With irritation or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, an unconditioned reflex occurs - sneezing. Causes This process can be very different. In any case, sneezing is associated with rhinitis or, colloquially, with a runny nose. Rhinitis disease is divided into several types.
It can be infectious acute rhinitis, which occurs under the influence of various microbes and viruses, such as influenza and acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections and measles, gonorrhea and diphtheria, scarlet fever and tonsillitis. Similar diseases begin with frequent sneezing and lacrimation, accompanied by fever and general malaise. Later, the patient has abundant discharge of mucus from the nose. Over time, they pass into the stage of purulent-mucous membranes.
Sometimes rhinitis takes a chronic form due to the constant exposure to adverse factors, circulatory disorders of the body or occupational hazards. These factors also cause sneezing, the causes of which are listed above.
Symptoms of chronic rhinitis are also frequent sneezing, nasal and sinus congestion, thickening and inflammation of the mucous membrane, and thick discharge from the nose. Also, a runny nose is accompanied by dryness and nasal congestion, the formation of crusts, a weakening of smell. Which causes itching, burning in the nasal cavity, and also provokes frequent sneezing.
Many people are familiar with the state when sneezing occurs, the reasons for which seem to be incomprehensible. A person just left the warm room in the cold, or someone nearby spilled a sharp-smelling liquid. And it happens that sneezing arises from bright light, for example, when a person leaves a gloomy room in the sun. This is called neurovegetative or vasomotor rhinitis. Neuro-reflex disorders of the body cause a violent reaction of the nasal mucosa to irritants, which are cold air, bright light and a pungent smell.
In patients subject to vasomotor rhinitis, in the morning there is an increased nasal congestion, profuse watery mucous discharge, lacrimation and sneezing. The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is either pale or cyanotic, which is especially noticeable in the lower region of the nasal concha.
Today, an increasing number of people on our planet are prone to allergic rhinitis. This type of runny nose can be both infectious and directly allergic to a variety of factors. Doctors attribute this reaction of the body to the fact that the patient is extremely hypersensitive to the nasal mucosa.
Patients prone to allergic rhinitis complain of copious discharge from the nasal cavity, lacrimation, nasal congestion and frequent sneezing. The reasons for this reaction of the body are extremely individual: dust, pollen, animal hair, perfume, the presence of an aquarium with fish in the apartment, various medications. Allergic reactions to honey and its derivatives are noticed even in rare cases. Most often, allergic rhinitis is seasonal in nature, the aggravation of which occurs in spring or summer.
If an adult can independently determine the cause of an unpleasant condition, then it is quite difficult for kids to cope with such a task, it is almost impossible. And if the baby begins frequent sneezing, the reasons for this should be sought by adults.
Of course, initially, a sneezing child should measure the temperature to make sure that the runny nose is not a symptom of a viral or infectious disease. Although careful parents very soon find the causes of sneezing in the baby. Especially if the reaction occurs under the same circumstances.
However, sometimes adults get lost: it seems to them that there is absolutely no reason for sneezing! The house is constantly clean, there are no animals, no fish, no pungent smells, no flowers in the room. And the baby constantly sneezes often!
The reasons for this condition may be increased dryness of the air in the room. Heating batteries drain it, which causes dryness in the nose, crusts form, and the baby begins to sneeze frantically.
In order to alleviate the condition of people in the room, especially children, you should hang a wet sheet or towel in the room, spray the curtains with water, put a basin of water on the floor near the heating systems. The nasal cavity can be lubricated with liquid paraffin.