At present, kidney diseases are a rather serious problem for medicine and humanity. You should be aware that it is not worth triggering the pathological processes that occur in organs such as the kidneys. Also known is the fact that diseases of this kind can go away without any symptoms for humans.
Pathology
The following kidney pathologies are:
- Urine syndrome.
- Nephrotic syndrome.
- Hypertension
- Acute renal failure.
- Kidney failure is chronic.
- Tubular disorders.
The picture of the disease can have a detailed symptomatology. This category includes such an ailment as nephrotic syndrome .
There are cases when the signs that appear indicate a one-sided form of kidney pathology. It also happens that the patient feels and feels any symptoms of the disease at the initial stage, and then they disappear. With this course of the disease, one should pay attention to its history. This is an important point. Since the onset of the disease, namely, from what moment it began to develop in the body, can say a lot about the nature of the disease and its manifestation in humans.
For what reasons can pathology develop?
To make a diagnosis and choose the right treatment regimen, it is necessary to establish the reasons due to which a particular symptom has arisen. As a rule, pathologies of the kidneys arise due to the fact that any negative effect is exerted on the human body. For example, an infection or any bacteria and microorganisms can enter the body. In addition, the virus can cause kidney disease.
If, for some reason, urine does not pass well in a person, then this can also lead to the development of an ailment. Formations such as cysts and swelling also negatively affect kidney function. In addition, a violation of metabolic processes in the body leads to impaired renal function.
These dysfunctions include:
- Pathological processes of an autoimmune nature.
- Violation in the structure of organs of an innate nature. Pathology of the development of the kidneys.
- Impaired kidney tissue.
- Nephroptosis (meaning bilateral)
Another cause of abnormal kidney function is the formation of stones.
What symptoms indicate that the kidneys have any kind of pathology?
Symptoms of the presence of pathological processes in the kidneys can be divided into two types. The first type includes symptoms of a general nature. And to the second type, characteristic renal manifestations. In the case when a person feels a general deterioration and suggests that this is due to painful processes in his kidneys, he should consult a specialist in a medical institution. Here he will be examined, prescribed the necessary treatment, and will take all measures to normalize the patient's condition.
Leading syndromes
What are the leading syndromes for kidney disease? General deterioration associated with these ailments is characterized by the following symptoms:
- The patient develops chills.
- Fatigue and fatigue.
- In a person with pathological processes in the kidneys, pain in the area of these organs appears. A feature of this pain is that it does not have a sharp character of manifestation. It arises gradually.
In this condition, it is recommended that you drink plenty of liquid while hot.
In the case when the patient does not take any action to treat his body, his condition will continue to deteriorate.
Him:
- There is a fever.
- There is an increase in body temperature.
- There is pain in the lower back, it has a stronger character. The back area is where the diseased organ is located. It is possible that the pathological process occurs in only one kidney. In this case, pain will be present on one side.
- The pressure rises.
- Swelling appears. They can appear on the face, around the eyes. The whole body also swells, including the legs.
- Urine with difficulty. Urination can occur often, or vice versa rarely. Also, patients may experience burning and itching during the process. Also, urination may be absent. This is a clear sign that kidney function is impaired.
- Urine changes color and texture. Namely, it becomes cloudy, and blood discharge may also be present in it.
Representatives of the fair sex have increased swelling during childbearing. It is also associated with kidney pathologies.
Reason to see a doctor
In the event that a person discovers the above symptoms, or several of them, he should immediately consult a doctor. Since the consequences can be severe. Therefore, it is recommended to contact a medical institution for an accurate diagnosis. Next, treatment will be prescribed, which should be followed.
In no case do you need to self-medicate. Since taking any drugs can lead to a worsening of the condition. You should also take into account the fact that each organism has its own characteristics. And what helped one person can harm another. When making a diagnosis, the doctor takes into account the individual characteristics of each organism.
Pathologies of a chronic and hereditary nature
There are cases when they diagnose kidney pathologies in newborn babies. In this case, you should check the possibility of transmission of the disease by inheritance. If the kidney disease is hereditary, then a person throughout his life will need to take special measures to maintain these organs in good condition. That is, the patient needs to lead a healthy lifestyle, consume vitamins and minerals. If the pathological process worsens, special medications should be taken. These medicines will ensure the normal functioning of the kidneys.
A situation may also arise that the acute course of the disease will be treated inappropriately. Then such a pathology becomes chronic. Chronic kidney disease can occur in both women and men. In order to prevent the appearance of an ailment in the body, measures should be taken to treat the pathology immediately after its discovery. Do not delay the visit to the doctor, and if the condition worsens, report it. Perhaps you should change the scheme of treatment prescribed.
Diagnostics
A doctor who deals with kidney disease is called a urologist. If there is any suspicion of pathological processes in these organs, you should contact him.
When receiving from a urologist, a special examination of the patient will be performed.
First of all, the doctor conducts a conversation with a person. During it, he finds out which patient is worried about the symptoms, how long, and other related information.
The patient is then examined.
What are the tests for kidney pathology? A referral is given for tests such as blood and urine donations.
The patient is sent for an examination of the kidneys through ultrasound. Kidney pathology is detected by ultrasound. An ultrasound is made of such an organ as the bladder.
Urography is also performed.
Other measures are prescribed if they are necessary for making a diagnosis.
After a complete examination of the patient has been carried out and the doctor does not have any doubts, the person is diagnosed. Then appropriate therapy is prescribed. The treatment of a person is a doctor, he takes into account the characteristics of the patient's body.
What are the predictions for kidney treatment?
In the prognosis of recovery, parameters such as the stage of the disease are taken into account when the diagnosis was made, and the doctor’s recommendations were observed during treatment. For example, with diseases such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, the prognosis is favorable. Here we are talking about acute forms of these pathologies.
In the case of the presence of chronic kidney ailments in the body, treatment can last for several years. With a disease such as renal failure, the prognosis for recovery may be unfavorable.
Preventive measures should also be taken.
In order to avoid pathological processes of the kidneys, one should not allow hypothermia of the body. If any inflammation occurs, measures should be taken to improve. It is recommended not to drink alcohol and substances containing toxic substances. You should also eat right. Those people who are at risk should follow a special diet.
Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial disease. This ailment is a non-specific pathology. The disease affects the pelvis, calyx, parenchymal tissue. Now we will consider how pyelonephritis is manifested in women. Symptoms and treatment of this disease are two important topics that we will also discuss further.
This pathology can be present in the body in both acute and chronic form. This disease may be present in both sexes. However, it is much more often diagnosed in women.
What are the causes of pyelonephritis?
Pyelonephritis usually occurs due to cystitis. What it is? Cystitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the bladder. The cause of inflammation is bacterial in nature. Why is cystitis most often diagnosed in women? The reason for this is their physiology. In women, the anatomy of the body is such that the urethra is much shorter than in men. In this regard, various microorganisms penetrate much faster. When infected bacteria enter the bladder, they enter the kidneys. This disease also has another name, namely ascending pyelonephritis. Another feature of female pathology is that the urethra is not far from the anal. This structure of the body contributes to the occurrence of pathology.
Acute pyelonephritis occurs due to pathogens such as:
- E. coli.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Proteus. This is an amoeba parasite.
- Enterococcus.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
In addition, there is another factor in the occurrence of pyelonephritis. It includes the introduction of infection into the kidneys through the blood. This disease is called descending pyelonephritis.
Other causes of the disease
In addition to this, there are a number of reasons that may cause this pathology in the body, namely:
- Hypothermia of the body. You should take care of yourself and prevent the body from getting cold.
- Stress or nervous shock.
- Sexually transmitted diseases that are present in the human body.
- Inadequate immune system function. For example, because of antibiotics.
- Urine outflow dysfunction.
- Fatigue and overwork.
- Impaired blood circulation in the kidneys.
A disease such as diabetes can cause pyelonephritis. Also, this ailment can be a congenital pathology of the kidneys.
You should also know that pyelonephritis in the weaker sex is a manifestation of secondary pathology. In other words, this ailment arises as a result of another disease that is present in the body of a woman. Therefore, before prescribing a particular treatment, doctors find out the cause of this pathology. If it is known on the background of what the ailment appeared, then the treatment will become much more effective.
There is a chronic form of pyelonephritis, it depends on what stage the disease is at. Perhaps there is a period of remission, or vice versa, exacerbation.
Pyelonephritis in women. Symptoms and treatment
What are the symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis?
- Pain in the back. The nature may be different. But, as a rule, pain is aching. A feeling of discomfort is present in the lower back. Pain may be uneven. This is due to the fact that one kidney can be affected by pathology. There is also such an effect when the pain appears on the opposite side. Unpleasant sensations in the back can be amplified with a certain load. For example, when walking or any physical activity.
- Patients with this pathology are constantly worried about the state of the cold. Even if the air temperature is not freezing, people are cool, they want to warm themselves.
- In addition to back pain, there are discomfort in the abdomen. As a rule, they occur in children.
- Frequent want of toilet. Constant urge to urinate, especially at night.
- The patient may increase body temperature for no apparent reason. Most often this happens in the evening.
- The pressure rises.
- A person feels unassembled, broken, feels tired even in the early hours.
- Headache.
- Bad mood, irritation without any reason, indifference to what is happening around and other signs of mental instability.
- The patient develops edema. The mechanism of development of edema in kidney pathology: most often they occur on the face under the eyes and on the feet. On the face they become noticeable. And you can press your feet with your finger and a trace will remain. This suggests that there is swelling. Also, this can be evidenced by the fact that the shoes are getting cramped.
When the period of exacerbation leaves and remission sets in, the above symptoms do not bother the person. The only thing that remains is general malaise and weakness. High blood pressure may also be present.
How to treat pyelonephritis? The patient needs not to burden his body with great physical exertion.
He should drink plenty of fluids, namely water, cranberry juice, etc. Antibiotics are also prescribed. Typically, these drugs are prescribed for a week. Then they pass a control urine test. If everything is normal, then the person drinks antibiotics for another week. Otherwise, the course of treatment, of course, will drag on for another two to three weeks.
What complications may arise
It is worth knowing that if you run kidney problems, an abscess may occur. What is this ailment? An abscess is the presence of pus in the tissues of the kidney. Symptoms such as pain and fever increase. When examining urine and blood, an elevated white blood cell count is detected in the patient.
In addition to the abscess, the human body can undergo diseases such as:
- Jade apostematic. With this disease, purulent foci occur under the kidney capsule.
- Bilateral nephroptosis. This is the omission of both kidneys. Contusion and pathology of the kidneys can provoke a similar ailment. The main symptoms of bilateral nephroptosis are dull pain in the kidney area. Nausea, dizziness, and vomiting also occur.
- Carbuncle. This is a purulent focus of necrotic nature in the tissue of the kidney.
These are very serious diseases that are dangerous to human life. Therefore, when they are diagnosed, emergency hospitalization is carried out and surgery is prescribed.
Signs and causes of renal failure
With incorrect or untimely treatment in women, the occurrence of such an ailment as renal failure is possible . What other causes of renal failure are known?
- polycystic disease;
- recurrent urinary tract infections;
- obstacles to the outflow of urine.
What are the symptoms of this disease? It is accompanied by a bad mood. Also, with renal failure, irritability increases. Another pathology is accompanied by apathetic mood.
Therapy
How is kidney pathology treated? First of all, after the diagnosis, a complex treatment is prescribed, which is aimed at eliminating the symptoms. In the case when it comes to the acute form of the disease. Next, measures are taken to eliminate the causative agent of the pathological process. Dosage forms that contain antibiotics are usually prescribed.
In the case when it comes to the chronic course of the disease, it is necessary to direct therapeutic measures to eliminate the cause of this pathology.
As a rule, antibiotics that relate to penicillins are used to treat kidney diseases. Although it is possible to use other groups of drugs. Medications are prescribed taking into account the individual characteristics of the human body.
In addition to antibiotics are prescribed:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Dosage forms aimed at stimulating blood flow.
- Vitamins
- Adaptogens.
Conclusion
Now you know the signs of kidney disease. We also examined known ailments. We described their symptoms. The topic of diagnosis and treatment of kidney pathologies was slightly touched. Renal pathologies in systemic diseases were also considered.