Many people have nosebleeds. Some do not take it seriously, but do not ignore this phenomenon. You need to know how to stop nosebleeds. If this happens often, then you need to see a doctor. Effective help methods are described in the article.
Causes
Factors leading to epistaxis are divided into 2 groups - local and systemic. The first include:
- trauma to the nose;
- operations in this body;
- diagnostics using the tool;
- penetration of foreign particles;
- inflammation;
- sneezing when stuffy;
- quick blow out;
- the use of vasoconstrictors in large quantities;
- prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures on the nose;
- swelling in the nose;
- anatomical defects;
- inhalation of drugs;
- a long breath of cold, dry air.
Systemic causes include the presence of:
- high pressure;
- atherosclerosis of blood vessels;
- blood diseases;
- vitamin deficiency;
- a strong increase in body temperature;
- a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure;
- hormonal disorders.
For any reason, you need to know how to stop nosebleeds. Most methods are available, so they can be applied independently.
Severity of bleeding
This is determined by the amount of blood loss. Doctors distinguish 4 degrees:
- 10-100 ml - slight bleeding, in which the condition does not worsen.
- 100-500 ml is massive, not life-threatening, but this leads to a worsening of the condition.
- 500-1100 ml - severe, threatening the life of the patient and worsening his condition.
- Over 1100 ml is especially severe, which can lead to death even with medical assistance.
Do not allow a lot of blood loss. And for this, timely assistance is required.
Position
How to stop nosebleeds ? A person with bursting capillaries of the nose must be seated on a chair or chair. With a loss of even 100-200 ml, dizziness and disorientation appear. A person may lose consciousness and fall.
The vessels burst during sunstroke, so the victim must be moved to the shade. If there is no furniture, it must be seated on the ground, with your back against a wall or tree. The head must be tilted down, pressing the chin to the chest, so that blood flows easily from the nose. Place a clean towel or napkin under the lower jaw.
It also happens that the vessels burst from a strong mechanical injury, and then it is difficult for a person to stand or sit. He must be laid on the bed, raising his head. Then the person should be turned on its side, put a pillow or a folded blanket.
In patients who throw their heads back while sitting or lying down, blood flows into the esophagus. After it enters the trachea, breathing worsens, the stomach becomes irritated, which leads to nausea. In addition, the load on the heart and blood vessels increases. This position does not help, but only worsens health. If vomiting begins, there is a risk that the patient may suffocate.
Help
How to stop nosebleeds at home? A person needs to be reassured, especially if the phenomenon arose unexpectedly. Heartbeat due to excitement and fear rises. The body loses a lot of blood compared with a calm state.
To narrow the damaged vessels, something cold is applied to the nose and neck. These can be pieces of ice that are wrapped in cellophane or a towel, as well as frozen meat or fish fillets.
Feet should be placed in a basin of warm water or a heating pad should be applied to the feet. Blood from the head begins to flow to the bottom of the body, and blood clots appear in small vessels located in the Kisselbach zone. In 70-80% of situations, this is enough to eliminate the problem and restore human well-being.
Emergency cases
And if this happened outside the house, how to stop nosebleeds? A person needs to sit on a bench or land. He needs to blow his nose to clear the moves of the accumulated red fluid, and then pinch one or both nostrils for 4-10 minutes. During this period, one must breathe through the mouth.
When small capillaries are damaged, they are closed by small blood clots. When the bleeding is stopped, rest is needed. So that it does not arise again, do not abruptly get up. Rinse marks should be washed with clean water, but the crust that appears in the nose should not be touched for more than 12 hours.
Medication
If the discharge is scarce, colds are used, narrowing vessels. Recommended use:
- "Otrivinom."
- "Tizinom."
- "Sulfacyl sodium."
- Sanorin.
- "Galazolinum".
- Farmazolinom.
- "Xylene."
How to stop nosebleeds at home with their help? The medicine must be administered in 2 nostrils, 5-6 drops. A person needs to blow his nose, clearing the accumulation of blood, and then instill. The head cannot be thrown back, it is only necessary to press the wings to the cartilage with your finger.
With strong secretions, drops are impregnated with tampons from sterile cotton wool, which is wrapped with gauze, and then injected into the nasal cavity. The victim must hold ice in his mouth or eat ice cream. With the help of the cold, the vessels narrow and the action of the drops is enhanced.
Folk remedies
How to stop nosebleeds for adults or children using folk remedies? With brittle vessels or chronic sinusitis, due to which blood appears, it is necessary to use decoctions from useful herbs. Effective application:
- rose hips;
- thyme;
- bearberry;
- peppermint;
- motherwort;
- daisies;
- barberry;
- Highlander.
Comfrey has a hemostatic effect, but the plant is not mixed with linden. Cool infusion should be washed in the nasal cavity or moistened in a herbal preparation.
Still how to stop nosebleeds in a child or adult by effective means? In addition to nasal drops, juices based on nettle leaves, plantain, and yarrow are used. Anterior nasal bleeding with small secretions stops beetroot or viburnum juice, as well as lemon and currant juice. It must be diluted with boiled water or injected with a clean syringe. The tool is used to instill a nose or soak cotton swabs.
Decoctions based on yarrow or viburnum bark should be taken orally, but the drink should be cooled. And warm tea dilates blood vessels, which leads to increased bleeding. How to stop bleeding from the nose, if it happened in nature? To do this, collect several sheets of plantain. They are washed and kneaded until juice is formed, and then twisted with a tube and inserted into the nose.
How to stop nosebleeds at home if the capillaries burst not due to injuries? In this case, a bulb is cut to the back of the head, cut in half. A small towel dipped in ice water should be applied to the forehead.
Use of the solution and disinfection
How to stop nosebleeds under pressure? Peroxide copes with the problem. You will need sterile cotton wool, from which a thick swab is twisted. The blank must be wrapped in a piece of gauze, dipped in peroxide. After absorbing the liquid, the tampon is placed in the nose.
The tool has a disinfecting effect, allows you to cauterize burst capillaries, so bleeding stops after 3-5 minutes. It is only necessary to bend your head down so that the peroxide does not penetrate the esophagus. Damaged vessels are cauterized with a solution of novocaine (1%), as well as with chromic or trichloroacetic acid. Medicines are used as peroxide.
Disinfectants are made from salt: 20 g of the spice must be dissolved in chilled boiled water (1 cup). Stir the solution and rinse your nose with a clean syringe. Then you need to insert cotton swabs and press the wings to the partition.
In the absence of the necessary equipment, the saline solution must be inhaled, and then pinch your nose for 1-2 minutes. The head must be lowered so that the product does not penetrate the esophagus.
With brittle capillaries, oil is applied to the rosehip or sea buckthorn oil. Rinse your nose in advance with saline or peroxide for disinfection. Cauterize capillaries with alum. 1 part of the product requires 3 parts of water.
Help children
How to quickly stop nosebleeds in a child? He needs to sit on a flat surface, and under the chin you need to substitute a napkin. The head should be bent, put ice on the nose. If the blood does not stop, you need to introduce narrow cotton swabs saturated with peroxide or nasal drops into the nose.
Apply saline or vinegar solution is undesirable. It is necessary to unfasten the collar, bring the child to the open window. You should breathe through your nose. Oxygen causes blood clots to block the bursting capillaries, so blood stops flowing.
With severe bleeding, children are given 1 liter. calcium chloride (5-10%). An effective “Vikasol” tablet or a weak saline solution (60 ml.) To narrow the vessels in the mouth, ice must be held. These are the basic methods for stopping prolonged nosebleeds.
During pregnancy
During the bearing of the baby, strong changes occur in the body. It applies to the nasal mucosa. High blood pressure, rhinitis and other factors lead to frequent bleeding. Stop it by washing the nose with saline.
Improve the condition of the mucosa will allow petroleum jelly or natural vegetable oil. As a preventive measure, often ventilate the room, consume more fluid. An air humidifier must be installed in the bedroom.
Harness Removal
It happens that the bleeding stops, but a new problem arises. Need to know how to carefully remove cotton swabs so as not to damage the crust in the nose? Boiled water or peroxide will help soak cotton wool. The liquid must be scooped up with hands or typed in a plate. A cotton swab should absorb the product.
Wet material must be removed from the nasal passages. Then, the nose should be washed with a weak saline solution to facilitate breathing and to clear the passages of blood particles. 5-10 ml of liquid is injected with the head bowed. The solution should be removed by itself, but it is impossible to blow your nose. Do not remove cotton if it is stuck to the mucous membrane. After removing the tampon and washing, ascorbic acid is applied to the mucosa.
Contraindications
After stopping the bleeding, the patient should be given mineral or distilled water (1 glass) to restore fluid balance. For 24-36 hours you can not drink black tea, alcohol, cocoa, coffee. Drinks include caffeine, which leads to increased pressure and vasodilation.
Blood loss is considered stress for the body, so a person needs to lie down for 3-4 hours to rest and recover. Capillaries and vessels in the nose burst due to injuries, the use of nasal drops in large quantities and the presence of chronic ailments - sinusitis or sinusitis. Persistent bleeding is a sign of health problems.
When do you need a doctor?
How to stop severe bleeding to the nose? Often, home remedies help to cope with the problem, if used correctly. But the help of a doctor is required in the following cases:
- Taking hemorrhage drugs or problems with blood coagulation when bleeding does not stop.
- Symptoms of anemia: palpitations, shortness of breath, pallor.
- Epistaxis appeared in a child under 2 years old.
- When the blood flows regularly.
You must go to the hospital in the following cases:
- the duration of bleeding is more than 20 minutes;
- strong blood flow;
- have trouble breathing;
- penetration of blood into the body, leading to vomiting;
- bleeding appeared after a serious injury.
Prevention
To prevent nosebleeds, you must:
- Use indoor humidifiers.
- Do not pick your nose.
- Do not use a large amount of allergy and a cold, as they dry the nasal mucosa.
- Maintain pressure control.
- Follow the doctor's recommendations if the condition arose due to any disease.
Blood should not be allowed to enter the airways. Therefore, lying down on the bed, it is necessary to raise the headboard using a high pillow. You should not throw your head back, besides, the blood must be spit.
Anxiety, drinking tea and coffee leads to increased pressure. It is necessary to behave calmly, and also to exclude these drinks from the use. During a blood stop, a crust appears in the nose, so you should not blow your nose immediately so that blood does not go again. Following simple recommendations will help to quickly fix the problem, preventing the deterioration of the condition.