What is Biseptolum? This is one of the most controversial and well-known drugs with antibacterial effect. In the last century, or rather, in the eighties and nineties, he was at the peak of popularity. It was recommended for use by doctors of all specialties, and patients, sensing its effect, were considered the best remedy for all ailments. In other words, at that time the uncontrolled use of this medicine began. Self-medicating, it was used for any reason. As a result, many microorganisms became insensitive to it. In this article we will understand why Biseptol is needed and whether its administration is safe.
Composition and release forms
The medication is available in the following dosage forms: tablets, suspension, syrup, ampoules. All of them are represented in the pharmacy network. The main component of Biseptolum is sulfamethoxazole, which refers to sulfonamide drugs. It is endowed with a powerful bactericidal effect. Due to its effect, the synthesis of dihydrofolate acid fails, which is responsible for division and protein metabolism in the cells of pathogens, as a result, they die.
The second active substance, which, depending on the conditions, has a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect, called trimethoprim, being a blocker of bacterial digirofolate reductase, enhances its effect. The concentration of these substances in all dosage forms is precisely calibrated to achieve the maximum antibacterial effect. Can Biseptol be considered an antibiotic? Despite the fact that the drug has a similar effect, it does not belong to this group of medicines. He is united with antibiotics by the fact that he is dispensed in pharmacies strictly according to the prescription.
Indications for use
What helps Biseptol tablets from? Of course, the main indications are ailments caused by pathogens, as well as protozoa. The antibacterial effect of the drug is:
- E. coli;
- staphylococci;
- Salmonella
- toxoplasma;
- chlamydia
- streptococci and others.
Thus, the list of ailments for which this drug is recommended is quite wide. According to the official instructions for use, it is prescribed for:
- urinary tract infections and respiratory tract infections;
- pneumonia;
- ENT organs;
- Gastrointestinal tract;
- brucellosis;
- toxoplasmosis;
- actinomycosis;
- and other bacterial infections.
Doctors consider this drug to be ambiguous and often argue about its effectiveness and feasibility of taking for infectious diseases due to the sensitivity of a number of bacteria to the components of the drug.
Treatment of prostatitis
What helps Biseptol tablets from? It turns out that their use in the treatment of prostatitis is justified. The doctor recommends their administration if the disease is infectious. The active substances of the drug penetrate the prostate tissue and have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms. The decrease in activity and the number of bacteria relieves prostate edema, reduces pain, and also eliminates other symptoms of the disease. Coursework lasts at least two weeks. In the first days of treatment, the doctor prescribes the maximum permissible dose, then it decreases. After a couple of days, the individual feels a relief. At this point, it is important not to interrupt the course of treatment in order to prevent the development of a chronic form of the disease. During therapy, it is very important to observe the doses prescribed by the doctor. Otherwise, serious adverse events are inevitable.
The rules for taking "Biseptolum". How much and how to drink?
Pharmacotherapy for any ailments should not be chaotic, and especially when using antimicrobial agents. The success of treatment depends on strict adherence to the rules for taking the medicine. Their implementation will not be difficult:
- Be sure to withstand a twelve-hour interval between receptions. Failure to comply with this regime is fraught with a decrease in antibacterial activity.
- Drink syrup or tablets strictly after eating. Otherwise, there will be problems with the digestive tract.
- Follow the course of therapy recommended by the doctor. If ignored, the risk of developing complications that are difficult to treat is high.
- With prolonged use (over five days), it is necessary to monitor blood counts.
- If you skip a dose, you should take it as soon as possible. However, if it is already time to take the next dose of the medicine, then a double dose is forbidden to drink.
A single dose of the drug, as well as the duration of administration, the attending doctor selects individually. In early childhood (from two to five months), a suspension of 120 mg is prescribed, from six months to five years - 240 mg, from six to twelve years - 480 mg. From year one, children are allowed to give medicine in the form of syrup. The dose for adults is 960 mg. In severe cases of the disease, it is allowed to increase a single dose by thirty to fifty percent for both children and adults. Tablets are washed down with a large amount of liquid. Normal drinking water is best suited for these purposes.
Recommended Dosage and Duration of Tablets
Application of "Biseptol 480 & raquo; in tablets is indicated for adults and children over twelve years of age in a daily dose:
- with the usual course of the disease and chronic pathology - 960 mg, divided into two doses;
- with severe - 1,440 mg, and the ratio increases to three.
The minimum course is four days. After the symptoms of the disease disappear, they continue to drink tablets for another two days. In chronic infections, the duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
The following are the daily doses and the course dose of Biseptolum in the treatment of some serious abnormalities:
- Gonorrhea - 1 920–2 880 mg. This dose is divided into three doses.
- Gonorrheal pharyngitis - 4,320 mg. Take once a day for five days.
- Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii - the dose is calculated at the rate of 120 mg per kilogram of patient weight. Take every six hours fourteen days in a row.
- For prophylactic purposes in case of urinary tract infections - 480 mg at one time for adults and children over twelve years of age. For children up to this age, the dose is determined as follows: 12 mg is multiplied by the weight of the baby. The duration of treatment is from three months to a year.
- Acute cystitis in children from seven to sixteen years old - 960 mg twice a day, take three days.
Concentrate for solution for infusion
One ampoule of the Biseptol dosage form contains 80 mg of trimethoprim and 400 mg of sulfamethoxazole. Of the auxiliary substances in it there are:
- sodium hydroxide and disulfite;
- benzyl and ethyl alcohol;
- propylene glycol;
- water for injections.
The total volume is five milliliters. A medicine in this form is recommended when oral administration is not possible. Let's consider in more detail how to take Biseptolum in the form of a concentrate. Due to the fact that it is administered only intravenously, it should be diluted immediately before use. The following infusion solutions can be used as a solvent: 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% and 10% dextrose, Ringer. There are several breeding schemes:
- one ampoule of the drug is dissolved in 125 ml;
- two in 250 ml;
- three in 500 ml.
The prepared solution must not be mixed with other medicines or use solvents other than those listed above. Duration of administration is from sixty to ninety minutes. In cases where the individual is prohibited from administering a large amount of liquid, the use of a higher concentration of Biseptol is allowed. In this case, the ampoule is dissolved in 75 ml of 5% dextrose.
How to take "Biseptolum" in acute infections? Before administration, the medication is diluted as described above and is administered every twelve hours by:
- 2.5 ml - from three to five years;
- 5 ml - from six to twelve years.
- 10 ml - children over 12 years old and adults.
In especially severe infections, a dose increase in all age groups by fifty percent is allowed. The minimum course of treatment is five days.
Side effect
Adverse events that are most often recorded - urticaria or rash - are mainly manifested in sensitive individuals, as well as a malfunction in the digestive tract - nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and decreased appetite. In addition, possible violations by systems such as:
- Urinary - impaired renal function, increased concentration of urea, crystalluria, polyuria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, toxic nephropathy.
- Respiratory - pulmonary infiltrates, choking, bronchospasm, cough.
- Nervous - dizziness, apathy, aseptic meningitis, tremor, depression.
- Hematopoiesis - agranulocytosis, various anemia, neutro-, leuko- and thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, methemoglo- and hypoprothrombinemia.
- Musculoskeletal - myalgia, arthralgia.
It is important to remember that at the recommended doses and subject to the rules for taking Biseptol 480 tablets; side effects are minimal. The long list of side effects described in the annotation for the use of the drug indicates that the medicine has been well studied.
Liquid dosage form
Active substances in this form of release are also sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Enhancing the effect of each other, they have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacteria, blocking their destructive effect on the children's body. To impart a taste and consistency to the syrupy mass, the following ingredients are added to the medicine:
- maltitop;
- citric acid monohydrate;
- magnesium aluminum silicate;
- sodium dodecahydrate hydrogen phosphate;
- methyl and propyl hydroxybenzoate;
- sodium carmellose and saccharin;
- macrogol glyceryl hydroxystearate;
- flavoring;
- purified water.
“Biseptol” in syrup is recommended for children who are one year old, with such ailments as:
- pyelonephritis;
- sinusitis;
- meningitis;
- tracheitis;
- cystitis;
- lung abscess
- bronchitis;
- otitis;
- furunculosis;
- intestinal infections;
- urethritis;
- pyelonephritis;
- and others.
Before using the syrup, it is imperative to consider all contraindications to its use. These include serious pathologies of the cardiovascular system and blood formation, liver, kidneys, as well as individual intolerance.
Dosage and route of administration of syrup
The duration of the use of Biseptolum for children is determined by the attending doctor, as well as a single dose. The following are standard single-dose doses of the drug (in milligrams) in children of different ages:
- from one to two years - 120;
- from two to six years - 180-240;
- from six to twelve years - 240-480.
Drink syrup after meals twice a day. The interval between the first and second dose must be maintained for twelve hours. A minimum of five days lasts for a course of treatment. With strict observance of the recommendations of the pediatrician, the risk of unwanted reactions and complications is minimized.
Special instructions when using syrup
Can I take "Biseptolum" in the presence of a child’s history of allergic reactions? This question is often asked by the parents of the doctor. In this case, its use is carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician or another drug is recommended. In addition, when taking this drug, the following conditions must be met:
- Give the child more fluid, since its lack reduces the effectiveness of therapy. Any carbonated drinks are contraindicated.
- Limit the use of foods such as cheese, green vegetables, cabbage, beans, animal fats, sweets.
- It is forbidden to take the drug in conjunction with ascorbic acid, diuretics and other drugs. Painkillers can reduce the therapeutic effect of Biseptolum.
- Long-term medication requires regular monitoring of blood composition.
- The appearance of a dry cough or shortness of breath after taking a syrup is an occasion to consult a doctor.
The use of "Biseptolum": reviews
Doctors in their comments about this medicine note that it is currently very rarely recommended. However, a few years ago, it was widely used to treat various bacterial infections. Among the main causes of this phenomenon are the following:
- The uncontrolled use of the drug by many individuals, i.e. self-medication, has led to the development of the resistance of microorganisms to it. Currently has low antibacterial activity.
- Repeated and prolonged use has a negative effect on the renal system.
- A high frequency of development of allergic manifestations, the appearance of a metallic taste in the oral cavity.
At the same time, it is noted that Biseptol was actively prescribed for the treatment of opportunistic diseases associated with HIV.
Patient reviews about this tool are mostly positive. It is used for various colds, not only adults, but also children. Many people have this medication in their home medicine cabinet and they trust it, considering it a reliable and proven means.
Take the drug or not?
What is Biseptolum? This medicine is an antimicrobial. The advent of antibiotics has significantly reduced the use of sulfonamides. Currently, "Biseptolum" is practically not used:
- Taking it with a common cold or flu is completely useless, since it does not affect viruses. As a result, instead of a therapeutic individual receives only a side effect. If these diseases are weighed down by a bacterial infection, then only the attending doctor should select the necessary remedy.
- Use with cystitis in some cases can achieve good results. However, its frequent and uncontrolled use over a long period leads to a decrease in efficiency and the emergence of resistance to its components. Temporary relief by many patients is accepted as a complete cure. As a result, the disease passes into a latent chronic stage and for a long time does not manifest itself in any way, which subsequently is fraught with serious complications.
- Reception for intestinal infections in most cases is unjustified, despite the fact that Biseptol is active against E. coli.
In infectious pathologies, the pathogens of which are sensitive to Biseptol, it is still recommended. Resistant to its action - pathogenic viruses, treponema, Koch's wand, leptospira. Bacterial resistance to this drug develops very quickly, so you should follow the recommended course.
Conclusion
What is Biseptolum? The particle "bi" means that the composition of the medicine includes two main components. The second part of the word “septol” in translation from Latin is “decay”. In the pharmaceutical industry, all medicines that have such a root in their name belong to the pharmacological group of antiseptics. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are the active ingredients, the first one is endowed with a rather strong bactericidal property, and the second one enhances its effect. An ideally selected concentration of these substances allows you to achieve the maximum synergistic effect. Now you know what Biseptol is and how to use it so as not to harm your health.