Over the period of the existence of antibiotics, many bacteria have appeared that produce substances that suppress their action. To combat some of these microorganisms, the drug Oxacillin is used, the instructions for use of which are discussed in this article.
Composition and principle of action
Oxacillin is an antibiotic related to semisynthetic penicillins. Under its action, the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall is blocked, and the dividing bacterial cells are destroyed . Actively active in relation to gram-positive microorganisms, including and to those that produce penicillinase - a substance that suppresses the effect of penicillin. The bacteria affected by it include staphylococci, streptococci, gram-negative cocci, anaerobic spore-forming bacilli. For most gram-negative microorganisms, the drug "Oxacillin" does not work.
Mode of application
The medicine "Oxacillin" instructions for use recommends use for infections caused by gram-positive microorganisms:
- sinusitis,
- sepsis,
- abscess,
- cholecystitis,
- phlegmon,
- pyelitis,
- osteomyelitis
- cystitis
- wound and postoperative infections,
- infected burns,
- bacterial endocarditis,
- meningitis.
There are two forms of release of the drug "Oxacillin": tablets and solution for injection.
Tablets are recommended to be taken one hour before a meal. For adults, the maximum dose is 3 grams per day. The duration of treatment is from 7 to 10 days, with severe pathologies can be extended up to 3 weeks.
The solution is administered intramuscularly and intravenously. Dosage - from 2 to 4 grams of the drug per day. For intramuscular administration, a 0.25-gram vial of oxacillin is diluted with 1.5 ml of water for injection. With intravenous administration, from 0.25 to 5 g of the drug is dissolved in 5 ml of sodium chloride or water for injection. It is also possible drip administration of the drug.
The exact dosage of the solution and tablets is prescribed by the doctor.
Contraindications and side effects
For the drug "Oxacillin," the instruction names the following contraindications. It can not be taken with hypersensitivity, as well as in cases where the body does not tolerate beta-lactam antibiotics. With caution, the drug should be taken for diseases such as bronchial asthma, enterocolitis, allergies, as well as kidney pathologies. The drug "Oxacillin" also advises nursing and expectant mothers to use the instructions only in extreme cases. When taking it while breastfeeding, you should switch to artificial baby food. It is not recommended to use the medicine to treat infections that are caused by microorganisms sensitive to benzylpenicillin.
When taking the drug, a number of side effects may occur. These include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions (urticaria, pruritus). When prescribing a daily dose of more than 6 g, this medication has a hepatotoxic effect on the body: nausea, vomiting, hyperthermia occur, the skin acquires an icteric shade. For the drug "Oxacillin", the instructions for use indicate such side effects as proteinuria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis. With its intravenous administration, thrombophlebitis may occur.
There are a number of limitations when using the drug in conjunction with other medicines. Under its action, the toxicity of methotrexate is enhanced due to the fact that both drugs fight for tubular secretion. With the simultaneous administration of oxacillin and calcium folinate, it may be necessary to increase the dose of the antidote of folic acid antagonists. This medicine should not be prescribed in conjunction with drugs that have a pronounced hepatotoxic effect. Also, simultaneously with the Oxacillin agent, it is not recommended to take bacteriostatic antibiotics - in this case its effectiveness decreases. With the simultaneous administration of antacids and laxatives, its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract decreases.