One of the most common ENT pathologies in preschool children are grade 2 adenoids. If you do not detect and treat the disease in a timely manner, then it can lead to serious consequences. The most radical method of treatment is surgical, but medication will also help, especially in the early stages.
What are adenoids?
Adenoids are formed as a result of significant growths of the palatine tonsil, which leads to unpleasant sensations, and the child has breathing problems. This pathology is bacterial and is often observed in children from 3 to 7 years. It is adenoid tissue that helps in the fight against infections that enter the body during breathing, and is a kind of trap for them. But under the influence of pathogenic bacteria, it can swell, but with improvement it decreases.
Most parents confuse the symptoms of the disease with a common cold and do not give it special attention, they try to cure the child on their own. It is impossible to diagnose adenoids without a full examination by an otolaryngologist. Only according to its results, the doctor prescribes the correct treatment.
There are 3 degrees of the disease:
- 1st degree - if the tonsil, having increased, covers only 1/3 of the choan (internal holes in the nose). Breathing is difficult only during a night's sleep.
- Pathology of the 2nd degree is diagnosed when the openings are 1/2 blocked, and it is difficult for children to breathe around the clock.
- At the 3rd degree of vegetation (growth), they are so large that the holes are closed by 2/3 or completely. At the same time, respiratory, hearing, and speech disorders are noted.
Causes
An organism with a weakened immune system is more susceptible to their formation. Grade 2 adenoids form if these factors are present:
- the penetration of infectious bacteria into the body and the development of diseases, for example, whooping cough, flu, scarlet fever;
- hereditary factor;
- chronic diseases of the upper respiratory organs;
- weak immunity;
- lack of necessary treatment for the first degree of the disease.
Characteristic symptoms
Frequent headaches may indicate grade 2 adenoids.
To find out that your child has problems can be, if you detect these signs:
- difficult breathing through the nose, can be detected at night and in the afternoon;
- compensatory mouth breathing;
- severe snoring, sniffling;
- sleep impairment;
- frequent headaches;
- poor school performance;
- deterioration of memorization processes, decreased attention.
When a secondary infection attaches, this ailment can be accompanied by an increase in temperature. There may also be discharge of pus from the sinuses with adenoids of the 2nd degree in the child.
Diagnostics
To accurately determine the cause, make an accurate diagnosis and identify the degree of pathological processes, the child must undergo all necessary examinations, as well as consult a doctor.
- Adenoids are palpated and their consistency is determined. The doctor examines the nasopharyngeal arch using a special speculum. It is also necessary to consider that if the child has a strong gag reflex, then this procedure will be quite difficult.
- X-rays will reveal the exact size of the adenoids. But there is no need to rush with this method of examination, because the child can receive a dose of radiation.
- Endoscopy Such a method can make it possible to determine the degree of pathology of adenoids, determine the condition and functions of the Eustachian tube.
- Sowing from the throat. This study is performed if a bacterial infection is suspected. After confirming the presence of an infectious pathogen, it will be cultured in order to find out the degree of sensitivity to antibiotics.
Possible complications
One of the possible complications of grade 2 adenoids is a violation of auditory perception.
Inflamed adenoids affect the overall development of the child. If proper treatment is not available, then the child may have serious and dangerous consequences:
- possible impaired speech and hearing;
- urinary incontinence;
- bronchial asthma;
- allergic reaction;
- a delay in the development of fine and large motor skills;
- impaired mental development.
Is surgery for grade 2 adenoids necessary? About it further.
Signs of pathological enlargement
Problems with adenoid growth are especially relevant in children aged from one year to 14-15 years. Often, pathology is observed in preschool children. What symptoms can parents notice that their children have adenoid vegetation? The attention of parents should attract these signs:
- the baby sleeps with his mouth open ;
- the child often has prolonged runny nose, which is very difficult to cure;
- the child breathes through the mouth;
- speech becomes nasal (nasal);
- there is no runny nose, but the nose is blocked;
- hearing loss;
- urinary incontinence;
- the child becomes irritable, lethargic, lags behind in school due to a decrease in concentration of attention;
- temporary respiratory arrest may occur at night;
- the child refuses outdoor games, as it is hard for him to breathe with his mouth;
- the child often suffers from otitis media and colds.
Reviews of grade 2 adenoids in a child will be presented at the end of the article.
Treatment
When talking about treatment, they usually mean surgical removal of adenoids, but it is also important to remember the possibility of more gentle methods of therapy. There are more advantages in this treatment, namely:
- no injuries;
- well tolerated by the child;
- painlessness;
- no need to administer anesthesia.
Such treatment usually begins with the elimination of acute symptoms of the disease, eliminating signs of intoxication. In case of elevated temperature, antipyretic drugs are taken. In order to eliminate the causes of the disease, use antiviral drugs or antibiotics after determining the pathogen. Also included in this treatment:
- physiotherapy, lavage of the sinuses, such procedures are carried out personally by a doctor;
- symptomatic therapy, which is based on the elimination of various manifestations of the disease;
- quartzization and laser therapy.
Among other things, these rules should be observed:
- ensure proper nutrition;
- provide the child with a plentiful drink;
- observe strict bed rest.
Consider the surgical treatment of grade 2 adenoids.
Surgical method
It must be borne in mind that if the child was diagnosed with this pathology, then the operation is not prescribed in all cases. Indications for surgical intervention are as follows:
- bronchial asthma;
- frequent adenoiditis and sinusitis;
- pronounced signs of poor sleep;
- urinary incontinence;
- severe difficulty breathing through the nose;
- noticeable lag in emotional and physical development;
- apnea.
If the decision to conduct a surgical operation was made, then it is necessary to comply with all doctor's prescriptions before and after the operation. You also need to remember about healthy, proper nutrition, bed rest and fresh air.
Usually the operation is carried out by these methods:
- electrocoagulation;
- laser;
- or a blabber.
The most popular method of removing grade 2 adenoids in children is laser adenoidectomy. This method has a local analgesic effect, is considered less traumatic, can cope without undesirable consequences, and is characterized by a quick rehabilitation period.
Prevention
In order to prevent the formation of such a pathology, it is necessary to detect signs in a timely manner and follow simple rules:
- when inflammatory processes occur in the body, you should immediately seek help from a specialist;
- if the child has a chronic disease, it is necessary to ensure that exacerbation attacks are as rare as possible;
- increase immunity in a child with regular physical exertion and hardening;
- often go out with a child - air and sun baths can have a good effect on the general condition of the body;
- avoid crowded areas, especially during a viral outbreak;
- ensure that the child’s room always has optimal humidity and temperature;
- do not start adenoids of the first degree, treat them in advance.
Since it is now known what the second degree adenoids are, you need to remember the need to diagnose the disease in time. Do not be afraid that the child may be prescribed surgery. It should be remembered that adenoids of the second degree can be cured using conservative methods in any case.
Reviews of adenoids of the 2nd degree
To treat or remove - often such questions are asked by parents whose child has adenoids. Everyone knows that there is a possibility of relapse after surgery, so this prospect is practically not happy for anyone, and no one wants to give the child into the hands of surgeons. Parents willingly share their personal experience: it is real to cure a pathology without surgical intervention. According to reviews, the treatment of grade 2 adenoids with homeopathy and a laser gives good results.
Many parents are sure that there is nothing superfluous in the body. And some doctors agree with them. Therefore, do not rush to remove adenoids surgically. It is necessary to deal with treatment, combine medical methods with folk remedies and try to protect the child from infections. This approach will definitely give positive results.