Angina of Vincent-Simanovsky-Plaut is a necrotic lesion of the tonsils, provoked by a spindle-shaped wand. Often, such a disease occurs in people who are exhausted and weakened by previous diseases. Especially often it manifests itself with a lack of consumption of foods that are rich in proteins and amino acids.
Features of the disease
Angina of Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent refers to ulcerative necrotic lesion of the mucous membrane of the mouth and larynx. The outbreak of this disease was first recorded in 1888 in Finland, but a detailed description of its symptoms and course was made much later.
The causative agent of angina of Simanovsky-Vincent is spindle-shaped bacilli, as well as spirochetes. These microorganisms are present in the oral cavity of each person and become pathogenic only under certain conditions, for example:
- weakening of the immune system;
- insufficient oral hygiene;
- alcoholism.
Most often, this disease occurs in emaciated and weakened people. Sometimes it can be epidemic in nature. Cases were recorded when the development of the pathological process was due to the presence in the oral cavity of carious teeth, gingivitis, periodontitis and many other diseases that contribute to the multiplication of pathogens.
Why does the disease have such a name
Diseases that bear the names and surnames of doctors appear only if the specialist has described in detail the rare form of the disease. These include the infectious, necrotic-ulcerative tonsillitis of Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent. For the first time, her symptoms were described by the Russian otolaryngologist - Simanovsky. The research was continued by the French doctors Vincent and Plaut, who managed to isolate the causative agent of this disease.
This stick is present in the mouth of every person, however, inflammatory processes begin only when it actively multiplies.
Causes of occurrence
The causes and symptoms of Simanovsky-Vincent sore throat may be different, therefore it is important to take into account the provoking factors, and also to recognize the onset of the pathological process in a timely manner, since it can provoke serious complications. This is a fairly rare disease that occurs in about 3-5 people out of a thousand. It is characterized by purulent-necrotic lesion of the tonsils. In general, the inflammatory process affects only one side, but there may be a bilateral lesion.
Necrotic tonsillitis occurs mainly as a result of a previous infectious lesion of the oral mucosa, but it can also manifest as an independent disease. There are several factors that can trigger the formation of ulcer-necrotic tonsillitis Simanovsky-Vincent, for example, such:
- deterioration of the immune system against the background of past illnesses;
- worms;
- systemic blood diseases;
- overwork;
- prolonged exposure to stress;
- metabolic disorders;
- lack of nutrients;
- infectious diseases.
In addition, the disease can occur in people suffering from malignant neoplasms, radiation sickness and leukemia. The formation of ulcers and necrotic lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tonsils may also indicate poor oral hygiene.
Angina Vincent-Simanovsky can be primary or secondary. Suppuration of gums and caries can provoke the occurrence of the primary form of the disease. A secondary infection is diagnosed with scarlet fever, diphtheria and other serious infectious diseases.
The main symptoms
Symptoms of angina of Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent directly depend on the degree of damage to the tonsils. Among the characteristic signs of the course of the disease, the following can be distinguished:
- enlargement of the tonsils;
- temperature rise;
- bad breath;
- plaque on tonsils;
- sores;
- increased salivation.
With a mild course of the disease, the symptoms are similar to pharyngitis, which makes it even more insidious. This form of the pathological process is characterized by a slight increase in temperature, the absence of pain during swallowing, a feeling of soreness and dry mouth. The areas of redness are very pronounced and localized on the surface of the tonsils, there is also a slight increase in the lymph nodes in the neck, but they are completely painless.
With the occurrence of necrotic tonsillitis of moderate severity, the disease resembles tonsillitis. The characteristic features of such a disease are:
- temperature rise;
- swollen lymph nodes;
- severe sore throat;
- visual examination shows swelling and redness;
- the mucous membranes of the glands become covered with whitish spots.
Symptoms of a severe form are characterized by the fact that the disease very quickly develops into complications. Among the main signs of the disease are the following:
- patients have a high fever;
- inflammation quickly spreads to the oral cavity;
- plaque is easily removed, ulcers form;
- swallowing causes severe pain;
- not only the mucous membrane, but also muscle, vascular and connective tissue is affected.
Complications are rare enough, however, it is important to properly diagnose and treat to quickly get rid of necrotic lesions.
Diagnostics
Initially, the doctor conducts a visual examination, and also clarifies the existing symptoms. Be sure to tell in detail about everything, since the correctness of the diagnosis depends on this in many respects.
After collecting an anamnesis, a specialist examines the throat with a pharyngoscope and palpation of the cervical lymph nodes. In order to determine the number of leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes in the blood, as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a clinical blood test is prescribed.
To detect the causative agent of the disease and determine its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, antibacterial culture from the nose and throat is prescribed. In order to study the body's immune responses, a serological examination is performed.
Treatment features
The peculiarity of the treatment of angina of Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent largely depends on the form of its course, as well as the presence of complications. In uncomplicated forms, the patient is in the hospital of the infectious diseases department for 1-3 weeks. Initially, it is necessary to ensure that the pathological process does not spread deep into the oral cavity and adjacent tissues.
During the treatment, medications, traditional medicine, vitamin therapy, inhalation are used, and it is also necessary to follow a special diet, which will allow for a faster recovery.
The use of drug therapy
Treatment of angina is quite long and requires strict observance of all doctor's prescriptions. Antibacterial drugs and their dosage are selected strictly individually, only after bacteriological analysis. The following drugs are considered the most effective:
- penicillins ("Amoxicillin");
- cephalosporins ("Cefazolin", "Ceftriaxone");
- macrolides (Sumamed, Erythromycin).
With the correct use of antibacterial drugs, signs of necrotic tonsillitis pass literally in 3-4 days. To achieve recovery, you need to undergo a full course of antibacterial therapy, which is prescribed by the attending doctor. Often, macrolides are prescribed to patients, since they are less aggressive and have a minimal negative effect on the stomach and intestines.
In addition, macrolides differ from other antibacterial agents in low toxicity, but have a good antimicrobial effect. It is advisable to administer medications intramuscularly, but the patient's age, weight and severity of the disease must be taken into account.
In addition to the internal use of drugs, a local effect on the focus of inflammation is required. To do this, daily treatment of the affected areas with hydrogen peroxide is carried out, and you also need to gargle 4-5 times with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, spray with sprays with an antibacterial effect. It is necessary to lubricate the glands with a solution of iodine and other iodine-containing drugs.
To get the maximum effect from the therapy, a course of physiotherapeutic procedures is prescribed. The duration of such treatment is at least 10 days. If necessary, the course of physiotherapy procedures should be repeated.
Traditional medicine
Treatment of angina Vincent-Simanovsky folk remedies must necessarily be combined with antibacterial therapy. For gargling, it is recommended to use immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory drugs and decoctions, for example:
- decoction of leaves or branches of raspberries;
- aloe;
- onion and garlic;
- salt solution;
- strong sugar solution;
- inhalation with herbal decoctions.
People prone to diseases of the throat should definitely worry about their immunity, carefully observe oral hygiene and treat dental diseases.
Dieting
With angina of Vincent-Simanovsky, not only competent treatment is required, but also diet. Since the patient experiences severe sore throat during the course of the disease and it is difficult for him to swallow, then all food consumed should be soft and warm. Products should not contain aggressive components that will irritate the mucous membrane of the throat. In addition, the diet must be enriched with vitamins and proteins.
If the patient neglects the diet, this can significantly delay the healing process, which can lead to the development of various complications.
Prophylaxis
In order not to carry out a long and expensive treatment, certain preventive measures must be taken. Among the preventive measures are the following:
- proper and balanced nutrition is required;
- monitor the health of the oral cavity;
- take vitamin preparations.
Be sure to worry about strengthening immunity, as well as timely treatment of diseases that can lead to its weakening.
Possible complications
The consequences of the disease can be very dangerous. If the disease lasts for a long time, then the superficial sores begin to become deeper and in their form resemble craters that extend beyond the glands.
In some cases, this can lead to destruction of the bone wall, which provokes very serious bleeding. The disease can affect the gum tissue, as well as the tongue, which leads to their necrosis. This disease is very dangerous during pregnancy, which leads to oxygen starvation of the fetus, as well as a miscarriage.