Anal dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin near the anus. Pathology is accompanied by redness, rash, itching and swelling. Depending on the causes of the disease, it can have a fungal, allergic, bacterial and contact nature. Often, such dermatitis develops against a background of enterobiosis, anal fissures, inflammation of the intestines and hemorrhoids.
Features of the disease
Anal dermatitis is equally often diagnosed in people of different ages and sex. In young children, it appears with improper care and ignoring the rules of intimate hygiene. In adults, this disease is usually associated with abnormalities of the rectum, abnormalities in the intestinal microflora and other pathologies affecting the anus.
In about 6% of all cases, the cause of the disease is candidiasis dysbiosis, in which case the patient needs urgent help from a proctologist and dermatologist.
In order to have a true idea of the pathology, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the photos below with anal dermatitis.
Symptomatology
Signs of anal dermatitis depend, first of all, on the causes of the disease and the characteristics of the body. However, there are general symptoms by which a doctor may suspect a problem. Signs of pathology include:
- redness near the anus and in the area between the buttocks;
- burning and itching of damaged areas;
- pain in places of contact with linen;
- swelling;
- pain during bowel movements.
If there are cracks in the anus or hemorrhoids, spotting will remain on the paper.
Symptoms of anal dermatitis of a bacterial nature are:
- the appearance of specific rashes - vesicles with pus;
- the appearance of moist areas in place of bursting pustules;
- microcracks and crust after drying.
In addition, the clinical picture may be supplemented by other signs:
- strong peeling and white coating in the anus;
- sloppy, wavy borders of damaged areas;
- soreness and too high sensitivity.
Other manifestations
Allergic anal dermatitis is accompanied by:
- severe itching;
- painful rashes;
- the occurrence of erosion and ulcers after bursting papules;
- hypersensitivity of the skin, which also strongly nibbles.
If the cause of the pathology is Jeep disease, fistulas appear in the anus. They provoke the occurrence of pain during bowel movements. In addition, discharge with blood impurities and deviations in the activity of the digestive tract are observed. This pathology is considered extremely rare, it develops due to too long a person is driving a car. With this disease, the risk of complications that can be eliminated only by surgery is significantly increased.
Causes of pathology
Depending on the pathogenesis, doctors distinguish several types of anal dermatitis: fungal, allergic, bacterial and contact. The causes of the onset of pathology lie in internal and external stimuli. Most often, the following factors provoke the disease:
- non-observance of elementary rules of personal hygiene;
- rough mechanical impact on the anus, for example, wearing too tight underwear or hard seams;
- residues of detergents on clothing;
- wearing synthetic underwear;
- passive lifestyle;
- intestinal dysbiosis;
- hemorrhoids;
- imbalance of intestinal microflora;
- indigestion
- the presence of parasites in the body;
- weakened immunity;
- cracks and other damage in the area of the anus;
- malignant neoplasm localized in the rectum.
In addition, anal dermatitis can be caused by some inflammatory diseases, for example, Crohn's disease, Jeep or colitis. In the absence of appropriate treatment, these pathologies can spread to the perianal zone and provoke the appearance of other problems.
Features of the course in children
In newborn babies, anal dermatitis can appear on the background:
- inadequate skin care;
- use of unsuitable cosmetics;
- untimely replacement of diapers;
- low-quality washing.
In addition, synthetic clothing and injuries in the anus area can provoke such a pathology in young children. Most often, babies do not need special treatment. With anal dermatitis in newborns, it is enough just to exclude contact with the irritant and provide the skin with quality care.
However, in order to verify the absence of more serious problems, it is necessary to consult a specialist, undergo appropriate diagnostics and receive recommendations.
Detection
A proctologist and a dermatologist can diagnose anal dermatitis. To establish the correct diagnosis, a specialist needs to perform an examination, prescribe appropriate tests for the presence of fungal and bacterial infections. In addition, you may need:
- analysis of feces for intestinal dysbiosis and the presence of parasites;
- examination of the colon with a probe - colonoscopy;
- X-ray
- fungal scraping test;
- Ultrasound
- examination of the chemical and physical properties of feces.
Sometimes a dermatologist sends patients for supporting studies to other doctors. It is worth saying that any method of treating anal dermatitis without a confirmed diagnosis and unexplained causes will be ineffective.
General principles of therapy
Despite the fact that the treatment of anal dermatitis in adults and children is prescribed taking into account the causes of the disease, there are several principles that every patient must adhere to:
- adhere to simple rules of personal hygiene: it is worth washing after each bowel movement, best with a solution of potassium permanganate or decoctions of herbs;
- wear only cotton underwear;
- refuse to use spicy and smoked dishes: a special diet can make therapy more effective.
How to treat anal dermatitis? Therapy of this disease involves the use of a range of measures that are aimed at eliminating the initial causes and symptoms of the disease. It is worth noting that, without exception, provoking factors, treatment will be ineffective, will not give positive results, and even entail complications. Therapy involves the use of certain medications and visits to physiotherapeutic procedures.
How to treat anal dermatitis
It is noteworthy that this pathology needs therapy that will correspond to the type of disease. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the doctor chooses the appropriate treatment regimen, which involves the use of certain medications.
With bacterial dermatitis, it is advisable to use:
- antihistamines - Suprastin, Claritin, Zirtek, Tavegil;
- local antibacterial drugs - Mycoseptin, Triderm, Doloprokt;
- antibiotics - Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin.
With the helminth form, the use of appropriate anthelmintic medicines is indicated:
- Vermox;
- Piperazine;
- Pirantel
- "Fed".
With allergic dermatitis, the doctor usually prescribes antihistamines:
- "Suprastin";
- Claritin
- Tavegil
- Zirtek.
With a fungal form of pathology, the following method is recommended:
- antimycotics - Candide, Clotrimazole, Exoderil;
- antihistamines - Suprastin, Diazolin, Quifenadine, Tavegil.
How to treat anal dermatitis in children
The treatment regimen in newborn babies should be chosen only by a doctor, taking into account the diagnostic results. An important condition for the effective treatment of dermatitis is the stabilization of the emotional state of the child. Therapy involves the use of sparing drugs that will not harm the overall health of the baby. To facilitate and completely eliminate the manifestations of anal dermatitis, the following are used:
- antihistamines - Tavegil and Diazolin;
- tissue stimulating agents - Bepanten;
- antiseptics - "Drapolen";
- antifungal medicines - "Clotrimazole";
- anthelmintic drugs - "Pirantel".
Among other things, a good result can be achieved with the help of drug therapy in combination with physiotherapeutic procedures: ultrasound, magnetic field, laser and therapeutic baths.
All these measures are aimed at stopping the inflammatory process and normalizing the regeneration of damaged skin areas in the anus.
The presence of chronic intestinal pathologies in the body and dysbiosis are considered an indication for the treatment of a primary disease by a gastroenterologist or proctologist.
Folk recipes
Alternative medication can be used to alleviate and partially alleviate the symptoms of anal dermatitis. For this, ingredients that have an antipruritic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect are used. At the first signs of dermatitis, it is advisable to use one of the suggested recipes:
- Prepare a mixture of chamomile, oak bark and a string, taken one tablespoon each. Pour this cup with a glass of hot water. Insist the product until it turns dark brown. With the prepared solution, moisten the bandage and place it on the anus, leaving it there for half an hour. With dermatitis, it is recommended to repeat this procedure three times a day for two weeks.
- Melt a tablespoon of propolis and add half of it - vegetable oil. Soak the cotton pad with the mixture. Place it in a damaged place. This procedure is preferably carried out 3-4 times a day for two weeks.
- Pour 5 tablespoons of chamomile with a liter of hot water. Insist means should be half an hour. Then pour the solution into a basin of warm water. Place the basin in the prepared bath. The procedure should be 1-2 times a day for 20 minutes. The course of therapy must be continued until the unpleasant symptoms disappear completely.
Complications
In the absence of appropriate treatment, anal dermatitis can turn into a chronic form and entail extremely unpleasant consequences. One of the most serious among them is Jeep disease: it can be not only the cause of dermatitis, but also its complication. With such a disease, purulent vesicles appear in the anus area, which eventually burst and transform into difficultly healing wounds.
The danger of pathology lies in the fact that through a damaged zone a serious infection can enter the body. To prevent all kinds of complications, it is necessary to adhere not only to the doctor's instructions, but also to the rules of prevention.
Preventive actions
First of all, it is extremely important to observe basic hygiene rules. To prevent the development of anal dermatitis, you should also adhere to some other recommendations:
- change baby diapers and underwear on time;
- choosing underwear for daily use, try to give preference to natural materials;
- provide the body with optimal physical activity every day;
- in the process of washing underwear, use hypoallergenic products;
- systematically strengthen immunity;
- make a balanced, healthy diet;
- periodically take tests for the timely detection of parasites in the body;
- Be sure to treat chronic and infectious pathologies;
- for hygiene, use delicate, soft, hypoallergenic cosmetics;
- when identifying the first symptoms, immediately contact a specialist - proctologist or dermatologist.