“Royal disease” sounds somehow completely harmless. But this simple name hides a huge problem. Few decide to consult a doctor with this pathology, and in vain. The disease must be treated. One of the most radical ways is to remove hemorrhoids. This is what will be discussed now.
A bit about the disease
Before you begin to get rid of the disease, you should know what kind of disease. Hemorrhoids - the most common disease, which is an abnormal expansion of the veins that pass through the tissues surrounding the anus. The disease can occur at any age. This is her cunning. According to statistics, every second person has some form of pathology.
Any stage of the disease creates physical and psychological discomfort. Treatment depends on a number of factors: the presence of concomitant diseases and complications, the stage of the disease and the age of the patient.
Getting rid of the disease is preceded by a complete medical examination. The exact stage of the pathology is determined and the optimal method of treatment is selected. The main thing is not to miss the moment when they will also help:
- medicines;
- therapeutic diets;
- gymnastics and exercises;
- traditional medicine and homeopathic medicines.
And you don’t have to resort to hemorrhoid surgery.
Surgical intervention
The most radical treatment for abnormal vein expansion is surgery. This method is accessed only if other means do not help. Before agreeing to surgery, you should discuss all issues with your doctor. Be sure to ask a specialist why he decided that hemorrhoids should be removed surgically, what the postoperative period will be, what is the level of risk and forecasts.
Indications for treatment in this way are:
- Hemorrhoidal bleeding.
- Dropdown nodes.
- Danger of thrombosis.
The main task of surgical intervention is the removal of all, even the smallest nodes.
Currently, there are various modifications of this method of combating pathology. The surgeon will select one of them, based on the characteristics of the course of the disease. We will get a little acquainted with these types of surgical intervention.
Sclerotherapy and infrared coagulation
Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment. Used in the first and second stages of the disease and as a way to stop bleeding.
The essence of the method. A sclerosing drug is introduced into the hemorrhoidal nodes using a special syringe and anoscope. Under the influence of these funds, the vessels located in the nodes are replaced by connective tissue. Thanks to this method, the "balls" become smaller. They stop bleeding.
Infrared coagulation. In this case, to remove hemorrhoids, you will need a special apparatus - a photocoagulator. The method is used to prevent bleeding. With the help of an anoscope, the tip of the optical fiber of the device is brought to the node (before direct contact). The flow of heat that moves along the fiber pulls together the surface of the assembly.
Latex rings and cryotherapy
Ligation of hemorrhoidal nodes with latex rings. A vacuum or mechanical ligator is used. Thanks to the procedure, ninety percent of patients recover completely. A small operation to remove hemorrhoids is as follows: latex rings are put on the inner node. After two weeks, it is rejected. In place of the site remains a stump covered with connective tissue.
Cryotherapy. Most often, the operation is performed under local anesthesia. Liquid nitrogen is used. With the help of his bump is frozen. This will take no more than four minutes. When thawing, the node dies. A wound appears in its place. For its treatment, special drugs are used.
Such minimally invasive methods of surgical intervention have a significant drawback - they do not eliminate the cause of the flow of excess blood to the nodes.
Now we turn to surgical operations. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia and requires hospitalization.
Transanal resection
Transanal resection of the mucosa according to the Longo method. This method is a great alternative to conventional surgery. Its essence is suturing of hemorrhoids. If surgery is performed according to the Longo method, then only a piece of the mucous membrane located slightly above the dentate line of the rectum is removed.
After removal of hemorrhoids, the damaged mucosa is joined with brackets from titanium according to the end-to-end method. To say that a lump is removed in the literal sense of the word is impossible. She just pulls herself up. Blood flow to the hemorrhoidal veins worsens. Due to this, the nodes are greatly reduced in volume. Over time, they start and close with connective tissue.
This operation has a drawback. It consists in the fact that it can not be used to treat external hemorrhoidal cones.
Hemorrhoidectomy and Desarterization
Hemorrhoidectomy is a standard operation that is often used in surgery. Its essence is the radical removal of hemorrhoidal nodes. It is recommended in the presence of large external and internal hemorrhoids, which has symptoms - pain and itching. A lump is removed under general or local anesthesia.
There are two types of intervention:
- Open - after complete removal of the wound in the rectum remains open.
- Closed - after removal of the cone, the mucosa is restored using sutures.
Patients need to be in the hospital for three to ten days after removal of the hemorrhoids. The postoperative period at home is from two to four weeks.
Desarterization - hemorrhoidal arteries are ligated. This method is the most painless and effective. It can be carried out both at the initial stage of the disease, and when it is advanced. Advantages - the absence of wounds and bleeding, the rehabilitation period is short, ranging from four to five days.
The peculiarity of this method is that the blood flow to the rectum is not disturbed, since only hemorrhoidal vessels are bound.
Getting rid of external hemorrhoids
If conservative treatment has not led to positive results, the removal of external hemorrhoids is also performed using surgical intervention. This method is prescribed even if the external pathology is complicated by constant bleeding and thrombosis.
The operation is to remove blood clots from blood vessels or nodes. Such a procedure is performed under general anesthesia, and an ectomy of blood clots under local anesthesia. The duration of the operation is no more than an hour. Recovery after removal of hemorrhoids is long, about two weeks.
Minimally invasive methods, such as laser coagulation, electrocoagulation, photocoagulation, cryodestruction, are also suitable for getting rid of the external cone. The advantage of these methods is a short recovery period. They are used only in the initial stages of the disease, when there are no cracks and thrombosis.
Laser removal
Laser coagulation is used at any stage of the disease. Thanks to it, you can get rid of internal, external hemorrhoids and thrombosis.
The advantage of laser hemorrhoid removal is the ability to excise and cauterize at the same time. The thermal effect of the beam coagulates proteins and burns blood vessels. That's why this method is completely bloodless, the ability to catch an infection is minimal. Patients tolerate the procedure much more easily than others.
During the operation, the beam removes (burns out) hemorrhoids in layers. Small wounds remain. After a while, they crust and then heal.
The outer bump is easier to clean. The laser cuts the knot and immediately burns the wound and blood vessels. Laser removal of hemorrhoids helps to avoid bleeding.
The procedure is carried out using a specialized high-tech device. It directs the flow of light with certain parameters to the varicose vein, empties its cavity. The vein begins to decrease, the movement of blood in it stops.
During the operation, the surgeon can adjust the strength of the heat beam, its depth. This ensures the accuracy of the effect of radiation flow on the affected area.
Preparation for surgery
Before the procedure, preparatory measures are being taken. The most important thing in this period is to make a correct diagnosis. To do this, a patient examination is carried out: tests are being performed, the presence of concomitant diseases, possible contraindications, the risk of complications are determined. Hemorrhoidal nodes are thoroughly studied - their location, size, presence of cracks, blood clots and so on.
An examination is carried out by an anesthetist. He selects the type of pain medication and determines the risks that may arise during the operation.
Seven days before the procedure, you will have to go on a diet - preparation for the operation to remove hemorrhoids includes this event.
- Do not eat foods that cause bloating.
- Have to refrain from indigestible food.
- The menu should include a large number of plant foods and fermented milk products.
Before the operation they put a cleansing enema, but before it they give a laxative drug.
Postoperative period
Now let's talk about how the rehabilitation period proceeds after removal of hemorrhoids. Discomfort, pain are the companions of any operation, but already on the fourth day the patient begins to feel better. Most often, after a week, the patient can gradually return to normal life. Everything normalizes within two weeks. Immediately after the operation, you must adhere to the following rules:
- During the first two weeks after the procedure, you will have to adhere to bed rest. Any excessive force can cause a relapse, or the seams will open after removal of the hemorrhoids. This is also very dangerous.
- A few weeks after the operation, you can perform light physical exercises. For example, walking several times a day. Duration - from five to ten minutes. Especially useful for overweight people.
- After surgery, severe pain during bowel movements may appear. In the second week they weaken. If the pain does not stop in the second and third week, then you should consult a doctor.
Food
The menu after removal of hemorrhoids also plays an important role in the rehabilitation period. Let's talk about him.
Vegetables and fruits will support the body's immune system. They are an excellent source of vitamin C, beta-carotene. These foods also contain large amounts of fluid and fiber, which can help soften stools and avoid puncture seams.
After the operation to remove hemorrhoids, the reviews of former patients indicate that it is useful to include fiber-rich vegetables and fruits in the diet. This is such as: carrots, cabbage, melon, celery and others. You should not forget about legumes: peas, beans, lentils.
An important part of the diet is drinking enough water, at least two liters per day.
We'll have to give up fatty, fried foods, tea, coffee, carbonated drinks.
Sweets are also prohibited foods: puddings, cakes, donuts, pies.
You can not eat: duck meat, veal, pork. Bacon and sausages are also prohibited. Refuse mustard, chili sauce, pepper.
Postoperative complications
Like every surgery, a hemorrhoid surgery can also have negative consequences. Let's talk a little about them:
- Pain. Anesthesia ceases to act, pain begins to appear. You can tolerate them, but to stabilize the condition, you should take an anesthetic.
- Prolapse of the rectum. In this case, a second operation cannot be dispensed with, and this entails an increase in the recovery period.
- Urinary retention. This pathology most often appears in men. It does not last long. Maximum - a day.
- Bleeding. The first act of defecation occurs after surgery, the stitching site is injured. The doctor should conduct an examination and determine the cause of the appearance of blood.
- Narrowing of the anus. The rectum cannot be cleaned completely. The cause of the pathology is improper suturing. Plastic surgery is performed.
- Fistulas and pus.
In the absence of complications, we can assume that the operation was successful.
A word to the one who survived
Now let's pay attention to the reviews about the operation to remove hemorrhoids. Opinions are different, but they all come down to one thing - the problem cannot be ignored. This can lead to serious consequences.
Positive feedback from the lips of many people can be heard about the laser removal of hemorrhoids. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. The first day there is almost no pain, on the second there is a feeling of tightness. In a week, everything goes away. Patients feel great.
You can hear from former patients that the quality of the recovery period is greatly influenced by the diet. If you immediately return to the usual diet, then after the act of defecation, pain and blood may appear. All doctor's recommendations must be followed. Only in this case, the rehabilitation period will be normal.
After many years of torment, when ointments and suppositories no longer help, people are forced to turn to a specialist. You should know that even in the fourth stage, you can get rid of hemorrhoids (though surgically) and forget about the disease forever.
You can hear positive reviews about the Longo method. The operation is performed under local anesthesia. During the procedure, it is not so much painful as unpleasant. On the second day, pain occurs, they can be weakened by injections.
Prevention
In order to remove the symptoms of the disease or prevent them, you must follow simple rules:
- Daily hiking or cycling. Duration - at least thirty minutes.
- Pool or contrast showers.
- Drink at least two liters of fluid. Drink evenly throughout the day, limit your water intake before bedtime.
- Proper nutrition. Refuse sweet, starchy, fatty. The menu should include more fruits and vegetables.
- Less fried, and more boiled and baked.
By following these recommendations, you can "escape" from an unpleasant disease.