🤷🏼 🌾 ⛅️ Anaphylactic shock: symptoms, emergency care 🧙🏾 🐇 🕴🏽

Many people believe that allergies pose no danger. To some extent this is true. However, some of its species are fatal. An example is anaphylactic shock. You can save lives only with the right first aid. That is why every person should know the symptoms, the causes, and the course of action.

What it is?

A shock is the reaction of an organism that can occur to various allergens. Most often, her food, medicine, injections, bites cause her. Sometimes this type of shock can develop in a few minutes, sometimes - after a few hours.

The mechanism of an allergic reaction consists of two processes at once. Sensitization occurs first. That is, at first, the system detects the presence of an allergen, respectively, it begins to produce proteins called immunoglobulins. The second process is the allergic reaction itself. If allergens enter the body again, a specific condition is caused. Sometimes this can end with the death of the patient. When an allergy occurs, the body begins to secrete histamines. These substances cause itching, burning, dilate blood vessels, so they are very dangerous. In assisting with anaphylactic shock, you need to understand that the first and most important action should be the neutralization of the allergen. If you know the signs of this condition, then you can help a person.

Symptomatology

It should be noted that this allergic reaction can manifest itself in different ways. In addition to the usual rashes during shock, fever, itching, swelling, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, darkening in the eyes, cramps, breathing problems and the body as a whole, and so on, can be observed. Most often, feet, hips, back, palms and stomach suffer from rashes. Sometimes the development of anaphylactic shock is perceived as a symptom of other diseases, so first aid can be quite difficult. Accordingly, serious complications can occur.

You need to understand that the most important indicators of allergy development are a rash, fever, cramps and decreased pressure. If you do not immediately intervene in this symptomatology and do not help a person, then this will probably lead to his death.

What causes an anaphylactic reaction?

Most often, people who are prone to allergies suffer from this condition. This list should include the appearance of a runny nose for various reasons, dermatitis and so on. If you are prone to allergies, avoid contact with substances that cause a negative reaction of the body.

If a person has already experienced anaphylactic shock once, then he must always keep a first-aid kit with him. The most common allergens should be noted insects, animals, some reaction products (milk, honey, eggs and fish, drugs), phytoallergens (flowering plants or pollen), as well as substances that are of synthetic or natural origin.

Shock Forms

Given that this reaction manifests itself in different ways, several forms are distinguished at once.

Typical. In this case, histamines are released into the blood. Accordingly, a person begins to feel dizzy, swelling, fever, itching and rash itself appear, and pressure also decreases. Weakness can be observed, as well as a panic fear of death.
Cerebral form. She's pretty serious. With it, the brain swells, convulsions appear, a person loses consciousness.
The nutritional form is associated with digestive problems. Among the symptoms should be noted the presence of swelling, especially the lips and tongue. Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps may also occur.
There are shock, which is provoked by physical exertion. In this case, the symptoms described above are manifested.
The last form of anaphylactic shock is an allergy, which gives a complication to the respiratory system. Accordingly, a person begins to block his nose, a cough appears, the throat swells, it is difficult for him to breathe. If first aid is not provided immediately when an allergy occurs, then the patient will die of suffocation after some time.

Another shock is divided into 4 degrees. The most dangerous are 3 and 4. With them, a person is in an unconscious state, and treatment is almost ineffective. Very rarely, these degrees develop immediately when an allergy occurs. They become the result of improperly rendered assistance or unproven at all at 1-2 degrees.

Stages of shock

Symptoms of anaphylactic shock differ due to the existing stages in which a person may be.

The precursor period manifests itself in this way: a person develops nausea, dizziness, weakness, fainting, rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. Anxiety, numbness of the limbs, face, breathing problems are also observed. A person may have impaired vision and hearing.
The peak period is characterized by a drop in pressure, the appearance of pallor, tachycardia, quite noisy breathing, sticky sweat, itching. Also, a person may stop urine, or vice versa, incontinence will appear.

With a successful treatment, the patient leaves the state of shock in a few days. He may have poor appetite, dizziness, and weakness.

Severity

It should be noted that the algorithm of care for anaphylactic shock completely depends on the severity of the disease.

With a mild course, the pressure drops to 90/60. The first period lasts up to 15 minutes. A person can lose consciousness for a while, while only a couple of seconds, also this degree is well treatable.
With regards to moderate severity, the pressure drops to 60/40. The precursor period lasts up to 5 minutes. A person can lose consciousness for a period of 10 to 20 minutes. The effect of treatment is rather slow, the patient requires a very long observation.
In a severe course, it is impossible to determine the pressure, the first period lasts literally seconds, the patient loses consciousness for more than half an hour, and the effect of treatment is completely absent.

Symptoms of a mild course

It is important to be able to provide emergency care for anaphylactic shock. It will be the simplest with a light course. It is necessary to get rid of the allergen and suppress the symptoms. With mild shock, the initial symptoms develop in the first 15 minutes. A person develops swelling, and the localization is huge. A burning sensation is felt throughout the body, rashes, itching may appear. The larynx swells, respectively, the voice becomes hoarse.

In this case, the patient may have time to inform his relatives that he has tachycardia, a feeling of decreased pressure, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bowel movements. Some patients may even have bronchospasm, which manifests itself as a rather difficult exhalation and loud wheezing. The skin becomes pale, there is pain in the lower back, head, lips go numb, tongue, dizziness begins, vision decreases. A person may complain that he suddenly has a fear of death.

Moderate stage

If the patient already has a moderate stage, then it is urgent to begin to provide assistance. With anaphylactic shock of this severity, convulsions are observed, after which the patient loses consciousness, pressure becomes quite low, bradycardia or tachycardia is observed, bleeding may begin, with internal or from the nose, as well as involuntary urination or defecation. Pupils expand, swelling appears, weakness, sticky sweat appears, rashes are observed.

Severe course

Medical care for severe anaphylactic shock already in principle has no role. The fact is that this form develops almost instantly, the patient does not have time to share his complaints, because he loses consciousness in just a few seconds. It is reasonable to provide assistance only during the first minutes. Otherwise, death awaits the patient.

The patient has symptoms such as dilated pupils, pallor, skin cyanosis, cramps, whistling when breathing, the pulse is not felt, and blood pressure is lost. It is impossible to measure.

Diagnostics

In order for the recommendations for anaphylactic shock to work, it is necessary to conduct an instant diagnosis. It should be noted that the symptoms of shock are quite easily confused with other diseases. The main conditions for a correct diagnosis are a true history. An enzyme immunoassay is necessary. You should also take a general blood test, which will let you know how much red blood cells and white blood cells are in the body. It is important to pay attention to the eosinophil counts. A biochemical blood test is also performed. Thanks to him, you can find out the state of hepatic and renal enzymes. It is absolutely necessary to do a chest x-ray in order to understand if there is pulmonary edema. If the patient cannot name the causes of the shock, then allergological tests must be prescribed, in addition, it is necessary to consult an allergist.

First aid first aid

If a person has a suspicion that he or his loved one will soon begin to show symptoms of shock, you must immediately call an ambulance. Most often, it is the professional actions of doctors that help save a person’s life. Consider the algorithm of measures for anaphylactic shock.

It is necessary to eliminate the allergen. Be sure to do this right away. Therefore, it is important to know how it got into the body. If poisoning has occurred, it is necessary to rinse the stomach; if a person was bitten by a bee, then draw out the sting.
Next, the patient must be put on his back. His legs should be raised.
If a person begins vomiting or cramping, it is necessary to turn his head to the side. This will allow him not to swallow the tongue, and also not to choke on the vomit.
It is necessary to open a window or door in order for fresh air to enter.
If there is no breathing and pulse, then you must definitely have a heart massage.
If a person has experienced anaphylactic shock in response to a bite of an insect, then it is necessary to bandage his wound above the lesion. This will prevent the spread of poison further through the body. It should be noted that if you get a similar allergen, you need to chop the place in a circle with adrenaline. With anaphylactic shock, this will help to avoid many dangerous manifestations. It is necessary to make about 5-6 injections, injecting 0.3 ml each time. Similar doses of adrenaline are sold ready-made in pharmacies.
If it is not possible to enter exactly adrenaline, then you can use an antihistamine or hormones.

You need to be able to provide first aid for shock and recognize its symptoms. This will save the patient’s life in emergency situations.

Emergency medical care

Consider the emergency care algorithm for anaphylactic shock.

Be sure to check vital functions. That is, pressure, pulse should be measured.
If the patient is in the hospital, then electrocardiography is urgently performed and oxygen saturation is performed.
It is necessary to check the condition of the respiratory tract and remove all vomit from the mouth. This ensures air permeability.
It is also necessary to fix the lower jaw to make tracheal intubation.
If Quincke's edema or a spasm in the throat is observed, it is necessary to conduct a special procedure, the essence of which is to cut the larynx between the special cartilages to allow fresh air.
A tracheotomy is also done.
Next, you need to enter adrenaline if there is a clearly identified place in which the allergen has fallen. If this is an insect bite, then it must be chopped off from all sides with a diluted adrenaline solution. Next, you need to enter up to 5 ml of the same mixture under the root of the tongue. If not possible, then it can be done intravenously. The remainder of the solution must be diluted with physiological and put a dropper with it. In this case, the pressure level should be monitored.
It is absolutely necessary to administer steroids. The doctor should use the hormones of the adrenal cortex.
Antihistamines are also given. Over time, when a person begins to feel better, they switch to pills.
It is necessary to do inhalation with moistened oxygen. The speed should be no more than 7 liters per minute.
Continuing to provide emergency care for anaphylactic shock, it is necessary to enter “Eufillin” up to 10 mg. This will get rid of respiratory failure, if any.
If acute vascular insufficiency develops, which is the cause of the redistribution of blood, it is necessary to introduce special solutions. These are colloidal and crystalloid.
In order to prevent pulmonary and cerebral edema, diuretics must be taken. If a cerebral form of shock is observed, then doctors prescribe tranquilizers, as well as anticonvulsants.

Such an emergency care algorithm for anaphylactic shock will help save a person.

Treatment features

First aid should be given immediately. If the patient develops a similar condition, then he needs to be observed in a hospital. Doctors must restore the health of all organs that have been damaged. The respiratory system, nervous or digestive can suffer.

First you need to stop the production of substances such as histamine. After all, it is they who poison the body. For this, doctors should use antihistamines. If there are any symptoms, then antispasmodics or anticonvulsants should be used.

Treatment for anaphylactic shock usually lasts several days. However, it should be noted that after the elimination of symptoms and the condition itself, you need to be observed by a doctor for about a month.

It should be remembered that if the symptoms have been eliminated, this does not mean that the person has completely recovered. Sometimes shock can return in a week. That is why, if a patient was shocked, he must go to the hospital.

Effects

If it is incorrect to provide first aid for anaphylactic shock, then a person may experience some complications. After the patient has resolved heart and respiratory failure, some symptoms may still persist. For example, intellectual functions can deteriorate sharply, as a person has had prolonged hypoxia, that is, starvation, of the brain. Accordingly, a headache may occur. At the same time, nootropic drugs are prescribed. It must be understood that relief from anaphylactic shock is quite important.

At the injection or bite site, hematoma and swelling can occur, so it is necessary to use special ointments and gels in order to get rid of them. Heparin ointment is great. Due to shock, the heart is disturbed, so chest pain can occur.

Reduced blood pressure may persist for a long time after stopping the first symptoms. Abdominal discomfort, heart pain, fever, lethargy, weakness, fatigue and lethargy may also persist. Sometimes late complications may occur that occur after about 2 weeks.

Quincke's edema, redness, rashes, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis, hepatitis and so on may appear. Moreover, it should be noted that such complications often lead to death. You also need to pay attention that if a person has repeated contact with allergic substances that caused him this condition the previous time, then diseases such as lupus, periarthritis and so on may develop.

Preventative measures

The algorithm for anaphylactic shock has already been described above. Now we need to describe the measures taken to avoid such a condition.

In order not to get into an unpleasant situation, you must always carry a dose of adrenaline with you.
Any places where allergens may be present should be avoided. Especially when it comes to pets or plants.
It is necessary to eat food with caution. Even a small amount of an allergic substance can lead to shock.
Your acquaintances and friends must be warned about the disease. They should be able to provide first aid in case something happens. Especially they need to be able to crush their panic.
Visiting any doctors, in the treatment of other diseases it is necessary to talk about your allergies. Otherwise, you can ensure that the doctor prescribes a drug that is contraindicated in shock.
Self-medication is strictly prohibited.

Shock is a severe manifestation of an allergy. Compared with other species, this form is the most dangerous, and mortality is at a high level.

Secondary prevention

You should know what actions to take in case of anaphylactic shock. This is pretty important. You also need to understand what preventive measures should be taken.

In order to stop attacks, it is necessary to regularly conduct an examination with an allergist.
It is necessary to timely treat dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, eczema and so on.
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Tertiary Prevention

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It is necessary to take into account the age of the patient. Especially it concerns cardiac, sedatives, as well as antihypertensive compounds. The dosage of the latter for elderly patients should be reduced at least twice, when compared with the norms for a young person.
At the same time, you can not inject multiple drugs.
The appointment of a new agent can only be assigned after its effect on the body has been evaluated.

In this case, first aid for anaphylactic shock can be provided quite simply.

If a person has a fungal infection, then penicillin antibiotics are best not prescribed. This is due to the fact that these two substances have common antigenic determinants.

You can not prescribe several medications that are identical in chemical composition, especially when it comes to chronological effects.
Carefully consider all contraindications of prescribed medications in order to take into account the risk of allergies.
It is best to prescribe antibiotics only if studies of microbiologists have already been obtained, and also the sensitivity of the body to pathogens has been determined.
Also, if antibiotics need to be dissolved, it is best to use either saline or distilled water. This is due to the fact that sometimes the use of procaine causes a rather severe allergy.
It is necessary to periodically check the condition of the kidneys and liver. If there are any diseases, then you need to undergo a course of treatment.
It is necessary to control the content of white blood cells in the blood. Before conducting any drug therapy, it is necessary to administer antihistamines before administering the drug at least a few days and then 30 minutes later.
If there are relevant indicators, then you still need to enter calcium and steroids.

Necessarily in the procedural should be anti-shock first-aid kits. You should also note one feature. It is impossible to place in one room patients who have experienced a recurrence of shock, with patients who are injected with drugs that cause allergies in the former. It should also be noted that the doctor, when the patient is discharged from the hospital, must note that the person is allergic to drugs. Thanks to her, any specialist will understand what actions should be taken in case of anaphylactic shock.

Conclusion

At the moment, the environmental situation in the world and directly the way of life of people leave much to be desired. That is why allergies occur in many. Every 10 inhabitants of our planet have a similar reaction to allergens. Young people are especially affected. That is why every person should understand and know the algorithms of first aid for anaphylactic shock. It is she who, we repeat, saves a person’s life. It is also best to have an anti-allergic first-aid kit at home to be always ready. After all, shock can affect anyone.

Anaphylactic shock: symptoms, emergency care