Available in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution administered intramuscularly diluted, the Klaforan antibiotic is recommended for use in severe diseases. Before using the drug, it is necessary to conduct a sensitivity test - this will avoid an unsuccessfully chosen course. Use "Claforan" can only be under the supervision of a doctor, otherwise the likelihood of an unwanted response from the body is high.
When will it help?
The use of Claforan for bacterial invasion is justified if the pathogen is sensitive to the elements of the drug. The drug is used for diseases of the respiratory system. The medicine is not indicated for infection of this area with enterococci. It can be used in the localization of the bacterial infectious process in the skin, soft tissues. The drug is indicated for burns, wounds. It can be used in the localization of the pathogen in articular tissues, musculoskeletal system, urine flow paths. "Klaforan" is used for bacterial invasion of the pelvic organs, with obstetric and gynecological pathological conditions. The tool is effective for gonorrhea pathogens that generate penicillinase.
In the instructions for use of "Claforan", it is recommended to inject the drug with septicemia, bacteremia, inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity, intra-abdominal. The drug is effective for bacterial meningitis similar to endocarditis. "Klaforan" is prescribed for Lyme disease, fever for typhoid, infectious processes in case of deficiency of the immune system. The tool is used as a preventive measure after surgery to prevent infection. It can be used if the lesion was localized in the digestive tract.
How to use?
To ensure maximum safety of the therapeutic course, one should not only take into account the recommendations of the attending physician, but also strictly follow the instructions. "Klaforan" refers to fairly strong antibiotics. Incorrect use can cause an unwanted response from the body, an allergic reaction, or other health problems. The product is in the form of a powder for dilution in a special liquid. Tablets under the indicated name are not available.
The solution for the injection of “Claforan”, according to the instructions, is prepared as follows: the contents of one ampoule are diluted in special purified water. The optimal ratio of components: 0.5-1 g of powder - 10 ml of water, 2 g - 10-15 ml.
If the substance is intended to be injected into a vein, saline can be used instead of water. An alternative is a five percent dextrose solution. For 1-2 g of antibiotic, 50-100 ml of liquid is needed.
The introduction of the drug into the muscle usually requires the dissolution of the powder in lidocaine. Use a one percent solution of pain medication. For 0.5 g of antibiotic, 2 ml of liquid is needed, for a twice as large dose - 3 ml, for 2 g - 5 ml.
Diagnoses and application
Instructions for use "Claforan" (there are no such tablets, but antibiotic injections show a pronounced effect) is recommended for uncomplicated course for adult patients with acute gonorrhea. The drug is used once. Dosage - 0.5-1 g of antibiotic. The optimal format for use is in muscle tissue.
In case of uncomplicated infection, the instructions for use "Klaforan" is also recommended for a long course. With this form of the disease, including the urinary tract as an area of localization, you should use the substance in a vein or inject into the muscle tissue for 1 g. The frequency of procedures is twice a day. Between injections, it is recommended to clearly stand 12 hours.
Infection of moderate severity requires the introduction into the vein, muscle tissue with the same frequency of 1-2 g of the drug. With a very severe course of the disease, 2 g of the antibiotic is injected into the vein every 7 hours (a deviation of up or down for an hour is possible). It is recommended, in particular, for meningitis.
The nuances of the introduction
Following the instructions for use, "Klaforan" (there are no such tablets, only powder for solution preparation) is used for a long course. The duration of the treatment program is determined by the nuances of a particular case, the diagnosis, the body's response to the medication. For more than ten days, "Klaforan" is allowed to be used only if it is possible to control the quality of blood, to monitor the concentration of uniform elements.
As a means of preventing infectious infections during surgery, the drug is used before surgery. It is recommended to inject “Klaforan” at the stage of primary anesthesia in an amount of 1 g. If there is evidence for this, after 6-12 hours, you can repeat the procedure.
Instructions for use "Claforan" for women in labor who have a Caesarean section are shown at the stage of clamping. At this point, 1 g of antibiotic should be injected into the navel vein. The procedure is repeated twice in the same volume: 6 hours after clamping and after 12.
Subtleties of the course
The manufacturer explains in the instructions for use: Klaforana injections are allowed to be given in case of insufficient kidney function, but with strict limitations. With a creatinine clearance of 10 ml / min or less, a twice lower dosage is put on the day than for an ordinary patient.
If it is necessary to use an antibiotic for children whose weight is less than 50 kg, the daily dose is calculated based on the weight: 50-100 mg of the drug is taken for each kilogram. The total amount is divided into 3-4 injections into muscle tissue or a vein.
In cases of severe infection, a dosage increase of up to 200 mg / kg is allowed. With a weight of more than 50 mg, Klaforan is prescribed to children in the same volume as adults.
Young children: course features
It is allowed to use the drug for the treatment of preterm infants, infants younger than a week in injections. Instruction for the use of "Claforan" for children, the dosage is recommended for a day from 50 mg / kg to twice as much. The volume calculated on the day is injected into two procedures, dividing it between them equally.
For a group older than a week old, but younger than a month old, "Klaforan" is shown in the amount of 75-150 mg per kg of weight. The volume thus calculated is divided into three equal doses. Injections of "Claforan" are shown to children with instructions for use strictly in a vein.
It is impossible!
Instructions for the use of injections of "Claforan" are forbidden to do if hypersensitivity to any substance present in the composition of the medication, including liquid for diluting the powder, is established. Do not use the drug if a high susceptibility of antibiotics of the penicillin series, carbapenem, cephalosporins is revealed.
Klaforan is not used to treat expectant mothers who are pregnant. For children under two and a half years old, only intravenous injection is allowed. The option of intramuscular administration for babies is strictly prohibited.
Restrictions on the use of the composition is considered to be a mention in the medical history of enterocolitis. Claforan is used with caution in case of chronic kidney failure.
Pharmacology: nuances
The instructions for use of “Claforan” indicate that the drug belongs to bactericidal medicines. The product has a broad spectrum antibacterial effect. A distinctive feature is increased tropism for penicillin-binding proteins (such are present in the shell of some microbes). The active substance contained in Klaforan is able to deactivate peptidoglycan polymerase. Under the influence of the drug, the processes of biological synthesis in the microbial cell wall of the mucopeptide change, which leads to disruption of life.
A single injection into muscle tissue, a vein of 0.5-1 g of an antibiotic allows you to observe the maximum content in the circulatory system on average after half an hour. Instructions for use "Claforan" clarifies: for a dose of 0.5 g, the intrinsic concentration is 11 μg / ml, for a twice as much - 21 μg / ml. Five minutes after injecting the drug into a vein, a maximum concentration is achievable. For doses of 0.5, 1, 2 g - the parameters are 39, 100, 214 μg / ml.
Why does it work?
Tests show that the substance accumulates in concentrations sufficient for a pronounced therapeutic effect in almost all body tissues. "Klaforan" is found in the heart, musculoskeletal system, skin, soft structures, gall bladder. The substance is observed in the fluids of the joints, pericardium, abdominal cavity, spinal cord, and pleural effusion. Analyzes showed a sufficient amount of antibiotic to obtain an antibacterial effect in sputum, urine, and bile.
The substance passes through the placental barrier. The presence of an antibiotic in breast milk was detected.
Performance Nuances
The half-life of serum is estimated on average per hour. The indicator does not depend on the method of administration of the drug. Elimination is carried out by the kidneys.
"Claforan" has an extensive antibacterial effect. Persistence has been identified with respect to four out of five beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria. The substance is not destroyed under the influence of penicillinase generated by staphylococci. Effectiveness against multiresistant varieties, for which resistance to the first generation of cephalosporins, penicillin series, aminoglycosides, is characteristic at the same time, has been established. A slightly less high activity is inherent with respect to gram-positive cocci (in comparison with the first, second generation of cephalosporin antibiotics).
Resistance to medication is shown by a number of clostridia, bacteroids, acinetobacteria, staphilo-, enterococci, listeria, pseudomonads, stenotrophomonads.
Negative consequences
As follows from the reviews, the instruction for the use of injections "Klaforan" describes in quite some detail all the possible side effects that the patient may encounter. Based on the feedback used by "Klaforan", the drug really often provokes undesirable consequences. This is more typical of the case when the tool is used uncontrollably.
As tests show, the substance sometimes causes arrhythmias, the head can hurt and spin, there is a risk of neutro-, leuko-, granulocyte-, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia. There is a risk of anemia, vomiting, and nausea. Some have abdominal pains, stool disturbance, increased gas formation and intestinal dysbacteriosis. Tests can show an increase in the activity of liver enzymes, bilirubin and some other substances. In rare cases, "Klaforan" provokes inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, colitis. The drug can cause an increase in the content of creatinine and urea in the circulatory system. The therapeutic course can provoke an allergic response of the body of varying severity. There is a likelihood of developing superinfection, candidiasis, a local reaction: soreness, swelling of the area of injective management, inflammation in this area. Introduction to a vein can trigger phlebitis.
Is there an alternative: Claforan’s analogues
Reviews, instructions for use, indications and contraindications, nuances and limitations, possible replacements - all this information is of interest to the person to whom the doctor prescribed “Klaforan”. The medication is based on cefotaxime, and the closest alternatives to the drug in question are substances created on the same active component. On sale, they are presented under the names:
- Cefotaxime.
- "Liforan".
- Cetax.
If it is impossible to purchase the composition prescribed by the doctor, the possibility of replacing the alternative with the attending physician should be agreed. Independent choice of an analogue can cause an undesirable outcome of treatment, a low level of effectiveness, and also increases the risk of developing an allergic reaction, bacterial resistance to the drug.
Too much!
The use of the drug is associated with a risk of overdose. Encephalopathy indicates it. When revealing the fact of excessive use of the antibiotic, measures are shown to maintain the vital functions of the body.
Combined course
The combination of the described agent with loop diuretics is associated with an increased risk for the kidneys. The toxic effect on this organ becomes greater when combined with aminoglycosides, polymyxin B. The simultaneous use of the described antibiotic and probenecide slows down the elimination of the antimicrobial composition. Consequently, its concentration in the circulatory system increases, the half-life becomes longer, and the risk of adverse reactions of different severity increases.
When combined with drugs that weaken the ability of blood to clot, an antibiotic can cause bleeding. This applies, inter alia, to the combined course of Klaforan and non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs.
The antibiotic is categorically incompatible with other antimicrobial solutions in the same container (syringe). You can not simultaneously combine "Klaforan" and other antimicrobial compounds in a solution for infusion into a vein.
Nuances and safety
Particularly careful attention is required by the use of "Klaforan" by individuals who are prone to an allergic reaction to various substances, including medications. If it is necessary to undergo treatment at the stage of breastfeeding, it is reasonable to refuse breastfeeding, transfer the baby to alternative nutrition.
If necessary, combine “Klaforan” and substances toxic to the kidneys, it is important to regularly check the work of this body. With a long therapeutic course (11 days or more), you will have to constantly take blood tests to determine the cellular composition.
When prescribing "Klaforan" to people of advanced age, weakened patients, the drug is combined with nicotinic acid. This vitamin helps prevent too weak blood coagulation.
If the use of an antibiotic has caused a condition similar to pseudomembranous colitis, you should immediately cancel the medication.
Safety comes first
Before the initial prescription of the drug, it is necessary to carefully collect an allergological history, paying particular attention to the phenomena of diathesis, hypersensitivity to beta-lactam agents. In clinical practice, there have been cases of a cross allergic response between the penicillin series and cephalosporins - this is inherent in 5-10% of patients. If there is evidence of an allergy to penicillin in the medical history, Claforan can be used very carefully.
In case of doubt, increased danger, the likelihood of allergies during the initial administration of the composition, the procedure is carried out strictly under the supervision of a qualified doctor. Take into account the risk of anaphylactic reaction requiring urgent care.