Often people are interested in what it is - dyspepsia, the symptoms of which are many, but in each case they are individual. You can diagnose the disease yourself. One has only to understand the problem. In the ICD, dyspepsia is referred to as a digestive tract disorder in which incomplete digestion occurs. The disease code is K30. The main symptoms of dyspepsia are mainly unpleasant sensations in the lower torso, heartburn, nausea, a feeling of fullness of the intestine, quick satiety after eating. Recently, scientists have established a direct relationship between accumulated stress and the occurrence of dyspepsia.
Therefore, it should be established what it is - dyspepsia. Symptoms and treatment of dyspepsia of the stomach and intestines are indicated in this article. Self-medication is not recommended.
Causes
The following factors contribute to the onset of the disease:
- frequent glut;
- the presence of unhealthy habits;
- taking aggressive medications that adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract;
- the use of food harmful to the body;
- pregnancy;
- the presence of hormonal disorders;
- metabolic disorders;
- poor chewing of food;
- insufficient mechanical processing of consumed products complicates the process of food processing, which contributes to the development of dyspepsia;
- often this pathology is characteristic of young children, especially during the development of the skill of chewing solid foods;
- the use of foods containing a large amount of carbohydrates;
- digestive tract infections;
- inactive lifestyle;
- the presence of oncological formations;
- food allergies;
- Also at risk are people with chronic as well as congenital gastrointestinal disorders.
Symptoms
Symptoms of intestinal dyspepsia include:
- unstable stools (constipation or diarrhea);
- aching pains in the abdomen;
- increased gas formation;
- nausea;
- periodic heartburn.
Signs of Enzymatic Dyspepsia
The main symptoms of enzymatic dyspepsia include:
- increased gas formation;
- bloating;
- decreased appetite;
- weakness;
- frequent bowel movements;
- bad taste in the mouth.
Symptoms of fermentative dyspepsia
Fermentative dyspepsia is characterized by symptoms such as:
- diarrhea (stool has a characteristic odor);
- pain or discomfort in the abdomen;
- a feeling of fullness in the abdomen ;
- increased gas formation;
- bloating.
Signs of putrefactive dyspepsia
The clinical manifestations of putrefactive dyspepsia include:
- nausea, sometimes vomiting;
- weakness, fatigue;
- abdominal pain of a periodic acute nature;
- headache, dizziness;
- burping.
Symptoms of Neurotic Dyspepsia
Neurotic dyspepsia is manifested by the following symptoms:
- decreased appetite;
- weight loss;
- nausea, vomiting is possible;
- sleep disturbance;
- emotional lability.
Signs of Fat Dyspepsia
Fat dyspepsia is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Diarrhea with characteristic feces (feces covered with a whitish bloom).
- Stomach ache.
Symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia
Symptoms of a non-ulcer form of intestinal dyspepsia are:
- fast satiety from eaten food;
- discomfort or abdominal pain of a constricting nature;
- belching;
- heartburn;
- sleep disturbance;
- emotional instability (tearfulness, irritability).
Indications for diagnosis
Diagnosis of dyspepsia of the stomach and intestines is carried out in the presence of several mandatory criteria:
- Constant pain in the abdominal cavity, an unpleasant sensation in the torso for more than seven days, which is regularly repeated for a month or three times a year.
- The absence of organic changes in the gastrointestinal tract during ultrasound, physical and endoscopic examination of the upper abdominal cavity.
- Another sign is a feeling of fullness and retention of food in the intestines. These sensations are most likely related to previous meals.
Drug treatment
The prescription of drug therapy for dyspepsia in children and adults is carried out only after a thorough diagnosis, since the symptoms characteristic of dyspepsia may indicate more serious diseases. Actually, the treatment itself is primarily aimed at getting rid of the unpleasant sensations delivered by the disease (from pain to a feeling of fullness, bloating, nausea).
Drug therapy of intestinal dyspepsia syndrome, as a rule, consists of three pharmacological groups of drugs:
- prokinetics;
- antacids;
- antibiotics.
The action of the group of prokinetics is aimed at normalizing the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (restoration of motility), among the most recommended the following can be distinguished:
- Cisapride
- Domperidone
- Metoclopramide.
These drugs help stimulate the work of the stomach and intestines, namely, they increase the frequency of contractions, which results in accelerated emptying and the release of the stomach from food (simply put the stomach to work more intensively). Reduce manifestations of reflux (heartburn). These drugs are available in tablets, the dosage of which is determined by the attending physician.
Drugs of the antacid group are designed to normalize excessive gastric secretion (secretion of gastric juice) - and this is very important, since it is precisely this pathology that gives the patient pain, which is a symptom of intestinal dyspepsia. Antacids today are widely represented:
- Omeprazole;
- Ranitidine;
- Almagel
- "Rabeprazole".
Some of these drugs are in tablet form, and some, for example, Almagel, are in the form of a gel-like paste that is taken before eating.
Antibiotic drugs are prescribed if Helicobakter Pylori is detected during the diagnosis. The following schemes are usually used:
1. Scheme of the following three drugs:
- Clarithromycin;
- Metronidazole;
- Omeprazole.
2. The second version of the scheme involves the replacement of the drug "Metronidazole" with "Amoxicillin."
3. The third scheme is represented by four drugs, namely:
- "Tetracycline";
- Metronidazole;
- Pantroprazole;
- "Bismuth subcitrate."
In addition to specific drugs for the treatment of intestinal dyspepsia, the use of drugs to strengthen immunity is recommended.
Alternative treatment
The use of folk remedies and methods for intestinal dyspepsia can be quite effective if the symptoms of the disease are not the result of serious pathologies. And this can only be established with the necessary set of diagnostic procedures. Of the most popular and affordable folk remedies for the treatment of dyspepsia, the following recipes can be distinguished:
- To normalize gastric secretion and intestinal microflora, relieve intestinal cramps, it is recommended to use infusions with caraway seeds. Half a tablespoon of caraway seeds is poured with boiling water (marjoram can be added) and infused for 15-20 minutes. Such an infusion is used for putrefactive dyspepsia, increased gas formation.
- For the general normalization of the gastrointestinal tract, an infusion of elecampane root is used. Such a preparation is prepared as follows: 1 tablespoon of crushed root is poured into a glass of cold water and infused throughout the day.
- To get rid of pain and normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract will help tincture of fennel, marsh calamus roots and valerian root. Powder from the crushed roots of these plants in equal proportions (on a teaspoon) is poured with boiling water and infused.
- To relieve intestinal cramps and colic, a warm 15-minute bath with the addition of linden flowers is well suited.
- If the patient is worried about increased gas formation, then in this case it is recommended to use a decoction of chamomile, yarrow, mint leaves and sage. All herbs are crushed and mixed, for a decoction one teaspoon of the mixture is taken and poured with boiling water, insist for half an hour.
- We should also pay attention to some plants, which are very widely used in all possible options for intestinal dyspepsia:
- Dandelion - for medicinal purposes, roots, leaves, flowers are used. In the form of tea, dandelion is included in the antibiotic treatment regimen. To normalize the digestive tract, juice is used from freshly squeezed leaves of the plant and a decoction from the crushed dandelion root. An excellent remedy for dyspepsia is a salad with fresh dandelion leaves - this dish can rightfully be included in your diet;
- Peppermint is a plant that contains tannins, essential oil, flavonoids, vitamins and carotene. It is used in the form of an infusion of leaves and a pharmacy alcohol tincture, which helps to get rid of pain during an exacerbation of dyspepsia and relieve flatulence.
Diet
As you can see, the timely determination of symptoms and treatment of dyspepsia of the stomach and intestines will help to quickly bring health back to normal. But there is another way of therapy, without which it is impossible to defeat the disease. Diet therapy is an integral part of the treatment of intestinal dyspepsia. Depending on the type of disease, therapeutic nutrition is prescribed. General principles for the appointment of a diet are:
- strict feeding time;
- rational distribution of products;
- compliance with the rules of cooking;
- exclusion from the diet of unauthorized dishes.
The diet is aimed at improving bowel function, normalizing stool, getting rid of stomach discomfort.
Fermentative dyspepsia. With this form of an ailment in the diet, it is necessary to limit foods rich in easily digestible carbohydrates. These include:
- mashed potatoes;
- jelly;
- fruits and dried fruits (raisins, dried apricots, prunes);
- honey;
- candy;
- jam;
- muffin;
- high fiber foods (bran, legumes, nuts).
The amount of protein needs to be increased. To do this, you need to eat low-fat varieties of meat and fish, soy products, eggs in the form of omelets. Exclude foods that promote increased gas formation from the diet:
- apples
- cabbage;
- bananas
- legumes;
- putrefactive dyspepsia.
With diet therapy, this form of dyspepsia limits the amount of protein consumed. Exclude the use of meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, eggs, buckwheat and oatmeal.
Recommended therapeutic fasting for about two days with a decoction of wild rose and sweet tea. After starvation, the use of carbohydrates in the form of crackers, rice porridge on water is allowed. You can use vegetarian soups or those prepared on a secondary broth. Further, fermented milk products that contribute to the normalization of intestinal microflora are included in the diet. Kefir, fermented baked milk, yoghurts, acidophilus are allowed.
A decoction of oak bark does well with diarrhea. After the symptoms of dyspepsia disappear, the menu is gradually expanded to a complete return to the usual diet.