Epistaxis can occur both in patients and in healthy people. In the latter category, this can be caused by symptoms of pathological processes in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, other systems and organs. Bleeding can be either front (out of the nostrils) or back (along the wall of the nasopharynx, into the stomach), causing vomiting. In most healthy people, bleeding is not heavy and goes away on their own, without treatment.
Blood from the nose, causes and their combination:
- excessive emotional and physical stress (in the nasal cavity, the filling of small vessels with blood increases, which violates the integrity of their walls;
- blood flow to the head caused by overheating of the body in the sun (headaches, noises in the head);
- drying of the mucosa caused by prolonged exposure to frosty air (the walls of superficial, small vessels are torn).
Blood from the nose, local causes:
- foreign bodies that damage the mucous membrane (cotton buds, pencils, spray dispensers, own fingers);
- injuries caused by a fall or shock (damage to the nasal structures) are accompanied by severe pain, the formation of hematomas, and swelling of the soft tissues.
- rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis (inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses). In these cases, bleeding occurs against the background of a general deterioration in well-being, fever, and so on;
- Rendu-Osler disease (vascular anomalies in the nose) causes spontaneous bleeding for no apparent reason.
If there is blood from the nose, the causes causing bleeding must also be found in the form of tumors in the sinuses, in the nasal septum and in the nasal cavity.
In most cases, the answer to the question of why blood runs from the nose is very commonplace:
- surgical interventions (septum plastic), nasal sprays and antihistamines that irritate the nasal mucosa, as well as inhalation of drugs.
Blood from the nose, systemic causes:
- allergic reactions (inflammation of the mucosa, expansion of small vessels, ruptures of their walls or petechial bleeding from them);
- alcohol consumption (dilates blood vessels, which in combination with other factors causes bleeding);
- hypertensive crisis (rupture of the walls of the vessel due to a sharp increase in pressure);
- blood diseases also increase the risk of petechial bleeding in the vessels (hemophilia, hemoblastosis, anemia);
- also, if there is blood from the nose, the reasons may be hidden in an overdose of certain medications used both inside (anticoagulants) and topically (drops for the nose);
- pathologies of connective tissues (SLE, vasculitis, scleroderma), thinning walls of blood vessels, and cause "impregnation" of blood through them.
Modern medicine explains why blood runs from the nose, deficiency of vitamin C (decreases the production of collagen) and vitamin K (decreases the viscosity of the blood), which leads to petechial bleeding from the vessels of the nose without violating the integrity of their walls.
Bleeding can be caused not only by the vessels of the mucous membrane, they can also be the result of pulmonary bleeding (blood is bright red, foamy); bleeding of the upper digestive tract (dark blood clots); bleeding from large vessels of the nose, from decaying malignant tumors, nasopharynx and so on.
It must be remembered that if you have run out of blood from the nose, the reasons should be sought only after you can stop the bleeding (within fifteen minutes). In cases where bleeding cannot be stopped and when there are doubts about its occurrence, it is necessary to immediately seek help from a specialist.