In the pleural region, fluid can accumulate only with the development of pathological conditions. Excessive vascular permeability along with severe heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver and so on provokes its accumulation in the lungs. Permeability of the pleural vascular system leads to the accumulation of transudate, and inflammatory processes to the formation of exudate.
Causes
This deviation is caused by the following factors:
- The presence of inflammatory diseases of various etiologies, depending on the nature of the course.
- The occurrence of problems of the cardiac and vascular system, for example, arrhythmia along with heart defects, which leads to pulmonary failure.
- Getting injuries to the lungs and chest.
- The development of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the brain.
- The influence of malignant tumors, regardless of the area of localization.
- Pneumotrax, when gases accumulate in the area surrounding the lungs.
The effect on the body of toxic compounds can also provoke the accumulation of fluid in the lungs during pneumonia, especially in cases where the poisonous component has been in contact with the body for a long time. The accumulation of fluid in the lungs provokes progressive respiratory failure.
Symptomatology
The first signs of the manifestation of fluid in the lungs with pneumonia are the development of shortness of breath along with the occurrence of weakness and fatigue, which falls on the patient suddenly. In this case, the occurrence of shortness of breath does not depend on whether the patient performs certain actions or is at rest. The symptomatology of a lung disease directly depends on the amount of accumulated fluid and on whether this condition is accompanied by edema.
In the case of an aggravation of the general condition, as a rule, a cough occurs, at first it is harsh and deep, then sputum, which is distinguished by a mucous character, begins to be produced, pain is felt in the chest, which intensifies on inhalation. The skin quickly turns pale. At the time of shortness of breath, one can notice a blanching of the integument with pronounced cyanosis.
A patient with fluid in the lungs with pneumonia experiences dizziness, among other things, breathing quickens, a disorder of consciousness may occur periodically, the temperature rises and the patient begins to fever. Nervous disorders can be detected, such a person is unreasonably annoyed by circumstances. Especially often an attack of shortness of breath with a feeling of lack of air occurs in the morning. Stress, hypothermia, palpitations, and, in addition, smoking can also provoke suffocation.
Fluid in the lungs with pneumonia in a child
It is well known that young children are prone to pneumonia much more often than adults. There are several reasons for this fact. First of all, babies have rather weak immunity in comparison with adults. And the second reason lies in the fact that the respiratory system in children is not so developed. In addition, the narrowness of the respiratory canals in them causes stagnation of mucus, making it difficult to remove.
Also, in infants, breathing is usually carried out using the movements of the diaphragm, which is affected by the state of the digestive system. Violation of work, expressed, for example, in bloating, immediately affects the condition of the lungs, as a stagnant phenomenon occurs in them, leading to an increase in the volume of pathogenic microscopic organisms. Infants have weak respiratory muscles, preventing them from coughing up sputum effectively.
In the case of a sharp onset of deterioration in children with accumulation of fluid in the lungs with pneumonia, the temperature rises to high numbers. In the presence of a purulent process, it can be high and accompanied by chills. In weakened children, the temperature only increases slightly.
Severe chest pain during breathing causes the child to spare the side of the lesion. In this case, half of the chest almost does not take part in breathing. Breathing is usually superficial, and at the same time quickened and groaning. Deep breaths in the presence of fluid in the lungs increase pain.
Dyspnea intensifies. Against this background, the respiratory rate reaches eighty times per minute. The skin becomes cyanotic. A painful, painful cough intensifies. The feeling of lack of air is disturbing. Children refuse to eat. With inflammation of the lower lobe of the lung, severe pain in the abdomen may be present.
Diagnostics
Experienced doctors can identify the site of inflammation by listening to wheezing and noise in the lungs and tapping the chest. Also, other diagnostic signs in the form of respiratory failure, the nature of hyperthermia, damage to the upper respiratory canals and so on are used to recognize the disease.
However, in order to unambiguously diagnose and determine the position of the focus of the disease in most situations, radiography is required. On x-rays, the degree of lung damage and the area of distribution of pathological processes are clearly visible. It is this symptom that is the most important in the diagnostic process.
But, nevertheless, X-ray does not always make it possible to determine the causative agent of the disease. But it is precisely on this information that the treatment strategy depends in many respects. For these purposes, bacteriological analyzes are used. True, doctors are not always able to determine the causative agent unambiguously, since several potential pathogenic microscopic organisms can be contained in sputum.
Treatment of pneumonia with fluid in the lungs
In order to eliminate liquid accumulation, a special procedure called "pleurodesis" is performed. A special talcum powder is introduced into the lungs between the pleural layers, which prevents tissue from sticking together, preventing fluid accumulation. The procedure usually helps in 70% of cases. As part of improving the condition of the remaining patients, surgery may also be necessary, namely pleurectomy. Against this background, part of the pleura during the operation is removed.
When edema occurs spontaneously, and the condition, in turn, deteriorates sharply, the patient urgently needs to be hospitalized. Recovery of the patient includes the introduction of drugs that relieve the inflammatory process, and pumping out fluid from the lungs. In pneumonia, minor edema that does not increase and does not cause tissue cyanosis and asthma attacks is permitted at home. Doctor supervision and periodic follow-up visits are essential.
How to pump fluid from the lungs with pneumonia?
To do this, use "Novocaine", a solution of iodine, ethyl alcohol. The patient is seated on a chair, while he should lean on the table and lean forward. On the basis of ultrasound and chest x-ray in two projections, the doctor finds the necessary place. How to pump fluid from the lungs with pneumonia, it is important to find out in advance.
A puncture is made along the upper edge of the lung, then with the help of a syringe, the accumulated fluid is pumped out. If purulent exudate is secreted, then washing of the pleural cavity is recommended.
Preventive measures
How to prevent the formation of fluid in the lungs after pneumonia?
In the event that fluid accumulation has already been recorded in the lungs, then, unfortunately, it is impossible to exclude the repetition of such a state. To reduce the risks, those suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system or kidney failure must undergo an examination from time to time, performing all the appointments of a doctor. Allergy sufferers need to have antihistamines with a quick action, they should try to protect themselves from contact with allergens.
Bed rest
In the event of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the respiratory organs, one must always try to observe bed rest, limiting the load and starting intensive therapeutic measures. In case of work in conditions where toxic substances are present in the air composition along with dust particles or increased humidity in the room, it is required to use a respirator.
It is important to quit smoking, since the frequency of fluid accumulation in the lungs of smokers is doubled compared with non-smokers with pneumonia. It should be noted that respiratory system diseases occur in 80% of smokers.
A small accumulation of exudate
With a small accumulation of exudate, the body is quite able to cope on its own. A large volume of exudate can cause pulmonary edema, provoking a violation of gas exchange in the body, and leading to oxygen starvation of the brain. A similar condition can provoke a severe autonomic disorder with lesions of the nervous system. Rapidly developing pulmonary edema often ends fatally.
Effects
A started process can have serious consequences for fluid in the lungs and pneumonia:
- The appearance of pleural adhesions.
- The occurrence of bronchopleural fistula.
- The presence of circulatory disorders due to compression of blood vessels.
In the process of aggravation of the pathology under the pressure of the fluid, the veins and even the heart can move in the opposite direction, which leads to an increase in intrathoracic pressure, and at the same time to a violation of the blood flow to the main organ. Against this background, the prevention of pulmonary heart failure is the central task of all therapeutic measures.
In case of bias detection, the patient is prescribed emergency pleurocentesis. An empyema is considered an extremely dangerous complication, in which a pocket with pus is formed, which, ultimately, leads to scarring and blocking of the lung. A breakthrough of exudate into the lung tissue threatens death. Amyloidosis of parenchymal organs is also possible.
Against the background of compression of the vessels, tissue ventilation is disturbed. Given immune disorders, this creates a favorable environment for the further spread of viruses and bacteria.
Conclusion
The consequences of the pathology and the chances of recovery depend on the efficiency of the measures taken. If the fluid is removed on time and adequate treatment is prescribed, then there is no threat to the patient's life. However, patients need regular monitoring in order to timely diagnose relapses when they occur.