A gastrectomy is a surgical procedure aimed at removing a fragment of the stomach or the entire organ. This operation is performed in the presence of neoplasms, both benign and cancerous. As a result of its conduct, substances enter the intestine in a poorly processed form.
Consequently, the body does not receive enough vitamins and minerals. This article discusses the principles of nutrition after gastric removal, which help prevent complications.
About pathology
Malignant tumors in the digestive tract arise also due to emotional overload, abuse of alcohol and harmful products.
One of the serious ailments of this kind is a tumor of the stomach. The disease contributes to the death of mucosal cells. Pathology requires surgical intervention. The operation should be carried out as quickly as possible.
This medical measure is to remove a fragment of the organ and lymph glands in which the inflammatory process has developed. This procedure is necessary in order to prevent the growth of the tumor. If the pathology is detected at a late stage, a radical gastrectomy is performed.
This surgery involves the removal of the entire organ. The operation extremely negatively affects the patient's condition. Some patients die due to its complications.
However, even if the surgical intervention was not radical, a person will need quite a lot of time to recover. To normalize blood circulation, doctors install catheters.
Within a week after this event, the patient experiences discomfort, so he is prescribed analgesics. At first, the human body is not able to absorb the usual foods and volumes of food. Therefore, it should be eaten in small portions, five to six times a day. It is also necessary to strictly adhere to the diet. Proper nutrition after removal of the stomach helps the patient recover quickly and improve their well-being.
What complications result from gastrectomy?
Resection results in violations of the digestive tract. The absence of an organ fragment leads to the fact that food moves faster through the digestive tract. Because of this, patients experience a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen.
In addition, many patients notice dizziness, increased drowsiness, and a feeling of being overwhelmed by the profuse flow of sweat. Some people experience loss of consciousness, anemia, weight loss. All these symptoms are explained by metabolic and intestinal disorders, vitamin deficiency. To avoid such phenomena or, at least, minimize them, you must follow the nutritional rules after removing part of the stomach. Patients need to follow a diet for six months.
The basic principles of the diet
What should be the nutrition? First of all, you need to remember the following recommendations:
- A sufficient amount of proteins and complex carbohydrates should be included in the diet.
- Fats should be limited and foods fried in oil should be excluded.
- Dishes containing sugar are also prohibited. Do not use sweets, cakes, sodas and juices in bags.
- You should refuse food that promotes the separation of bile and increased activity of the pancreas.
- It is necessary to limit the amount of salt consumed to 5 grams per day.
- Alcohol-containing products, black coffee, brewed tea and cocoa are prohibited.
- Food, which includes starch (bananas, potatoes, legumes), should be minimized.
- Eat small meals at least five times a day.
- Replenish the fluid balance in the body with freshly squeezed juices without salt and sugar, weak green tea, clean water.
It must be remembered that light, but nutritious dishes containing enough fiber and vitamins will help a person quickly return to normal.
If the patient is worried about unpleasant symptoms after resection, he needs to consult a specialist about therapy.
The diet of the patient on the first day
First, a person is assigned complete starvation. He should refrain from food and liquid for two days. On the third day, you can use small portions of a decoction made from rosehip berries, weak tea, unsweetened compote without fruits and berries. However, such drinks are allowed only in the absence of stagnation in the digestive tract.
2-3 days after a gastrectomy, a special mixture containing proteins, vitamins and minerals is administered to the patient using a probe. What kind of nutrition after removal of the stomach does a person need for 4-5 days? Recommendations on the preparation of the diet are given taking into account factors such as the stage of development of pathology, the age category of the patient, his physical well-being and psychological state.
You should also gradually increase the load on the digestive tract, so as not to provoke disturbances.
Another diet should include products that prevent the appearance of tumors. Eating after removing the stomach for cancer involves eating enough fruits and vegetables, as well as eliminating foods that contain carcinogens.
Patient's diet for 4-5 days
At this time, the diet can already be diversified a little. It is necessary to eat products in pureed form.
The diet includes first courses, soufflé made from fish, meat and cottage cheese, soft-boiled eggs. Then you can add liquid foods from cereals, steamed omelets, a little mashed vegetables.
Nutrition after surgery to remove the stomach for 5-10 days involves a gradual increase in the volume of products from 50 to 400 milliliters. With a properly organized diet, a person receives all the necessary substances for recovery, but does not overload the organs of the digestive tract.
What dishes should be excluded?
After about 9-12 days, more protein-rich foods should be added to the diet. They should be stewed, boiled or steamed. Fish and meat are best served chopped.
Proper nutrition after removal of the stomach during oncology contains a minimum amount of fast carbohydrates and lipids. To avoid complications, the following types of food are excluded:
- Strong meat and fish decoctions.
- Fresh bread, flour products.
- Sausages, sausages, canned and smoked products.
- Meat, fish and poultry with a lot of fat.
- Dishes from barley, corn, millet and pearl barley.
- Pasta products.
- Mushroom dishes.
- Raw vegetables: cabbage, radish, radish, onion.
- Legumes plants.
- Fatty dairy products.
- Salted and fried foods.
- Spices and spicy dressings.
- Black coffee and strong brewed tea.
- Dishes with chocolate and cocoa powder.
- Alcohol-containing products.
- Juices from packages, sparkling water.
- Sour fruits and fruits.
- Sweets and cakes.
- Jam, condensed milk, ice cream and cakes.
What foods are allowed to eat?
The food menu after removal of the stomach includes the following dishes:
- Oatmeal porridge cooked in water or non-fat milk.
- Biscuit cookies.
- Cottage cheese casseroles (rice).
- Jelly fruit or berry.
- Souffle, fruit mousse.
- Stewed vegetables stew.
- Compotes.
- The first dishes of pumpkin, beets, zucchini, mashed carrots.
- Baked fruits.
- Steamed meat dishes, steamed (souffle, meatballs).
- Boiled buckwheat.
- Crushed potatoes. You can add to it a mild sauce based on low-fat sour cream.
- Steamed cottage cheese.
Sample menu
The daily diet after removal of the stomach is approximately as follows:
- In the morning you need to drink a glass of still mineral water with a little lemon juice. Such a liquid helps to normalize the metabolic process.
- After a while, you can eat some vegetables or fruits and a half cup of kefir.
- For lunch, it is recommended to eat mashed first course, salad and boiled meat.
- For afternoon tea, eat steam curd makers. They should be washed with natural juice.
- Dinner consists of stewed vegetables, boiled poultry or fish, a small amount of rice porridge.
The preparation of the diet after removal of the stomach for cancer and the menu is done by a specialist who monitors the patient’s condition for a long time.
Features of further diet
Six months later, you can introduce several more products:
- Fresh cottage cheese.
- Sour-milk drinks (kefir, yogurt, varenets).
- Sausage and ham (diet varieties).
- Fish fillet, soaked herring.
- Boiled beef tongue.
- Coffee with milk.
- Butter (it is added to the dishes).
- Rusks, toasts, dough products (except for butter).
- Small portions of desserts: jam, marshmallows, marshmallows, marmalade.
Nutrition after removal of polyps in the stomach
Sometimes benign tumors form in the tissues of the mucous membrane of the organ. They are not accompanied by severe symptoms and are detected during FGDS. These neoplasms are called polyps.
The disease can only be cured surgically. Keeping a diet in this case is just as important as following the diet after removing the stomach.
To recover quickly, the patient should give up fried, spicy, salty and smoked foods. Exclude flour products, milk, cabbage and legumes. Under the ban, alcohol, juices in bags, coffee, soda.
The diet after removal of the polyps includes mashed soups, cereal dishes, lean meat and steamed fish, toasts, crackers. From drinks, a decoction of rose hips, compote, clean water are allowed. If the patient has no complications and his condition has stabilized, you can expand the diet.
Dairy products with a low percentage of fat, vegetables and fruits, lightly brewed tea, salads with vegetable fat, and red varieties of fish are added to the diet. Compliance with the principles of proper nutrition helps to minimize the risk of complications and the re-development of pathology.