"Gentamicin" in ampoules acts as an antibacterial drug from the category of aminoglycosides, widely used in various infectious diseases. This tool has been successfully used in pediatric practice, and this is far from the first decade.
In 1 milliliter of the Gentamicin solution in ampoules contains 40 milligrams of gentamicin sulfate, which is the active substance of this medication.
About the drug
The principle of action of the main component of "Gentamicin" in ampoules is as follows: when the drug enters the body, the protein synthesis of bacterial elements is blocked, thereby preventing their further reproduction. The medicine disrupts the transmission of genetic information by pathogenic organisms. Thus, the substance has a bacteriostatic effect. In large doses, the drug leads to a violation of the integrity of the bacterial cell membranes, thereby causing the death of the infectious agent and producing a bactericidal effect.
The following pathogenic organisms are effectively eliminated with gentamicin in ampoules: E. coli along with Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Gentamicin sulfate can be taken for a long time, without fear of the rapid emergence in parasites of resistance to this drug. True, one should remember about high nephrotoxicity, that is, we are talking about the negative effect of the drug on the kidneys of patients and the auditory nerve. Therefore, for young children, this substance is extremely dangerous for a period of more than a week.
When ingested, a uniform distribution of the drug in the tissues of the body and in the extracellular fluid is observed. "Gentamicin" can penetrate the placental barrier, which must be considered in case of pregnancy. A large proportion of the drug (approximately ninety percent) is excreted from the human body through the kidneys, and the remaining 10% through the bile ducts.
Indications
Indications for treatment with "Gentamicin" in ampoules can be various conditions in patients. The instructions indicate diseases that require the use of the drug parenterally (via intravenous injection or intramuscular injection):
- The presence of acute infectious and inflammatory diseases that affect the digestive system (we are talking about cholecystitis and cholangitis), genitourinary (pyelonephritis along with cystitis and prostatitis), respiratory system (pneumonia or pleural empyema), bones and joints.
- In case of severe conditions that threaten the lives of patients, that is, with sepsis, peritonitis, wound infection and so on.
- Against the background of purulent processes of connective tissues and skin, that is, with abscesses and boils, as well as with osteomyelitis.
- This drug can be used in case of pyoderma, folliculitis and furunculosis.
- The medicine is effective in the presence of infected wounds, cuts, burns and bites.
- Against the background of staphylococcal sycosis, seborrheic dermatitis, complicated by a bacterial infection.
- In the presence of profuse acne and a secondary infection of the skin.
- In addition, the substance in question can be used in the treatment of blepharitis, purulent conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis and meibomite as directed by a specialist.
There is an additional complex of drugs, which consists of betamethasone, clotrimazole and gentamicin. Similar drugs are prescribed for such dermatological pathologies:
- Allergic or simple dermatitis, complicated by the attachment of a bacterial infection.
- Limited and diffuse neurodermatitis.
- The combination of gentamicin with betamethasone and clotrimazole is considered highly effective in eczema against the background of multi-colored lichen.
What else does the instruction for Gentamicin in ampoules tell us?
Contraindications
The medication in question cannot be used in a number of cases:
- With hypersensitivity (including to other aminoglycosides).
- Against the background of neuritis of the auditory nerve.
- In case of severe kidney failure of a chronic nature with azotemia and uremia.
- Against the background of myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus, otitis media.
- During lactation or bearing a child, the medication is used only in case of emergency.
It is forbidden to prescribe this drug simultaneously or sequentially with other nephrotoxic medications, and in addition, with loop diuretics. With great care, “Gentamicin” in ampoules is prescribed to patients with parkinsonism, botulism (the fact is that aminoglycosides can cause a violation of nerve and muscle transmission, which leads to a further weakening of the skeletal muscle tone). With concern, it is used for dehydration. It is also prescribed to newborns, nursing mothers, and people aged only if absolutely necessary.
Instructions "Gentamicin" in ampoules and dosage
In children's practice, gentamicin sulfate is prescribed only by the attending physician after examining and assessing the condition of the child. In the instructions for the drug, it is noted that the dosage is selected in each case strictly individually. Doctors also take into account the nature of the disease along with the severity of its course, the localization of the focus and the sensitivity of pathogenic agents to the antibiotic. It is worth noting that Gentamicin is often prescribed in ampoules. After intramuscular injection, the substance quickly enters the bloodstream, and maximum plasma concentrations are reached in half an hour.
The instructions for use by "Gentamicin" in ampoules indicate that with the parenteral administration method (intravenous or intramuscular), the daily dosage of the antibiotic is from 3 to 5 milligrams per kilogram of weight for adult patients. This amount of funds should be divided into three doses. The described medicine is prescribed, as a rule, for a maximum of a week.
Children how to use the tool?
For children over the age of two, injections of the Gentamicin antibiotic in ampoules can be administered at 5 milligrams per kilogram per day, dividing into three doses. This antibiotic can be prescribed to newborn babies (including premature infants). The daily rate in this case is prescribed individually, and can range from 2 to 5 milligrams per kilogram of weight. The dosage of "Gentamicin" in ampoules should be strictly observed.
In the event that the crumbs have a violation in the functioning of the urinary organs, then in this situation a dosage adjustment with a decrease in the daily amount of the drug will be required. Next, we find out that those who have already taken it on the Internet are reporting the antibiotic in question. Is it considered an effective medicine?
Reviews about this drug
As patients report in their comments, this medication is a highly effective drug that helps with a wide range of various diseases. True, the described substance has some negative manifestations.
For example, reviews of "Gentamicin" in ampoules indicate that often, against the background of prescribing the drug, some side effects from the digestive system may develop in the form of nausea, vomiting and liver dysfunction, in this connection, an increase in the enzymes of this organ and bilirubin.
Sometimes dizziness may occur along with headaches and increased drowsiness, as well as hearing loss and the appearance of symptoms of damage to the vestibular apparatus. With prolonged administration of this medicine in high dosages, according to patients, cochlear neuritis, that is, irreversible deafness, may develop.
Among other things, there are complaints about problems in the work of the organs of the genitourinary system. For example, people have proteinuria or microhematuria, when a small amount of blood is fixed in the urine. Kidney failure may even develop.
It is also noted that the development of allergic reactions in the form of skin rash, urticaria, and Quincke edema is possible. To avoid this, before doing injections of "Gentamicin", it is recommended to conduct a screening test. To do this, apply a small scratch on the skin of the forearm with a scarifier or a needle and drop a few drops of the drug on it. After this, the reaction should be monitored for thirty minutes. In the event that redness and local edema are not observed, the drug can be administered and used for treatment.
Doctors, in turn, in the reviews report that the medication in question can sometimes cause the development of anemia in patients along with a decrease in the form elements, namely platelets and leukocytes.
Gentamicin analogs in ampoules
To date, in pharmacies you can find a number of all kinds of analogues, in which the active component is represented by the antibacterial substance of the aminoglycoside series. First of all, it is worth calling Haramycin along with Gentamicin-Teva, Gentamicin-Akos, Gentatsikol, Septop, Gentsin and the like. It is worth noting that all the new generation Gentamicin analogues in ampoules have a similar mechanism of action along with the dosage regimen, indications and contraindications.
Does it belong to a new generation of drugs?
It must be emphasized that the drug is not considered a new generation of antibiotics, however, it is widely used at present for the treatment of microbial diseases. In this regard, the pharmaceutical market today presents a large number of products, which include the substance gentamicin. And we are talking not only about injectable solutions, but also about creams, ointments, eye drops and so on.
"Gentamicin" in 80 mg ampoules affects the genetic information embedded in the cells of the causative agent of the disease. The active ingredient can be absorbed into the tissues of the human body in a short time, triggering its antibacterial effect.
In most situations, the medication is well tolerated, but can cause an allergic reaction. The advantage is that this antibiotic can be taken by children from birth. For this, there is a special dosage calculation scheme. The active ingredient in question is widely used in veterinary medicine. It helps animals get rid of infections and normalizes the functioning of the intestines and stomach as well.
Overdose with this medication
Symptoms of the onset of this, as a rule, are nausea along with vomiting, nephrotoxic and ototoxic manifestations, blockade of nerve and muscle conduction (that is, respiratory arrest is possible).
As part of the treatment of such consequences, adults are given intravenous anticholinesterase drugs (for example, Proserinum), as well as calcium products (ten percent chloride of 5 or 10 milliliters). Before using the medicine, Atropine is pre-administered intravenously in a dosage of 0.5 to 0.7 milligrams. An increased heart rate can be expected, and after two minutes, 3 milliliters of a 0.05% solution is administered intravenously.
In the event that the effectiveness of this dosage is insufficient, the same amount of Prozerin is re-introduced (against the background of the appearance of bradycardia, an additional injection of Atropine is given). Children use calcium supplements. In severe respiratory depression situations, artificial or assisted ventilation may be required.
Excess substances can be eliminated through hemodialysis (which is more effective) or peritoneal dialysis. In the first case, every four to six hours, the concentration decreases by fifty percent. During dialysis
for forty-eight to seventy-two hours, twenty-five percent of the dose is excreted.
The interaction of this drug with other drugs
The medication in question is incompatible with certain drugs. Therefore, it can not be mixed with them in the same syringe, it is also required to administer an antibiotic in various parts of the body. For example, you should not combine it with other aminoglycosides - “Heparin”, “Amphotericin”, “Ampicillin”, “Carbenicillin”, “Cloxacillin”, “Capreomycin” and so on.
With the simultaneous use of Gentamicin with drugs such as Cyclosporin, Clindamycin, Piperacillin, Methoxifluran, Foscarnet and Cisplatin, the risk of kidney impairment and, in addition, auditory and vestibular apparatus. It is also worth noting, among other things, that the antibiotic in question increases the muscle relaxant effect of curariform-like medications (these are muscle relaxants).
We examined the instructions for use for "Gentamicin" in ampoules, found out the indications, contraindications and side effects. Only a doctor can prescribe the drug, self-medication with this tool is unacceptable due to possible side effects.