Osteochondrosis is a common disease of the spine , characterized by dystrophic changes in the structure of the cartilage tissue of the discs and the bone base. Pathology manifests itself mainly after 30 years.
Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis can be different, which greatly complicates the process of diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Disease feature
The cervical region consists of vertebrae and nerve endings. Osteochondrosis of this area is formed during the degeneration of the intervertebral nucleus. In this case, the ongoing pathology affects the nerve endings and important blood vessels.
The disease is well masked for other disorders, since the symptoms of osteochondrosis are characterized by headache attacks, as well as the occurrence of significant discomfort in the neck. Patients complain of problems with pressure and nausea. Often, many confuse these symptoms with heart and vascular diseases.
Often, against the background of ongoing problems, the patient begins to lose consciousness, there is a lack of air and numbness of the tongue. Basically, the disease is diagnosed in people after the age of 30, which is associated with constant dynamic and static loads. Recently, such violations have been observed even in adolescents.
Degrees of development
Symptoms and treatment of cervical osteochondrosis largely depend on the degree of development of the disease. At the first stage, the nutrition of the cartilaginous tissue is disrupted, as a result of which the production of certain enzymes that differ in destructive effects occurs. A person feels severe discomfort. Daily morning exercises will help get rid of such symptoms.
In the second stage, the harmful effects of pathological enzymes are constantly increasing, and inflammation begins to develop in the body. The cartilage tissue is gradually abraded, as a result of which the vertebrae begin to touch, pinching the nerve endings. Painful sensations become more pronounced. It becomes very difficult for a person to work.
On the third degree, neoplasms and growths on bone tissue begin to form. Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis in this case are manifested in the form of intense pain. A metabolic disorder is observed, therefore, salts begin to be deposited on the spine, in the area of ​​the course of inflammation. The process of ossification of the vertebrae begins, which leads to the gradual development of an intervertebral hernia.
It is not always possible to immediately determine the stage of the disease by the existing symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis, since the degree of tissue destruction may not correspond to the available signs.
Causes of occurrence
Before identifying the symptoms and treatment of cervical osteochondrosis, you need to understand exactly what factors affect the formation of the pathological process. The development of the disease is affected by pathological and physiological processes that are closely interrelated and are mainly considered in the aggregate.
Physiological changes can be triggered by irreversible age-related processes in cartilage. Discomfort occurs with irritation of the nerve endings. Pathological changes result from malnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle. Basically, such violations occur in adolescents and middle-aged people.
In some cases, osteochondrosis can pass on its own or manifests itself in the form of short-term disorders. Among the main provoking factors, the following should be highlighted:
- lack of regular physical activity;
- excess weight;
- Frequent stay in an uncomfortable position;
- improperly selected pillow or mattress;
- nerve stress;
- hypothermia;
- neck and neck injuries.
The cause of osteochondrosis may be congenital anomalies, as well as various kinds of autoimmune diseases.
The main symptoms
In the neck area there are many vessels and nerve endings. For this reason, the symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic region are associated with ischemia of certain parts of the brain. In addition, nerve endings providing motor activity and sensitivity of the shoulder girdle and upper limbs, when squeezed by destroyed vertebrae, can provoke various manifestations. Symptoms and treatment of cervical osteochondrosis largely depend on which system is affected by the pathological process. In particular, one can distinguish such signs:
- violation of blood microcirculation during compression of the vertebral arteries;
- signs of damage to nerve endings;
- severe neurotic pathologies in advanced cases.
The first symptom of cervicothoracic osteochondrosis of the spine is the presence of pain in the neck, back of the head and collar. The localization of pain can be more extensive, provoking severe migraines. The nature of the painful sensations largely depends on the lesion and the severity of the pathology. At the initial stages of the development of the disease, discomfort can quickly disappear, gradually the pain takes on a chronic, aching character. During the period of exacerbation, the pain becomes shooting, the tone of the muscles of the neck increases, and head movement is limited.
Among the symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis in women and men, the presence of ringing and tinnitus, as well as congestion, can be distinguished. In some cases, hearing impairment is observed. All these manifestations are associated with a decrease in blood flow.
Among the main features, the following can be distinguished:
- dizziness,
- pressure differences
- lack of air
- nausea,
- visual impairment.
Dizziness is considered one of the symptoms of cervicothoracic osteochondrosis. They are caused by a violation of the flow of blood to the organs that ensure the balance of the body. A lack of air can be observed as a result of irritation of the nerve endings involved in the regulation of the respiratory process. Patients often complain that they cannot inhale fully. In some cases, symptoms are aggravated by severe shortness of breath or asthma attacks.
The lack of oxygen associated with respiratory failure is the main cause of increased fatigue, decreased attention and memory problems. In some cases, there may be nausea, which is caused by a violation of the blood circulation of some parts of the brain. Sometimes it can be accompanied by vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine are manifested in the form of worsening visual acuity. However, such a violation occurs quite rarely. It is worth noting that conducting therapeutic exercises and wearing glasses do not give the desired result, and vision improves only after treatment for osteochondrosis.
Unstable pressure is caused by circulatory disorders in the area of ​​the brain responsible for the functioning of the vasomotor center. In some cases, a slight increase in temperature and local redness of the skin can be observed.
It is very important to recognize the symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis in a timely manner. The feeling of discomfort and pain does not always arise, which is why it is important to conduct a comprehensive examination and proper treatment in a timely manner. It is worth noting that each patient has a crunch and characteristic clicks when moving around the neck, and it is by this sign that the course of the pathology can be recognized.
Diagnostics
If symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis occur, treatment must be started immediately, which is why it is advisable to immediately consult a neurologist. To establish the cause of the existing symptoms, a comprehensive examination is required.
During the examination with neurological tests, the doctor assesses the degree of mobility and pain in the neck, as well as the features of blood circulation in the vertebral artery. Among the main diagnostic methods, the following should be highlighted:
- radiography of the cervical vertebrae,
- discography
- tomography,
- myelography
- Doppler ultrasound.
All this will make it possible to determine the localization of the lesion and the degree of neglect of the disease, as well as to select the most effective treatment regimen. The treatment process is quite long and requires patience.
It is impossible to completely restore the cartilaginous structures, however, it is possible to significantly improve the quality of life and get rid of chronic pain. It is very important to monitor the course of the disease in order to adjust the treatment program if necessary and to predict possible improvements or complications.
Treatment feature
Regardless of the existing symptoms, treatment of cervical osteochondrosis is carried out using conservative methods, and it is always comprehensive. Requires the use of medications, in particular:
- anti-inflammatory drugs
- analgesics
- corticosteroids
- muscle relaxants
- vitamin complexes.
In severe cases, novocaine blockade is prescribed in the area of ​​greatest pain. The administration of hormones may sometimes be indicated. In addition, local treatment is indicated, which involves the use of warming ointments and gels. Physiotherapy and physiotherapy exercises have a good effect. Such techniques can very quickly and efficiently strengthen the neck muscles. However, their use is possible only after the abatement of the acute period.
To increase the clearance between the vertebrae, a hardware extension of the spinal column is indicated. In severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary, however, there must be appropriate indications for this.
Therapy can be supplemented by wearing an orthopedic collar of Shants. Due to the strong fixation of the cervical vertebrae, treatment is much faster. This device allows you to quickly cope with pain, normalize blood circulation in the neck and improve the general well-being of the patient.
Drug therapy
Depending on the symptoms of cervico-thoracic osteochondrosis, treatment with medications is selected individually. Therapy is aimed at eliminating pain, inflammation, as well as returning normal mobility to the vertebrae and blood circulation.
Among the main groups of drugs, the following should be highlighted:
- analgesics - “Piroxicam”, “Diclofenac”;
- anti-inflammatory - "Dexamethasone", "Prednisolone";
- chondroprotectors - "Neurobeks", "Teraflex", "Chondroxide";
- muscle relaxants - relax muscles and are used as aids to eliminate pain;
- vitamin complexes.
Necessary funds for external use, which can be used in the form of ointments and gels. Nurofen and Voltaren have a good effect. They help normalize blood circulation, eliminate pain and cramps, and also produce a warming effect.
Helps to eliminate the symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis of the spine treatment with drugs that normalize cerebral circulation. In particular, drugs such as Cavinton and Tanakan have a good effect. To improve metabolic processes in the brain, as well as restore thinking and memory, nootropic drugs are required, in particular, Ceraxon and Piracetam.
Physiotherapeutic Techniques
Quickly and effectively help to eliminate the existing symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis at home treatment with the help of special therapeutic exercises. In addition to exercise therapy and the use of medications, the range of measures includes the following methods of exposure:
- stretching the spine
- massage,
- physiotherapeutic effect.
Traction of the spinal column will increase the intervals between the vertebrae. However, it is worth remembering that the load must be dosed. The impact is carried out in different ways, in particular with the use of special tables.
Massage gives very good results. A similar procedure normalizes blood circulation, nutrition and gas exchange of cartilage. In addition, with the help of massage it is possible to eliminate muscle strain and cramping, to get rid of painful sensations.
Physiotherapeutic effect involves the use of various means, such as:
- laser exposure
- a magnetic field,
- ultrasound,
- low frequency current.
In some cases, medications are also used in combination with a physiotherapeutic effect, which increases their effectiveness and avoids the occurrence of side effects.
Acupuncture allows you to enhance or slow down the ongoing processes in the body due to exposure to biologically active points. The greatest effectiveness of all these measures is achieved with their complex application.
Folk techniques
When the first symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis occur, treatment at home involves the use of therapeutic baths that quickly eliminate pain and inflammation. In addition, they contribute to the relaxation of the spine. Water procedures should be carried out every other day, and the course of therapy is 15–20 procedures.
In the bath water, you can add a decoction of mint, chamomile, birch, lemon balm or sage. Yarrow infusion is well suited for oral administration, as it helps to quickly eliminate inflammation, pain and cramps. As compresses, you can use a solution of sea salt. Treatment at home will quickly help eliminate the symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis, however, before using any means and methods, you should definitely consult a doctor to prevent complications.
Prophylaxis
The best way to prevent this will be a healthy lifestyle, as well as the formation of posture from childhood. In order to carry out prophylaxis it is recommended:
- nutrition adjustment;
- the use of orthopedic pillows and sleep mattresses;
- smooth weight lifting.
The initial form of the course of the disease generally has no pronounced symptoms. If you experience aching pain in the sternum, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Possible complications
With timely diagnosis and proper treatment, cervical osteochondrosis proceeds without complications. Otherwise, there is a risk of various pathological changes that can lead to disability. Among the main complications are:
- circulatory disturbance in the brain;
- increase in pressure;
- weakness, numbness, muscle atrophy;
- hernias and protrusions;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- neurological disorders.
To prevent the development of complications, it is imperative that all recommendations of the attending doctor are strictly observed. Getting rid of discomfort at an early stage is much easier than treating a running illness. It is also important not to forget about prevention and to prevent violation of the child’s posture. Folk remedies help in the fight against the disease, but you should not completely rely on them and refuse medical treatment. This can lead to an exacerbation of the problem when surgical intervention is required.