Human head injury or traumatic brain injury

The most common cause of disability or even death (more than 1%) are traumatic brain injuries, which account for 25% of the total number of injuries. Most often, men (more than 70% of victims) under the age of fifty are exposed to traumatic effects. Thus, a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is damage to the human skull, brain, membranes of the brain, nerves and blood vessels.

In medicine, it is customary to distinguish between two forms of head injury:

1. Closed. It is characterized by the absence of damage to the brain, as well as its shell, since there is no damage to the cover of the skull, so the infection process is impossible.

2. Open. TBI involves damage to the brain of the brain and its membranes due to the destruction of the cover of the skull. In this case, there is a threat of infection, which can cause the development of meningitis, brain abscess or encephalitis. So, an open craniocerebral trauma can be penetrating, in case of penetration of the bones of the skull into the hard cover of the brain membrane.

Thus, this type of injury includes:

1. Concussion, contusion or compression of the brain. It occurs in the presence of a closed hematoma, which was formed as a result of a blunt object strike, and is accompanied by a brain contusion. In this case, pain occurs in the head area, which is spinning, lethargy, skin integuments often become pale. At the time of injury, a person may lose consciousness.

2. Fracture of the bones of the base of the skull or its vault. Such injuries are closed and open, penetrating and non-penetrating. Fragments of the cranium can compress the brain and damage its vessels. With bone fractures of the base of the skull, there is a danger of damage to the brain, its membranes and nerves. In this case, the infection can enter the brain through the oral, nasal or ear cavity. As a result of such injuries, a person experiences pain in the area of โ€‹โ€‹the fracture, signs of concussion may appear, speech is often lost, pulse and breathing are disturbed, blood flows from the nose or ears , and in some cases, cerebral fluid.

More than 80% of people with dangerous injuries to the skull and brain experience hypoxia, which can lead to death. Most often, these phenomena are inherent in people with arrested epilepsy, hypotension, or hypoxemia.

The main causes of this phenomenon, such as traumatic brain injury, are accidents or work-related injuries, as well as falls or shock.

In some people, when the integral structure of the brain of the brain is disturbed, the change in its functions weakens after some time, they stabilize, thus, the person recovers. In other people, a traumatic brain injury, which causes a violation of the functions of the brain or nerve tissues, can provoke the development of pathology of the autonomic and mental functions of the brain.

In the presence of head injuries , radiography is mandatory to determine the presence of cracks or fractures of the skull bones. In the absence of signs of damage to the brain substance, a bruise of the head tissue is diagnosed. If there are wounds in the head area, antibacterial drugs are prescribed, as well as analgesics, in some cases beta-blockers or diuretics. When a concussion occurs, treatment is recommended in a hospital, and in severe cases, the patient is placed in a surgical or trauma unit.

Is there a head injury? Treatment is supposed to protect the brain from infections and stop the development of complications. After first aid is provided, effective therapy is prescribed until the patient is completely expelled.

We can say that traumatic brain injury is the most common among all possible injuries of the human body, at the same time, it is a common cause of death.


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