"Tramadol" is a drug in the group of opioid narcotic analgesics. The medication is capable of exerting a pronounced analgesic effect that persists for a long time. The drug is dispensed from pharmacies strictly according to the prescription, and its turnover is controlled by drug control.
Pharmacological forms
According to the instructions for use, Tramadol is available in tablet, capsule, and injectable forms, as well as in the form of suppositories and oral drops. Regardless of the pharmacological form, the main active ingredient in the drug is tramadol hydrochloride.
Description, composition
Each milliliter of oral drops contains 100 mg of the active substance. The auxiliary components are purified water, anise oil, peppermint oil, sodium saccharin, potassium sorbate, polysorbate, propylene glycol, glycerin, and sucrose.
Each capsule contains 50 mg of tramadol, magnesium stearate and lactose monohydrate. Content is placed in a black gelatin shell.
Each Tramadol tablet, film-coated, contains 100, 150, 200 mg of the active component. Excipients are anhydrous magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose. The film membrane is made of propylene glycol, titanium dioxide, talc, macrogol 6000, lactose monohydrate, hypromellose.
In the composition of rectal suppositories, tramadol hydrochloride and solid fat are present.
Tramadol in ampoules has a dosage of 50 mg. It also contains injection water and sodium acetate.
Pharmacological group
As indicated by the instructions for use, "Tramadol" in its pharmacological group is an opioid narcotic analgesic. The mechanism of its effect is mixed. The drug has a central type of action, has a bright analgesic effect.
Indications for use
The medicine "Tramadol" is indicated for use if there is a need to relieve severe pain that occurs:
- With various diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations.
- With malignant tumors.
- With myocardial infarction.
- With neuralgia.
- In the postoperative period.
- In the post-traumatic period.
The optimal pharmacological form of the drug is determined by the doctor, taking into account the intensity of the pain syndrome. It is important to take into account the source of pain.
Specialists prescribe Tramadol for oncology, as a rule, in the form of injections. In order to achieve the best effect, an increase in the dose is allowed. It is unacceptable to use the medication for a long time, as this can be addictive, and the therapeutic effect in such cases is minimal.
Oral drops can be prescribed to patients up to a year in order to eliminate a severe pain syndrome. Dosage should be calculated individually. The remaining pharmacological forms can be used only from 14 years old.
The use of an opioid analgesic during pregnancy is strictly prohibited, as tramadol hydrochloride adversely affects the development of the fetus. Small doses of the active component are able to penetrate into breast milk, and therefore the use of the drug in the lactation period is prohibited.
Contraindications
In accordance with the instructions for use with Tramadol, its use is contraindicated if the patient has the following pathological and physiological conditions:
- Hypersensitivity to any component in the composition.
- The lactation period.
- Pregnancy.
- Age to a year.
- In parallel with drugs that are monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
- With the parallel use of psychoactive substances by the patient.
- Lack of hepatic activity.
- Severe renal failure.
- CNS depression or breathing.
It is important to exercise caution when using the medication if patients have such disorders as:
- The tendency to addiction.
- Pain in the peritoneum.
- Epileptic syndrome.
- Cramps.
- Increased cranial pressure.
- Condition after head injury.
- Confusion of any genesis.
- Disorders of the kidneys, liver.
Use of medication
Tramadol injections and tablets should be used exclusively as directed by a doctor. The duration of the therapeutic course, the regimen, dosage and pharmacological form are determined individually.
Adult patients are prescribed one tablet or capsule. It is necessary to take them whole, to drink with clean water without gas in large quantities. In the absence of the desired effect within an hour, a repeat of the dose is allowed.
For relief of severe pain, a single dosage is doubled. The effect after the use of the drug lasts up to 8 hours. Per day, it is allowed to take no more than 8 units of the drug in tablet or capsule form.
How to use "Tramadol" in ampoules?
The injection solution should be administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly. The dosage used is up to 100 mg. Regardless of the route of administration, infusion of the solution should be very slow. No more than 400 mg of tramadol hydrochloride is allowed to be administered per day, no more than 600 mg for cancer patients.
Rectal suppositories can be used to quench pain only in adult patients. A single recommended dosage is 100 mg of tramadol hydrochloride, and a maximum daily dosage of 400 mg.
The drug is contraindicated in patients up to a year. Therapy for patients 1-14 years old is carried out using oral drops. Dosage is calculated based on 1-2 mg / kg.
Drops of Tramadol should be taken with a small amount of liquid or sugar.
Children up to a year should take no more than 8 drops per day, children 1-3 years old - no more than 12 drops, children 3-6 years old - no more than 16 drops, children 6-9 years old - no more than 24 drops, children 12-14 years old - no more than 36 drops.
Negative impact
Against the background of the use of the Tramadol medication, some negative reactions may develop, including:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea.
- Sweating.
- Asthenia.
- Itchy skin.
- Weakness.
- Nausea.
- Pain in the head.
- Dizziness.
In some rare cases, under the influence of Tramadol, patients develop:
- Visual impairment.
- Urinary retention.
- Epigastric pain.
- Tremor of the limbs.
- Hypotension.
- Weight loss.
In extremely rare cases, the patient may suffer from hallucinations.
Interaction with other medicines
The combination of "Tramadol" with ethanol provokes respiratory depression in a patient. There are clinical data on the occurrence of seizures of an epileptic nature with the parallel use of the drug with MAO inhibitors. Such a combination of drugs can provoke life-threatening consequences for the patient.
This is confirmed by the instructions for use with Tramadol.
Overdose
In case of an overdose of an opioid medication, respiratory depression occurs, convulsive conditions develop. The victim should be hospitalized to provide the necessary assistance, which consists in conducting active ventilation of the lungs. If the overdose condition is not accompanied by severe symptoms, it is possible to stabilize the patient's condition by washing the stomach and taking enterosorbents.
Analogs of Tramadol
If necessary, the medication can be replaced with one of the analogues. The most popular substitutes are:
- "Tramatseta". It is a combined analgesic drug, the therapeutic effect of which develops due to the effects of paracetamol and tramadol in its composition. The manufacturer produces the drug in tablet form. It is allowed to use the medicine in patients from 14 years old.
- Ramleps. It is a combined medication, which includes several active components, including tramadol. The manufacturer produces the drug in tablet form, is allowed for use in patients from 14 years old. It is strictly forbidden to use "Ramlepsa" by pregnant women and in the lactation period.
- Another analogue of Tramadol is Zaldiar. Its composition contains such active components as paracetamol and tramadol. It has a tablet form, can be prescribed to patients from 14 years old, is contraindicated in the lactation period and during pregnancy.
- "Tramal." It is a complete analogue of Tramadol. The manufacturer produces "Tramal" in the form of an injection solution, capsules, suppositories, oral drops. It can be used in the treatment of children from 1 year. It is contraindicated during pregnancy and in the lactation period, however, a single use is not a reason to stop breastfeeding.
It is important to remember that these drugs are narcotic substances, have contraindications, can provoke undesirable reactions, so their use should be regulated by a doctor.
The average packaging cost of Tramadol in Russian pharmacies is 90 rubles.
Reviews about "Tramadol"
There are a lot of feedback on the experience of using Tramadol. Patients note the speed of the drug, its high efficiency, even with too pronounced pain.
A separate group consists of reviews of the “Tramadol” of relatives of cancer patients. The fact is that, for these patients, the drug is prescribed only in the early stages of cancer, and its main task is not to treat, but to alleviate the condition of a dying patient.
The negative characteristics of a medication is its ability to provoke negative reactions, tolerance to the active substance that occurs over time, sometimes even a narcotic dependence.
It is important to remember that potent drugs such as opioid analgesics should be prescribed by a specialist for strict indications and taken under his supervision.