If the parents note that their child has a feeling of anxiety, it feels discomfort in the lower abdomen, his condition indicates a general malaise, and the baby’s urine is cloudy, then most likely he has such a common urological pathology as cystitis. The child will certainly cry while sitting on the potty. Indeed, when urinating, the pain in the abdomen increases significantly. Urine will have a strange smell.
Of course, babies will not be able to tell their parents about their condition. Older children themselves will complain to loved ones about the frequent urges and burning sensations when visiting the toilet, as well as the pains that they observe in the side or lower abdomen.
Doctors say that girls suffer from cystitis more often than boys, and 5-6 times. This is due to the structure of the female urinary system. Its features make it much easier for the infection to end up in the bladder. If the first signs of an ailment are detected, treatment of cystitis in girls should be started immediately. Only when emergency measures can be taken, you can quickly rid the child of the manifestations of an unpleasant disease.
Pathology prevalence
Cystitis refers to the inflammatory process that occurs in the walls of the bladder. In children at an early age, as a rule, there is a lesion of the mucosa of this organ, that is, its inner shell.
Cystitis is one of the most common urological pathologies. Such inflammation most often occurs in young patients, whose age ranges from 4 to 12 years. Somewhat less often, from one to 3 years old children suffer from such an ailment. And only sometimes the disease is observed in infants and newborns.
How can one explain such statistics? The fact is that newborn girls have protection in the form of hormones of estrogen mothers. They change the reaction of the vaginal secretion, translating it from alkaline to acidic. A similar factor allows you to suppress the development of the bacterial flora in the vagina.
However, time passes and the mother’s estrogens cease to exist. During this period, the risk of infection entering the body is significantly increased. The emergence of protection occurs along with the development of their own estrogens. This happens during that period of a girl’s life, when she has puberty. With age, the amount of estrogen only increases. These hormones contribute to a change in the reaction occurring in the vaginal secretion, from alkaline to acidic. This protects the body from infection.
Causes of pathology
As already mentioned, cystitis occurs due to infection in the body. However, pathogens do not attack the bladder immediately. For some time they are in a passive state, while waiting for favorable factors, among which:
- decreased immunity;
- lack of vitamins in the body;
- failures in the functioning of the endocrine system;
- imbalance of pathogenic and normal flora in the intestine;
- hypothermia of the body, contributing to the occurrence of spasm of blood vessels, which leads to the inability to fully filter the urine by the kidneys;
- poor-quality or improperly selected underwear that contributes to a violation of normal blood circulation in the pelvic organs;
- neglect of the rules of personal hygiene, which is expressed in irregular washing or a rare change of underwear;
- insufficient emptying of the bladder, which leads to the fact that the child has to "endure".
When at least one of these factors occurs, pathogens begin their path into the bladder. And they can get there:
- descending from the kidneys, in which an inflammatory process takes place for a long time;
- climbing the urinary tract if bacteria have accumulated in the genital area or in the anus;
- in contact with a diseased organ when an infection passes through the walls of the urinary organ;
- penetrating with the circulatory system in the presence of a focus of inflammation;
- passing through the lymphatic ducts from the pelvic organs.
Risk group
As a rule, treatment of cystitis in girls is required for those babies whose health condition is complicated:
- chronic diseases;
- congenital ailments of the urinary system;
- pathologies of the pancreas;
- diabetes mellitus.
If the children's body is absolutely healthy, then they can provoke cystitis:
- drugs that suppress the immune system;
- unjustified and uncontrolled intake of herbal infusions and teas that irritate the bladder;
- the use of aggressive detergents in the form of soaps and gels that disrupt the pH of the genitals.
Symptoms of pathology
How do parents understand that girls need cystitis treatment? At its initial stage, the pathology manifests itself in the form of frequent urination. If the girl is still very small and is in the diaper, then it is almost impossible to determine the onset of the development of the disease.
That is why parents come to the specialist already after the child becomes noticeable other, more pronounced signs of the disease. Among them:
- fever and lethargy;
- painful urination, in which there is a feeling of heaviness in the perineum and lower abdomen, as well as a feeling of insufficient emptying of the bladder:
- clouding of urine, a change in its color, the presence of visible disseminated blood;
- discomfort in the rectum;
- frequent, but at the same time false desires.
Such symptoms are significantly amplified during an exacerbation of the disease. In the chronic form of pathology, all these signs persist for a long time, taking a sluggish, weakly expressed form.
Based on the age of the girls, the course of the disease has some features. Let's consider them in more detail.
Cystitis up to 1 year
In the infants, pathology, as a rule, occurs due to congenital anomalies that occur in the structure of the body, as well as in its development. In this case, in the first months of life, manifestation of symptoms of cystitis in young girls may be observed, and treatment of this disease will be required for the babies immediately.
The constant wearing of diapers is also capable of provoking the development of inflammatory processes in infants. Indeed, at the same time, the risk of multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a humid and warm environment increases. Treatment of cystitis in young girls is required in connection with the occurrence of irritation of the mucous membrane of the urethra and its infection.
Cystitis in 1-3 years
Pathology in girls of this age develops due to the ascension of pathogenic microorganisms into the ureter. If hygiene rules are not followed, pathogenic bacteria from the vagina and intestines easily penetrate unprotected organs located nearby. When they reach the bladder, harmful microorganisms begin active reproduction, which causes the baby discomfort and suffering.
Parents should constantly ensure that their girls do not sit on stone benches, in the snow or on the ground. Indeed, with hypothermia, the immune system is significantly weakened, which leads to the spread of infection.
Cystitis from 3 to 8 years
In this age period, parents should teach girls to independently fulfill the simple requirements of the rules of genital hygiene.
In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the babies perform all the necessary procedures and manipulations that prevent mucus and stool residues from entering the urinary tract. This will avoid the growth of bacteria.
Cystitis from 8 to 16 years
During this period, girls grow up. They gradually turn into girls. Treatment of cystitis in a girl of 8 years and older is required due to the fact that there is a rather complicated hormonal restructuring of the body. The development of a teenage girl is characterized by rapid pace. And this leads to the requirement of especially careful care for the genitals.
Often, treatment of cystitis in adolescent girls becomes a necessity because of the desire of children to try on models of idol behavior. For example, a child who has already matured does not always agree to dress according to the weather, does not eat well and has bad habits. Such actions adversely affect his health, weakening the immune system and provoking the development of cystitis.
Types of disease
As you can see, treatment of cystitis in girls may be required at any age. And it is necessary to do this as soon as possible, since the disease disrupts the urinary system. Despite the symptoms of childhood cystitis in girls, the treatment of the pathology will depend on its type. What disease can be?
- Interstitial. This is non-infectious cystitis. It is caused by disorders occurring in the mucous layer of the urinary organ. The result of this process is tissue irritation by urine.
- Hemorrhagic. In this case, cystitis is characterized by the presence of foci of pathology not only in the mucosa, but also in the walls, as well as in the blood vessels of the bladder. This type of ailment develops due to the penetration of a viral infection into the body. The main symptoms of the disease are a change in the color of urine and its smell.
- Ulcerative. This type of cystitis is quite difficult to treat. The reason for its occurrence is bacteria that penetrate the body and disrupt the integrity of the mucosa, which leads to the formation of ulcers.
- Catarrhal. Depending on the degree of penetration of the pathology into the mucous layer, such cystitis can be purulent, mucous or serous.
- Another variety is trigonite. This type of cystitis occurs as a result of chronic inflammation, which is characterized by stagnation within the boundaries of the bladder.
- Cervical. In the presence of this type of cystitis, pelvic organs are affected. The consequence is urinary incontinence.
In addition, cystitis is local, affecting only a specific area of the mucosa, or diffuse, spreading over the entire surface of the urinary organ.
Treatment of cystitis in girls is also prescribed based on the form of the course of the disease. So, an ailment happens:
- Sharp. In this case, the process of inflammation develops very rapidly and is quite pronounced.
- Chronic. A similar form of the disease is acquired. It occurs with frequent relapses of acute cystitis. The course of this type of ailment is long. However, it is very difficult to treat.
Pathology therapy
Treatment of cystitis in girls should be necessarily comprehensive. Only in this case can the desired effect be achieved, which is confirmed by the reviews of doctors and parents of small patients.
Treatment of cystitis in a girl of 4 years and older can be carried out using drugs in the form of tablets. Until this age, doctors recommend taking syrups.
Treatment of symptoms of cystitis in children (girls) should be carried out:
- With the course of drug therapy. At the same time, a doctor prescribes antibacterial or anti-inflammatory drugs.
- With the use of alternative methods of treatment. The most effective for the treatment of cystitis in a child (girl) are herbal baths.
- With a diet. Doctors say that cystitis will go much faster if you change the nutrition of a small patient. The diet in this case should be aimed at reducing the degree of irritation of the mucous membrane of the urinary organ.
In addition, with this pathology, bed rest is necessary. Doctors note that the treatment of cystitis in a girl is 3 years longer than, say, five years. After all, a small child is not yet able to tell parents about their feelings. That is why mothers and fathers should be attentive to their child, which will allow you to start therapy already at the first symptoms of the disease.
Drug therapy
If symptoms of cystitis in girls are detected, treatment of the pathology must be carried out with all care. Judging by the comments of doctors, antibacterial drugs are good for this disease. The course of therapy in this case is from 3 to 7 days. The specific period will depend on the complexity of the pathology. However, doctors warn that the duration of treatment may be delayed. But, judging by the reviews of parents, medications are given to improve the condition, which is wrong. For example, a girl may experience uncomfortable feelings on the 4th day of treatment. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the signs of the disease have been eliminated, the child should continue to drink medicine until the end of the course, that is, in the next three days.
In addition to antibacterial agents, they are used to treat the symptoms of cystitis in girls and probiotics. Using these drugs, the beneficial intestinal microflora is restored, destroyed during the elimination of pathology.
Most often, doctors prescribe girls antibacterials such as Urolesan and Furadonin. They relieve inflammation within the boundaries of the bladder, and do this, judging by the reviews of the parents of the patients, very effectively.
Among the drugs prescribed for the treatment of cystitis in girls are No-shpa and Papaverin. These are antispasmodic drugs that produce their positive effect in eliminating the disease.
In addition, taking into account the fact that pathology seriously weakens the baby’s immunity, multivitamin complexes in which there are B vitamins, as well as A, C and PP are mandatory.
Antibiotic prescription
It is strictly forbidden to purchase such drugs in pharmacies without prior consultation with a doctor. After all, using adult drugs for the treatment of cystitis in a girl of 3 years and even older, it is possible to harm the baby's body, provoking complications.
With such a pathology, the doctor prescribes antimicrobial drugs to the child. The choice of medication is made depending on the age of the girl, as well as on the course of the inflammatory process.
Treatment of childhood cystitis in girls is carried out with the use of antibiotics included in the group of protected penicillins. The doctor may also be prescribed combined sulfonamides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, cephalosporins.
The most safe and effective, judging by the comments of doctors, are such drugs:
- Amoxiclav. Prescribe this medication to children from a very young age. As a rule, it has the form of a liquid suspension, which facilitates swallowing, and also allows you to have the most gentle effect on the bladder.
- "Co-trimoxazole." This tool has an antibacterial effect. Its reception allows you to destroy gram-positive bacteria, which have a direct impact on the development of pathology in children. This drug is prescribed for babies from 2 years of age.
- Zinnat. This is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. His doctors prescribe to their young patients from the age of 3 months.
- "Cephoral Solutab". If, for example, treatment of cystitis in girls at 10 years of age is required, then such a drug is not prescribed by doctors. It is recommended only for those patients who are already 12. “Ceforal Solutab” is an antibacterial drug that fights the development of the infectious process. For each girl, this medication is prescribed based on her body weight, and also taking into account the type of cystitis.
- Monural. This drug belongs to antibiotics that are part of the fluoroquinol group. Judging by the reviews of doctors and patients, it is very effective in eliminating unpleasant symptoms of the disease. Assign the drug to children from the age of five.
- "Kanefron". As part of this drug - a drug collection of lovage, centaury and rosemary. The form of release of the drug is a solution or dragee.
- "Fitolizin". The medicine is produced in the form of a paste, which contains essential oils.
The use of folk remedies
Many parents are very interested in the question of the advisability of using grandmother's recipes in the treatment of cystitis. First of all, they worry about whether a folk remedy can harm their child while taking medication. In this matter, doctors have a clear opinion. They argue that the treatment of cystitis in girls with folk remedies should go along with the administration of pharmacological drugs, which will help to quickly defeat the disease.
In this case, they can be of great benefit:
- Baths using a warm broth of chamomile. These procedures are carried out only if the child does not have a high temperature.
- Ingestion of a decoction prepared from 15 g of birch leaves, brewed in a glass of boiling water. With this tool, the child is given water at least 4 times a day, 100 ml before meals.
- Renal teas brewed in the amount of one sachet per glass of boiling water. It is also recommended to give the drug before feeding 100 ml, having previously stood the solution for an hour.
- A medicine made from honey with royal jelly. Each product should be taken in equal quantities. After mixing them, the drug is given to the child under the tongue in the amount of 1 tsp. three times a day.
Dieting
Parents should pay special attention to the nutrition of their child with cystitis. Following a diet will reduce pain and recover much faster.
Nutrition for cystitis should be balanced. At the same time, the products on the menu must be selected in such a way as to provide the girl's body with all the necessary minerals and vitamins. But in order for the diet to bring as much benefit as possible, the child must:
- do not supercool;
- to be in bed;
- drink more.
Nutrition in case of acute cystitis should be as sparing as possible. A large amount of fruits and vegetables, dairy products and cereals, as well as honey should be present in the child’s diet. In this case, it is better to give preference to liquid rather than dry and solid food. For the duration of the disease, citrus fruits are recommended to be excluded.
In chronic cystitis, the nutrition of the child should be more diverse than in the first case. The diet must include:
- Vegetables and fruits. Especially useful for cystitis are carrots and cabbage, watermelons and beets, as well as grapes, pumpkin, celery and apples. Berries can also be offered to the child, preferring strawberries and lingonberries, cranberries and black currants, figs, sea buckthorn and gooseberries.
- Sour-milk and dairy products. Among them are cheese and yogurt, kefir and yogurt, cottage cheese and milk.
- Meat. This product must be lean, baked or boiled. From dietary meat, chicken and turkey breasts should be preferred.
- Soups They should be lean, cooked on a vegetable broth or a secondary meat.
- Side dishes. A child with cystitis is recommended to give baked or boiled potatoes, raw and stewed vegetables, pasta and cereals (millet, rice, oatmeal and buckwheat).
You can not eat salted and smoked, as well as spicy dishes with cystitis. All products that have similar qualities contribute to irritation of the bladder, which leads to a deterioration in the condition of the child. That is why in the daily menu of the patient should not be present:
- marinades, smoked meats, canned food, mayonnaise and spicy sauces;
- cola, as well as strong tea and coffee;
- rich broths;
- fried foods;
- carbonated drinks;
- pepper, onion, garlic;
- nuts, fried seeds, crackers and chips;
- Tomatoes
- sweet pastry.
All the above treatment methods should be applied in combination and started immediately when the first signs of the disease appear.
Otherwise, the disease can become chronic or give complications in the form of interstitial cystitis or pyelonephritis.