated in the Second World War, was awarded three orders of the Red Banner.
Where does the Vysotsky family come from?
Researchers now agree that the place where the Vysotsky family came from can be considered the Grodno province, Pruzhany district, the village of Selets (now it is Belarus, Brest region). Probably, the surname was associated with the name of one of the settlements of the Brest region, the Kamenets district (Vysokoye city).
The childhood of the future artist
Vladimir spent his early childhood in a communal apartment in Moscow, located on 1st Meshchanskaya Street. In 1975, he wrote about this period of his life that at the disposal of families was only one restroom with 38 rooms. In 1941-1943, he lived in the village of Vorontsovka in evacuation with his mother. This settlement was located 20 kilometers from the regional center - the city of Buzuluk, located in the Chkalov region (now Orenburg). In 1943, the future poet returned to 1st Meshchanskaya Street (received in 1957 the name "Prospect Mira"). He went in 1945 to the first class of one of the schools in Moscow.
In 1947, some time after the parents divorced, Vladimir Vysotsky, whose brief biography and work are presented in this article, moves to his father and his second wife (Vysotskaya-Likhalatova Evgenia Stepanovna). They lived in 1947-1949 in Germany, in the city of Eberswald, where his father served. Here he learned to play the piano Vysotsky. His life and work, however, took place mainly in Moscow.
He returned to the capital in 1949, in October, went here to male school number 186, in the fifth grade. The Vysotsky family at that time lived in Bolshoi Karetny Lane, at number 15 (now on this building you can see a memorial plaque).
The beginning of an artistic career
Since 1953, Vysotsky visited the drama club in the Teacher’s House, led by V. Bogomolov, an artist of the Moscow Art Theater. Vladimir graduated from school No. 186 in 1955 and, at the insistence of his relatives, entered the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute and the Faculty of Mechanics. He left there after the first semester.
This decision was made on New Year's Eve (from 12/31/1955 to 01/01/1956). Together with Igor Kokhanovsky, a school friend, Vysotsky made drawings without which they would not have been allowed to attend the session. The task was completed at about two in the morning. But suddenly Vladimir got up and started pouring mascara (the rest of the brewed coffee - according to another version) his drawing. He decided to prepare for admission to the theater, because he decided that the mechanical faculty was not for him.
Studying at the Moscow Art Theater
From 1956 to 1960, Vladimir Semenovich was a student at the Moscow Art Theater, the acting department. He studied with Vershilov, and then with Komissarov and Massalsky. Vysotsky met in the first year with Iza Zhukova. He married this girl in the spring of 1960.
The first works in the theater
The first work in the theater was marked by 1959 (the role of Porfiry Petrovich in the play entitled "Crime and Punishment"). At the same time, Vysotsky received his first episodic role in the movie (student Petya in the film "Peers"). The first mention of him in the press took place in 1960. This was the article “Nineteen from the Moscow Art Theater” by L. Sergeyev.
Vladimir Semenovich worked in the years 1960-1964 at the Moscow Drama Theater. Pushkin (intermittently). He played in the play "The Scarlet Flower" (based on the work of Aksakov) the role of Leshiy, in addition, about 10 more roles, most of which were episodic.
On the set of the film entitled "713th asks for a landing" in 1961, Vladimir Semenovich met Abramova Lyudmila, who became his second wife. The marriage was officially registered in 1965.
The first musical works
Musical work of Vysotsky originates in the 60s. The earliest song is Tattoo, written in Leningrad in 1961. Vladimir Semenovich himself has repeatedly called her such.
But there is another, called "49 days", which dates from 1960. The author’s attitude to this song was very critical. She was given an autograph overhead heading, in which she was called a manual for hacks, "beginners and over." At the end, it was explained that poems on any relevant topics could be made in the same way. Despite the fact that the author himself excluded this song from his work, considering the first “Tattoo”, the phonograms of the performances of “49 days” are known, and they date back to 1964-1967.
Mature creativity
Vysotsky's songwriting in the future, along with acting, became for Vladimir Semenovich a matter of life. Having worked in the Moscow Theater of Miniatures for less than two months, he made unsuccessful attempts to enter the Sovremennik. Vysotsky in 1964 created the first songs for films, and also entered the Taganka Theater, in which he worked until the end of his life.
Vladimir Semenovich met in 1967, in July, with Marina Vlady, a French actress (Polyakova Marina Vladimirovna), who became his third wife in 1970, in December.
Clinical death
Vysotsky sent a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1968 about harsh criticism of his early songs in the central newspapers. At the same time, his first record was released entitled "Songs from the movie" Vertical "." The actor in the summer of 1969 had a clinical death. He survived then only thanks to Marina Vladi. At that time she was in Moscow. The girl heard, passing the bathroom, groans and saw that Vladimir Semenovich was bleeding with his throat.
Doctors, fortunately, brought him in time to the Sklifosovsky Institute. He would not have survived if the delay had been a few more minutes. 18 hours, doctors fought for the life of this actor. Already rumors circulated around Moscow about his death.
In 1972, on June 15, an Estonian television show broadcasted under the title “Taganka Guy” was shown. So Vysotsky first appeared on the Soviet television screen, not counting the movies in which he participated.
He settled in 1975 on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, in a cooperative apartment. The exhibition hall of the committee of graphic artists was located in the basement of this building. Since 1977, exhibitions of various non-conformists have been held here. The actor regularly visited them.
For the first and last time in the same year, a poem was published during his lifetime, which marked the work of Vladimir Vysotsky, in a literary and artistic collection called "Day of Poetry." It was called "From the travel diary."
The heyday of Vysotsky’s work falls on the 1970s. In 1978, on February 13, by order of the Ministry of Culture, this artist was awarded the highest category of soloist and vocalist of the stage. After that, he earned official recognition as a professional singer. The work of Vladimir Vysotsky was finally appreciated.
Usually his songs are classified as bardic compositions, but a reservation should be made. Their manner of execution and theme were very different from many other so-called intelligent bards. Vladimir Semenovich, in addition, reacted quite negatively to amateur song clubs. Unlike many bards of the USSR, he was also a professional actor, so his work cannot be attributed to amateur performances for this reason. The compositions touched on many topics. Among his musical works are love lyrics, ballads, and thieves songs, as well as written on political topics, humorous, fairy tale songs. Many subsequently began to be called monologues, as they were written in the first person. Such is Vysotsky's songwriting, briefly described.
Vladimir Semenovich recorded on television in 1978, and participates in the next year in the publication of the almanac called Metropol.
In Paris in the 1970s, Vladimir Semenovich met with Alyosha Dmitrievich, a gypsy artist and musician. Repeatedly they jointly performed romances and songs, even intended to release a record, however, in 1980 Vysotsky died, so this project was not implemented.
Touring Abroad
Vladimir Semenovich, together with the Taganka Theater troupe, traveled abroad with tours to Poland, Germany, France, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Bulgaria. He also managed to visit the United States several times, received permission to go to France with his wife on a private visit, and visited Tahiti, Canada. Abroad and in the USSR, he gave more than a thousand concerts.
On central television in 1980, January 22, Vysotsky recorded in the program "Cinema Panorama". Its fragments will be shown for the first time in January 1981, and only in 1987 will it be released in its entirety.
The last days, the death of Vysotsky
Performance in the Lyubertsy Palace of Culture (near Moscow) took place in 1980, July 3. According to eyewitnesses, the musician looked unhealthy. He himself admitted that he did not feel well, but he stayed alert, having played a two-hour concert instead of the planned one and a half hour. In this love of the scene is the whole Vladimir Vysotsky. His creativity and fate nevertheless approached the inevitable ending.
One of the last performances took place in the same year, June 22, in the city of Kaliningrad. During it, Vysotsky became ill again. Speaking at the NIIEM (Moscow) on July 14, he performed one of his last songs entitled "My sadness, my longing ...". In Kaliningrad (now Korolev) near Moscow, he held his last concert on July 16.
Vysotsky July 18 appeared for the last time at the Taganka Theater, in the role of Hamlet, the most famous of all his roles. These are the latest events that marked the work of Vysotsky.
Briefly about his death we can say the following. Vladimir Semenovich died on July 25 in a dream, in a Moscow apartment. It is impossible to name the exact cause of his death, since an autopsy was not performed. Several versions exist about this. Leonid Sulpovar and Stanislav Shcherbakov say that the artist died of suffocation, asphyxiation as a result of excessive use of sedatives (alcohol and morphine). However, Igor Elkis refutes this version.
Artist's funeral
Vysotsky was buried on July 28 at the Vagankovsky cemetery. The actor died during the Olympic Games in Moscow. In anticipation of this event, the city was completely closed to the entry of nonresident. He was flooded with police. In the Soviet media reports of death at that time were practically not printed. Despite all this, a huge crowd gathered at the Taganka Theater after the death of Vysotsky. For several days she was there. The roofs of the buildings around Tagansky Square were filled with people on the day of the funeral. It seemed that the whole of Moscow had buried such a great man as Vladimir Vysotsky, whose biography and work still continue to cause great interest.
House of Art Vysotsky in Krasnodar
The house of creativity of this legendary artist in Krasnodar is located in the city center. Several halls present personal belongings of the artist, as well as photographs taken during his studies at the Moscow Art Theater, materials relating to different periods of his life. Here is the death mask of this artist. Admission is free. In front of the building’s facade is a bust of the artist. The life and work of Vladimir Vysotsky attract many people here today. In the House of Creativity there is also the opportunity to watch films about him, take a tour, and also completely free of charge.