The architecture of China has a number of features. They are due to many factors: social hierarchy, national flavor, natural and climatic conditions.
Symbols of ancient Chinese architectural art are considered such grandiose structures as the Wall of China, the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven - large-scale monuments of architecture that are harmonious.
Ancient structures are characterized by a predominance of wood structures. Pillars were dug into the ground, connected by horizontal beams. A roof structure was erected from above , tiling it. Between the pillars, walls were formed using bricks and other materials. It should be noted that only the frame was the carrier. In an earthquake, walls may collapse, but the house itself will stand. In addition, wood is known for its resilience and flexibility. This allows the material to withstand even the most severe tremors.
An example of such extraordinary “resilience” is considered in the Shanxi pagoda. The wooden structure was erected more than 900 years ago. The pagoda is more than 60 meters high. Throughout its history, the structure has survived several fairly large earthquakes, but to this day has remained in good condition.
The architecture of China is distinguished by the ensemble principle of construction. The architects did not create separate buildings, but entire complexes. According to researchers, this trend may be associated with the mentality of the Chinese - adherents of collectivism.
Construction in China has long been carried out by the flow method. Thanks to this, the construction of structures could be carried out almost uninterruptedly. The Chinese, knowing in advance the reference dimensions of the building elements, made them separately. Then they simply assembled the structures. So, the Forbidden City was erected by this method. Construction of about 720 square meters. m. took thirteen years.
The architecture of China was colorful buildings. From ancient times, it was customary to brighten out buildings.
The architecture of China assigned a special place to the layout. So, the architects adhered to the principle of "Shiheyuan" (closed courtyard on four sides). This layout was used both in residential buildings and in palace and temple buildings.
Special attention was paid to the construction of roofs, light, elegant, smoothly flying up. Such curved structures not only gave an attractive appearance, but, in accordance with Feng Shui, did not allow negative energy to accumulate in the corners.
Social hierarchy was a feature that distinguished China. Architecture was one of the main elements that made it possible to maintain an established structure. So, over time, various roof structures began to form, which determined the social position of the building owner.
In the decoration of the roof there were various animal figures. All of them had their meaning.
China is a multinational country. In addition to the most common Han nationality, the country has about 55 nationalities, each of which has contributed to the development of architecture.
The modern architecture of China is represented by intricate television towers, magnificent skyscrapers, theaters, stadiums. Residential complexes are spacious, thoughtful, comfortable. Chinese airports are unique pieces of modern architecture.
Today, buildings are distinguished by a variety of styles, freedom of form, which have become the embodiment of the most daring ideas of architects and designers. Each skyscraper is unique. So on the roof of one high-rise building a lotus of concrete and glass can bloom, another structure looks like a spaceship, and the top of the third changes its color in accordance with the time of day.