Diseases of the prostate gland often concern elderly and middle-aged men. In addition, inflammatory processes can occur even in young people and children. In acute prostatitis, the problem can be solved by prescribing antibacterial drugs. But getting rid of chronic inflammation is not so simple. Especially if calculous prostatitis has developed. This disease often leads to a violation of the outflow of urine. In addition, a man is not able to lead a normal sex life, since the fluid of the prostate gland (sperm) also does not pass through the ducts. As a result, pain and difficulty urinating occur. All this gives the man not only physical inconvenience, but also psychological discomfort.
What is calculous prostatitis?
Prostate inflammation in the elderly often has a chronic course. Due to the long-existing pathological process, the functions of the organ are violated. This leads to the formation of calculi (stones). Similar complications more often occur in old age. Calculous prostatitis is a pathology in which stones form in the gland itself or its ducts against a background of chronic inflammation. A similar problem is very worrying for the stronger sex. After all, 2 functions are immediately violated - urinary and sexual. As a result, many men experience apathy, irritability, and aggression. Due to such disorders of the psychoemotional background, some patients do not seek medical help. It may also be due to embarrassment or a misconception that in old age this condition is the norm. It should be remembered that stones in the prostate can be removed. However, not all cases require surgical intervention.
Causes of stones in the prostate gland
Naturally, calculi do not appear in the prostate just like that. This is preceded by an inflammatory process. The reasons why there are signs of calculous prostatitis are divided into 2 groups:
- Endogenous factors. It is understood that the formation of calculi was facilitated by disturbances in the body.
- Exogenous factors. This means that the pathology is caused by external causes (not due to disturbances occurring in the body).
Endogenous factors include various harmful effects. Among them: smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction. Irregular sex life also contributes to the development of prostatitis (too frequent sexual intercourse, rare connections, or masturbation). Exogenous causes include various organ injuries (injuries, complications after surgery). In addition, this group includes inflammation of the prostate gland caused by the penetration of microbes into it.
There are 2 main pathological mechanisms due to which the formation of stones in the prostate and its ducts occurs. These include stagnation of the secretion of the prostate gland and urine reflux into the organ cavity.
Calculous prostatitis: symptoms of pathology
Symptoms of calculous prostatitis resemble signs of chronic inflammation of the prostate gland, but are more pronounced. The main clinical manifestations are painful and difficult urination in men. Unlike non-calculous prostatitis, the disease under consideration is characterized by the fact that the symptoms disturb the patient at any time of the day, and not mainly at night. This clinical picture occurs due to impaired outflow of prostate and urine secretions. The reason for this symptom of the disease is a partial or complete obstruction of the duct with a stone. In addition, other symptoms of calculous prostatitis are isolated. Among them:
- Pelvic pain. May occur not only during urination. Men complain of pain in the perineum, tailbone, lower abdomen.
- Erectile disfunction. Due to the closure of the duct of the prostate gland, seminal fluid cannot flow normally from the organ. As a result, it is not possible to complete sexual intercourse. In severe cases, there is a decrease in libido, lack of an erection.
- Painful urination in men - often accompanied by a false urge. In this case, pain in the perineum increases. In most cases, little or no urine is excreted.
- The appearance of pathological impurities in semen. Most often, spotting is observed. Sometimes in the seminal fluid you can notice an admixture of pus (rarely).
What to do with calculous prostatitis in men?
Clinics that treat calculous prostatitis are available in any city. In district centers, there may be no hospitals with a urological department, nevertheless, a general surgeon can provide medical assistance for this problem. If you suspect inflammation of the prostate gland, you should contact the local doctor at the clinic. He will prescribe the necessary examination. If stones are found in the ducts of the prostate, the patient is referred to an outpatient surgeon. He assesses the situation and decides whether conservative treatment is possible or if planned surgical intervention is required. Symptoms in which you need to seek medical help are difficulty and painful urination in men, pain during ejaculation, blood in semen.
Diagnosis of calculous prostatitis
When appointing an examination, the specialist is based primarily on the patient's complaints. The most characteristic of them is the appearance of blood in the seminal fluid, pain during intercourse. These clinical signs are due to trauma to the mucous membrane of the ducts of the prostate, which occurs due to friction of calculi on the surface of the organ. Difficult urination in men also occurs with non-calculous inflammation of the prostate gland. It appears due to compression of the urethral tract of an enlarged prostate. If there is a suspicion of the formation of stones in the prostate, laboratory and instrumental studies are performed. General blood and urine tests can confirm the presence of an inflammatory process. Changes in KLA are characterized by an increase in the number of leukocytes and an acceleration of ESR. Red blood cells, protein, and bacteria may be present in urine. It is also important to conduct a study of seminal fluid. With calculous prostatitis, there is a decrease in sperm activity, the appearance of blood. In addition, a digital examination of the rectum is performed. During a rectal examination, an increase in the size of the prostate and a change in its shape are diagnosed. Of the instrumental diagnostic methods, ultrasound of the prostate, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used.
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Treatment for calculous prostatitis
Treatment of calculous prostatitis must be started at the first manifestations of pathology. Some varieties of calculi can be removed from the prostate gland without resorting to surgery. These include oxalate, phosphate and urate stones. Conservative therapy is indicated if the stones are small. Treatment is aimed at removing the inflammatory process. Antibacterial drugs are used (medicines “Ciprolet”, “Ofloxacin”). Anti-inflammatory drugs are also prescribed. Among them are the preparations "Voltaren", "Diclofenac". To get rid of stones, physiotherapeutic treatment is recommended.
In the presence of calcium calculi, surgical intervention is necessary. Operational methods include:
- Lithotripsy - laser stone crushing of stones. It is an endoscopic procedure and does not leave scars.
- Surgical intervention.
Complications of calculous prostatitis
Calculous prostatitis can lead to complications. Among them: rupture of the organ or ducts of the prostate gland, inflammation of the abdominal cavity - peritonitis, infertility. With large calculi, bleeding from the prostate or urethra is often observed.
Prostate Disease Prevention
Prevention of calculous prostatitis is a healthy lifestyle, exercise. It is also important to avoid unprotected sex, which can lead to infectious diseases. It is necessary to periodically visit a urologist for an advisory purpose (1 time per year).