Typhoid is a disease that is caused by salmonella. If the source of the disease will be affected by negative factors, such as a defensive reaction of the body itself or the action of antimicrobials, then Salmonella can transform and exist for a long time in the cells of a sick person. Thus, the disease takes a protracted course, frequent relapses are possible.
Typically, typhoid, whose symptoms may not appear, is transmitted from the carrier of the disease. The most dangerous persons in whom typhoid is in a chronic stage. It is transmitted with water, with food and in everyday contact with a sick person. The most frequently ill group of patients is young people and middle-aged people. Typhoid fever, the symptoms of which may be initially not noticeable, can cause epidemics. Like any intestinal disease, typhoid is most active in summer and autumn. When salmonella enters the intestines, it invades the lymph nodes, which in turn leads to inflammation. From the lymph nodes, salmonella enters the bloodstream, which carries it throughout the body. At the same time, part of the pathogens dies, and the human body responds to this with the release of endotoxin. Typhoid fever, the symptoms of which at this stage have not yet fully manifested, thus giving the first signals about the disease - the state of intoxication of the body.
If the situation worsens, then toxic shock may occur. In the body, salmonella invades the parenchyma, forms granulomas there and disrupts the functions of the tissue. After about a week, the phase of excretion of the pathogen into the external environment begins, sometimes in very large quantities. If typhoid fever is abdominal, the symptoms of the disease can primarily be observed in the stomach itself. A phased process occurs: first, the lymph nodes of the intestine swell, then die off and leave, after which ulcers form, which then heal. Usually, after a month, the body develops specific immunity, the internal environment of the body is restored , which is freed from the causative agent of the disease. Typhoid fever, the symptoms of which are well studied, does not cause difficulties in diagnosis. At the very beginning of the disease, the patient has a high fever, he feels very weak, quickly losing weight.
As a complication, many patients have insomnia and headache, and stool disorders. On examination, doctors usually note the following symptoms indicating typhoid fever. Patients seem to be inhibited in communication, they are inactive, their skin is pale, their blood pressure decreases. In the lungs, wheezing can be heard, the tongue is swollen, with a grayish coating on the edges. If a doctor suspects typhoid fever, the symptoms should also be supported by tests. Usually a clinical blood test is done, in which the leukocyte formula is shifted to the left, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is increased. In the second week, the temperature rises significantly (it can be persistently high for one to two weeks), fever appears. If the disease is severe, then patients can rave, rush about in a fever, hallucinate. Some have a disturbed consciousness. In the future, pink spots (roseola) appear on the patient’s body, which then increase in number with an increase in the disease. With proper treatment of the disease, after about twenty to twenty-five days, the symptoms subside, however, in ten percent of cases, patients may experience a relapse of typhoid fever.
In the treatment of typhoid fever, an important place is taken by further prevention. After all, five percent of all sick for life remain carriers of the disease, which means they continue to excrete typhoid pathogens. In order not to suffer from the disease again, you need to control the purity of water sources, keep the sewage clean, and control the food that we eat. It is very important to carry out all hygiene procedures - wash your hands before eating, after the street, after the toilet, communicating with animals. Observing all these requirements, the chances of contracting typhoid fever are minimal.