Metabolism, or metabolism, is a set of chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain its life. These processes contribute to growth and reproduction.
Metabolism is usually divided into two stages:
- in the process of catabolism, complex organic substances are converted into simple ones;
- during anabolism, along with energy costs, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and sugars are synthesized.
With impaired metabolism, human health noticeably worsens. Various diseases, fatigue appear, overall health worsens, weight increases and so on.
To normalize the metabolism, experts recommend leading a healthy lifestyle, eating right, playing sports, etc. In addition, metabolic drugs can be prescribed to patients. One of the most popular of them is the Kokarnit drug. Instructions for use, reviews about this tool will be presented later.
Release form, drug packaging and its composition
In what form is the drug Kokarnit sold? The instruction reports that this medication is in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution, as well as a solvent (lidocaine) in ampoules.
The composition of this agent includes nicotinamide, cocarboxylase, cyanocobalamin and adenosine triphosphate. As additional components, glycine, propyl parahydroxybenzoate and methyl parahydroxybenzoate are used.
Pharmacodynamic features
What is the tool we are considering? What does the instruction say about him? "Kokarnit" is a complex of vitamins and substances that affect metabolism. It has a neurometabolic and analgesic effect, and also affects the emotional-vegetative sphere.
The effectiveness of this medicine is due to its composition. Consider the features of each of the substances in more detail.
Nicotinamide has a positive effect on carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, takes part in redox processes, and also promotes the transport of ATP into cells. Also, this substance has sedative properties. In this regard, it is very effective for neuropsychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety and decreased attention.
Cocarboxylase is a coenzyme that plays a huge role in carbohydrate metabolism, affects the synthesis of nucleic acids, improves trophism of tissues, lipids and proteins, and also promotes the absorption of glucose.
Adenosine triphosphate is a derivative of adenosine. This component stimulates the metabolism. It is the main energy substrate of cells. With coronary disease, a deficiency of energy develops, which can be reduced due to adenosine triphosphate. Its transportation to cells occurs due to nicotinamide. Adenosine triphosphate is able to exert antiarrhythmic, hypotensive and vasodilator effects.
As for cyanocobalamin, it synthesizes and accumulates proteins, activates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. The result of this action is a decrease in cholesterol, as well as the prevention of fatty hepatosis.
It should also be noted that cyanocobalamin increases the regenerative ability of cells, which is necessary for the functioning of the blood-forming organs, liver and nervous system.
Indications
What diseases are prescribed such medication as Kokarnit? Instructions for use (injections should be carried out only by an experienced health professional) indicates that the indications of this tool are:
- neuritis;
- neuralgia of various origins;
- sciatica, lumbago, sciatica;
- myalgia, tendonitis, bursitis;
- neuropathy (including diabetes mellitus);
- myocardiopathy, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis.
It should also be said that during pregnancy this drug is used only if the benefit for the future mother is significantly higher than the risk to the fetus.
Contraindications
When should you not prescribe the drug "Kokarnit"? The instruction says that this medicine is contraindicated in:
- hypersensitivity;
- severe form of arterial hypertension, as well as hypotension;
- erythrocytosis, erythremia;
- psoriasis
- violation of conduction and severe heart failure;
- myocardial infarction in the acute period.
It can not be said that the drug in question is carefully recommended for people with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gout and liver damage. There are no data on the use of this medicine in small children.
In addition, the following contraindications for the solvent in the form of 0.5% lidocaine should be taken into account when prescribing the medication: Adams-Stokes syndrome, sinus node weakness syndrome, angina pectoris, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, myasthenia gravis, epileptiform convulsions associated with lidocaine severe renal failure and porphyria.
Kokarnit injections: instruction
Reviews about this tool will be described below.
According to the instructions, this drug must be administered intramuscularly in 1 or 2 ampoules every day. The injections are done in courses. Their duration depends on the severity of the disease.
The drug solution is used immediately after preparation. Moreover, it should be red. If the color has not changed, then the use of the drug is prohibited.
Using the Kokarnit medication, the instruction of which is enclosed in a pack of cardboard, red blood cells and platelets, clotting time, uric acid, bilirubin and transaminases should be regularly monitored.
Side effects
What are the negative consequences after using Kokarnit? Instructions for use indicate that this drug can cause:
- tachycardia;
- headache;
- urticaria;
- weakness;
- sweating
- dizziness;
- skin rashes;
- anaphylactic shock;
- itching
- diarrhea
- peripheral vascular thrombosis;
- pulmonary edema.
It should also be noted that patients with hypersensitivity before the introduction of the drug carry out an intradermal test.
Drug overdose
What will happen with an overdose of Kokarnit medicine? Instructions for use (injections should be prescribed only by a specialist) states that if the drug is accidentally taken orally, toxic effects may occur, which are expressed by skin hyperemia, itching, nausea, headache, vomiting or heartburn.
For chronic drug intoxication, an increase in the level of uric acid and glucose, as well as the appearance of ulcers in the duodenum, are characteristic.
Interaction with other medicines
Can I use the Kokarnit medicine (injections) with other drugs? The instruction reports that cocarboxylase, which is part of the drug, is able to enhance the cardiotonic effect of cardiac glycosides.
As for nicotinamide, it potentiates the anticonvulsant properties of antiepileptic drugs (for example, Diazepam, Carbamazepine, Valproate).
Adenosine triphosphate together with potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium preparations and ACE inhibitors increases the risk of hyperkalemia. It also enhances the action (antianginal) of nitrates and beta-blockers.
When taking the medicine with Dipyridamole, its vasodilating effect is enhanced.
Xanthinol nicotinate reduces the effectiveness of adenosine triphosphate, and Carbamazepine, on the contrary, enhances its effect.
Together with "Theophylline" and caffeine antagonism is manifested.
The absorption of the drug is reduced by potassium preparations, cyanocobalamin aminoglycosides, antiepileptic drugs, salicylates and Colchicine.
The absorption of cyanocobalamin is reduced while taking with "Polymyxin", "Kanamycin", "Neomacin" and "Tetracycline."
Cyanocobalamin is incompatible with ascorbic acid, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine and salts of heavy metals.
Oral contraceptives reduce the concentration of cyanocobalamin in the blood.
Cost and analogues
How much is the drug Kokarnit? Instructions for use will not give an answer to the question. You can find it only in a pharmacy. As a rule, the price of this product for three ampoules varies between 120-150 rubles.
What can replace the Kokarnit metabolic solution? Instructions, reviews say that there are no structural analogues of this drug. To replace it with similar means, you need to see a doctor (most often they recommend Ismizhen, Venohepanol, Threw, Orcipol, Sterillium, Dioflan, Collomac, Chondrosamine, Endofalk, “ Secnidox ").
Reviews
Now you know the principle of action of the drug "Kokarnit." Instructions, an analogue of this medication were presented above.
Most often, this tool is used in neurological, cardiosurgical and neurosurgical practice. Experts note that this medication is able to reduce the amount of wound discharge, as well as eliminate vertebrogenic pain.
It should also be noted that the drug in question has proven itself in the complex treatment of patients with discogenic lumbosacral radiculitis. In this case, the drug must be used intramuscularly at 2 ml per day for 2-3 weeks.
Patients did not note side effects in this drug.