Pyramid cells or Betz cells are located in the fifth layer of the cerebral cortex. Pyramidal insufficiency is diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging is a mandatory examination when seizures and symptoms of epilepsy appear. Computed tomography of the brain is performed when it is impossible to conduct an MRI scan. Pyramidal insufficiency can be diagnosed using electromyography. This is a research method.
neuromuscular system by recording and analyzing electrical
muscle potential. EEG research (electroencephalography) makes it possible
identify the cause of seizures. The method allows to detect the appearance of epileptiform
activity and diffuse delta waves. Ultrasound (ultrasound) of the brain helps to identify signs of increased intracranial pressure in the brain, which can create an irritating effect and cause paralysis.
With the development of a pathological focus or a violation of blood supply in the area of the pyramidal system, central paralysis occurs. Pyramidal
failure is also determined by electromyography, in which
the neuromuscular system is examined. Almost all central paralysis and
paresis in diseases of the brain accompanied by obvious or hidden
cramps, which further increase the area of brain damage.
The disease manifests itself in the form of increased muscle tone, as well as overestial and tendon reflexes. Right-sided pyramidal insufficiency is accompanied by oculomotor and visual impairment, decreased intelligence. Gait disturbance, ataxia of coordination tests, intentional trembling, chanted speech, nystagmus are observed.
The causes can be tumors, inflammatory processes, congenital pathologies and hemorrhages that cause a disease such as pyramidal insufficiency. The treatment in this case is symptomatic.
Pyramidal insufficiency has similar symptoms with cerebral dysfunction syndrome, various types of encephalopathy, and cerebrospinal fluid syndrome
hypertension, therefore, the diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Depending on the
location of the lesion, various manifestations of the disease are possible.
Alternating syndromes occur with violations in the area of the brain stem.
Paresis occurs with damage to the projection zones of the cerebral cortex.
Damage to the spinal cord is accompanied by hemiplegia on the side,
which is the opposite of the lesion.
Treatment of pyramidal insufficiency should be directed to the underlying disease. Equally important is the restoration of motor
activity for paralysis. You must adhere to the principle of increasing
physical activity. Therapy of pyramidal insufficiency includes the use of drugs such as cerebrolysin, nootropil, glutamic acid, encephabol, aminalon. These drugs improve the metabolism of nerve cells. To normalize the conduct of a nerve impulse, it is recommended to take dibazole and proserin. Vitamins of group E and B, baclofen, midocal and lyoresal normalize muscle tone. Good results in the treatment of pyramidal insufficiency gives exercise therapy, reflexology and acupressure aimed at reducing muscle tone. In parallel, physiotherapy and balneotherapy, orthopedic events. In the presence of injuries of the brain and spinal cord, as well as with tumors, neurosurgical treatment is prescribed. Surgical intervention is prescribed for acute violations of the functions of cerebral circulation, cerebral vascular malformations, the formation of intracerebral hematoma, stenosis or thrombosis of extracerebral arteries.