In medicine, the term "gastric hyperplasia" refers to a pathological process characterized by an increase in the number of cells of the digestive organ. Its mucous membrane thickens, over time, polyps form on it. There are several forms of the disease. One of the most common is follicular hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa.
Development mechanism
The basis of the disease is cell division, which is normally necessary. But under the influence of various adverse factors, the abnormal process of the growth of the epithelial tissue of the organ of the digestive system starts. During diagnostic activities, the doctor has the ability to visualize sections of the mucous membrane covered with curvatures. The folds of the organ are deformed, their length increases. In addition, gastric fossa also undergoes external changes. As a rule, at the initial stage, deformations and growths are detected randomly during an endoscopic examination, prescribed for another reason.
Most often, the area where the antrum is located is exposed to the disease . This is because it is this area that experiences the greatest load when digesting food. However, the cardia of the stomach, and the body, and the bottom can be involved in the pathological process. The disease does not have a specific localization. According to ICD-10, the polyps of the stomach are assigned the code D13.1.
A feature of the disease is that the formed neoplasms do not degenerate into tumors of either a benign or malignant nature.
Causes
It is important to understand that foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach is a disease that does not occur on its own. The most common trigger for its development is unbalanced nutrition, excessive consumption of products containing carcinogens.
In addition, the causes of foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach are the following diseases and conditions:
- chronic pathologies (e.g., ulcers or gastritis);
- hereditary predisposition;
- hormonal imbalance;
- the presence in the organ of the pathogen Helicobacter pylori;
- alcoholism;
- long stay in a state of stress;
- malfunctioning of the parasympathetic nervous system.
In addition, the ailment often develops against the background of prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Early symptoms
It is important to know that foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach is such an insidious disease, the danger of which lies in the fact that at the first stages of development it is not accompanied by a deterioration in human well-being. Gradually, the disease progresses and passes into a neglected form, which sometimes cannot be cured by conservative methods.
Late stage symptoms
The danger of the disease also lies in the fact that it does not have specific symptoms. In this regard, you must immediately consult a doctor if you feel worse.
The main symptoms of foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach:
- Pronounced pain. They can be both temporary and permanent. The pain is often accompanied by involuntary contractions of muscle tissue.
- Digestive disorders.
- Loss of appetite.
- Nausea turning into vomiting.
- Bloating.
- Increased gas formation.
- General weakness.
- Pallor of the skin.
- Elevated body temperature.
- Frequent episodes of headache.
- Feeling aches in muscle tissue and joints.
The first alarming sign, which may indicate the development of foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach, is pain that occurs at night, when the organ is empty.
Which doctor should I go to?
If unpleasant symptoms occur, you must make an appointment with a gastroenterologist. The specialist will draw up a referral for diagnosis and, based on the results of studies, will draw up the most effective treatment regimen.
Do not ignore the warning signs, as they can indicate the development of many dangerous diseases. In addition, there are several types of stomach hyperplasia, which can become a provoking factor for the development of malignant pathology.
Diagnostics
In most cases, the disease is detected at a routine examination or during a study prescribed for a completely different reason. The complexity of timely diagnosis of foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach lies in the fact that pathology in the early stages is asymptomatic.
In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor prescribes the following studies:
- FGDS. This is the main way to diagnose pathology. During the study, the doctor has the opportunity to examine the walls of the organ, to identify the degree and nature of its lesion. This allows us to estimate the scale of the pathological process, since the area where the antrum is located and the areas related to the cardia, body and bottom of the organ can be involved in it. Often during FGDS, biomaterial is taken, which is sent for histological analysis. This is necessary to exclude the presence of a malignant process.
- X-ray examination using a contrast medium. Its essence is as follows: the patient is offered to drink a certain amount of barium, after which they take several standard pictures. This allows you to identify the degree of deformation of the folds, polyps. Upon detection of the latter, their sizes and shapes are evaluated.
- Ultrasound This type of study is necessary to establish the root cause of the disease.
In addition, in order to understand whether polyps in the stomach and deformities are dangerous, the doctor prescribes a urine, blood and feces test. The research results allow to exclude the presence of oncology and identify the true cause of the development of the disease.
Drug treatment
The choice of treatment regimen directly depends on the disease, due to which foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach appeared. Very often, it develops while taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this regard, the patient must complete the course of treatment using these medications.
Also often the cause of the development of the disease is the life of the pathogen Helicobacter pylori.
In order to destroy pathogens, doctors prescribe the following medications:
- Antibiotics (for example, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin).
- Drugs that reduce the degree of acid production in the stomach (Omez, Pantoprazole).
- Means, the active substance of which is bismuth (De-Nol, Ulkavis).
The specialist prescribes the drugs and calculates their dosage individually, based on the results of all studies.
In almost all cases, the development of the pathological process is accompanied by the formation of various kinds of growths. First of all, the doctor must determine if the polyps in the stomach are dangerous. If oncology is excluded and the formations are small, treatment is not required. It is only necessary to periodically undergo FGDS to control the course of the disease. If the growths increase in size, the doctor decides on the advisability of surgical intervention.
Surgical treatment
If conservative methods of therapy are ineffective, deformed tissues are removed with obvious signs of hyperplasia.
It can be implemented in several ways:
- Endoscopic.
- Open.
In the first case, the procedure is minimally invasive. The doctor through several incisions in the abdominal cavity introduces endoscopic instruments into the body and removes pathologically altered tissues.
The open method is carried out in a classical way. The doctor dissects the soft tissue with a scalpel. Having gained access, it removes either deformed areas or part of the organ, after which the stump of the stomach remains. After an open procedure, the patient needs special care. This is due to the fact that after surgery in this way there is always a risk of developing an inflammatory process in the stomach or suppuration of sutures.
Power Features
It is possible to reduce the severity of the symptoms of the disease and improve its course by adjusting the diet. In addition, you need to change the diet.
Patients who are diagnosed with any form of gastric hyperplasia must observe the following rules:
- Servings should be small (about 200 grams), but the number of meals should be increased (up to 5-6).
- It is necessary to use only those products that do not have a negative effect on the gastric mucosa. The diet should include cereals, fish and lean meats (of the latter, chicken, turkey and rabbit should be preferred). All dishes should be boiled, stewed, baked or steamed. The food should be warm.
- Completely refuse fried, spicy, smoked, salted, pickled and canned foods. Ignoring this rule will not only reduce the effectiveness of drug therapy, but also significantly worsen the course of the disease, since such dishes inevitably irritate the gastric mucosa. In addition, it is strictly forbidden to drink carbonated and alcohol-containing drinks, strong tea, and coffee.
Patients suffering from gastric hyperplasia should make the diet a part of their lives. Only following its principles will help cure the disease and reduce the risk of relapse to a minimum.
Folk methods
After consulting a doctor, alternative methods of therapy are allowed. The need for a preliminary conversation with a specialist is due to the fact that all healing herbs have a number of contraindications. The doctor will help you choose recipes that will improve the course of the disease and ease the severity of symptoms.
The most effective in treating foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach are chamomile, ginger root and peppermint. Means based on them have antiseptic, analgesic and antispasmodic effects. They also negatively affect the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms and contribute to getting rid of nausea and heartburn.
An effective remedy is also considered an infusion of parsley roots. To prepare it, you need to take 1 tbsp. chopped plants and pour a glass of boiling water (200 ml). Let it brew for several hours. After this time, the tool is filtered and consumed in 1 tbsp. thrice a day.
Forecast
Hyperplasia of the stomach is a pathological process that can develop against the background of many ailments. In this regard, it is erroneous to consider it an independent disease. Before treating foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach, the doctor must find out the cause of its appearance. If it is possible to successfully get rid of the underlying disease, the pathology will recede.
Ignoring the disease can lead to serious consequences. The foveolar form of hyperplasia does not degenerate into a malignant disease, but over time, stomach polyps can form on the mucosa (according to the ICD-10 code, see above). In addition, deformed tissues disrupt the digestive process, and therefore they can become a provoking factor in the development of many other diseases of the digestive system.
Prevention
The main measure to prevent the appearance of hyperplasia is to control the regimen and diet. This is due to the fact that very often the cause of the development of the pathological process becomes a passion for low-quality, fatty, heavy food. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow the treatment regimen for other diseases, avoid getting into stressful situations and lead a mobile lifestyle.
Finally
Foveolar hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa is a pathological process characterized by abnormal proliferation of epithelial tissue cells. The folds of the organ are deformed, their length increases, sometimes polyps form. The body, the bottom, the antrum, and the cardia of the stomach can be involved in the pathological process.
When the first alarming signs appear, you need to contact a gastroenterologist. The doctor will prescribe studies based on the results of which will make the most effective treatment regimen, which may include both conservative and surgical methods.