Today, even children know what antibiotics are. However, the concept of drugs with a wide spectrum of action sometimes confuses adults, causing many questions. Let's talk about the use of antibiotics intramuscularly and find out which ones are used for bronchitis, tonsillitis and pneumonia.
With bronchitis
Only antibiotics can contribute to the cure of bronchitis, any other means only facilitate the patient's condition. Many people who noted the first symptomatology of the pathology in question begin therapy for bronchitis with propolis, soda, garlic and other folk remedies and conventional cough tablets, but this is fundamentally wrong. Only antibacterial drugs can directly relieve inflammation and pathogenic organisms (bronchitis is characterized by an infectious etiology), and all other treatment methods and drugs will only alleviate the condition. This does not mean that you need to immediately use antibiotics intramuscularly with bronchitis. First you need to visit a doctor. He will conduct the necessary examinations of the patient and prescribe effective therapy.
It is important to note that in the presence of acute bronchitis, antibiotics are not prescribed at all. The fact is that this form of the inflammation process is distinguished by a viral etiology, and the medications in question are absolutely useless when carrying out the fight against viruses. Antibiotics are prescribed in tablets and injections, but often they are used in the form of pills. This helps patients to complete the entire course of therapy on an outpatient basis, without being in the hospital. Doctors may prescribe antibiotics intramuscularly in the following cases:
- When the temperature reaches high limits and remains at this level for more than a day.
- In the event that there is pus in the sputum.
- When observing bronchial spasms and severe shortness of breath.
In addition, antibiotics can also be used when performing inhalations with a nebulizer. By the way, this device is considered the most effective treatment technique: the medicine enters the walls of the bronchi, which are affected by inflammatory processes, and acts localized.
Old-generation antibiotics for bronchitis
Most often, in the treatment of bronchitis of various forms and types, doctors prescribe penicillins. These are drugs that belong to the old generation, but from this they do not become less effective. Recommended are Augmentin, Panklav, Amoksiklav.
The recommended dose is 625 milligrams per dose. There should be three such receptions per day (that is, every eight hours). It is important to note that penicillins produce a very good effect. True, very often the resistance of pathogenic bacteria that provoked bronchitis to these drugs is revealed. Therefore, the patient is prescribed a medicine, and then the dynamics of the development of the disease is monitored for three days. In the absence of a positive shift, the antibiotic is replaced with another, more effective one.
The use of macrolides in bronchitis
In the event that the patient has intolerance or sensitivity to antibiotics from the penicillin category, then macrolides are prescribed. These include Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Oleandomycin and others.
Such drugs are most often produced in the form of tablets, so the dosage is calculated as follows: use one tablet per dose, There should be at least three doses per day. That is, you need to drink a tablet every eight hours.
The use of modern antibiotics
In the presence of obstructive bronchitis, antibiotics belonging to a new generation are prescribed intramuscularly. We are talking about cephalosporins, which are injected into the body only by injection, that is, intramuscularly, and in especially severe cases this is done intravenously. These include: Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the attending physician should prescribe the exact dosage of broad-spectrum antibiotics intramuscularly, since it will depend directly on the severity of the pathology, as well as on the general condition of the patient and the neglect of inflammatory processes.
The use of fluoroquinolones
In the event that the patient was previously diagnosed with bronchitis, then with the first symptoms of its exacerbation, it is necessary to take fluoroquinolones, which are antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. They are identical to cephalosporins, but more sparing. The most commonly prescribed are Moxifloxacin, as well as Lefofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin.
It is recommended to conduct therapy with a short seven-day course. In this case, any of the above antibiotics is administered intramuscularly twice a day. The exact amount of the drug required per injection is determined only by the doctor. It is worth noting that in this case it is not wise to make a decision on your own. The chronic form of bronchitis is always treated with antibiotics, as they help translate the inflammatory process to the stage of prolonged remission.
Nebulizer and antibiotics
Inhalation with a nebulizer is especially effective for bronchitis. Antibiotics may be used for inhalation with this device. It is worth noting that the effect of them will be provided almost immediately, because in this case, the drug will act in a directed manner and immediately after ingestion. Often, Fluimucil is prescribed for this type of treatment. This medicine, which in its composition contains an antibacterial agent for thinning sputum. This antibiotic is released in powder form. You need to take one package, and then dissolve in a small amount of sodium chloride (maximum 5 milliliters). The resulting liquid is divided into two inhalations per day.
Inhalations with Fluimucil are very effective in the presence of purulent bronchitis, but they can also be prescribed for other types of inflammatory pathology under consideration.
Contraindications and indications
Antibiotics are powerful enough drugs that have contraindications and indications. You can not mindlessly use antibacterial agents. The fact is that in most situations they are useless, but they can have a negative effect on the functioning of the intestines and liver as a side effect. Therefore, you should be aware of clear indications for the appointment of antibiotics for the treatment of various types of bronchitis:
- The presence of borderline high body temperature, which cannot be reduced using conventional antipyretic drugs.
- The appearance of purulent contents of sputum.
- Developing bronchial spasms.
- The appearance of previously diagnosed chronic bronchitis.
It is strictly forbidden to prescribe antibiotics if the patient has:
- Urinary system diseases that are characterized by a severe course (we are talking about renal failure and nephropathy).
- With impaired liver function, for example, with some types of hepatitis.
- Against the background of peptic ulcer of the digestive system.
It is very important to exclude allergic reactions to antibiotics, since in most cases they develop rapidly, which can even lead to anaphylactic shock. It should be noted that if, shortly before the appearance of bronchitis, the patient has already been treated with antibacterial drugs of any group, then these drugs will be useless in the treatment of any type of bronchitis.
The drug "Ceftriaxone"
Thanks to injections, the patient’s body more effectively fights various infections, so the patient recovers much faster. Another important reason for their appointment is that when administered intramuscularly, the antibiotic does not enter the gastrointestinal tract, which means that it does not violate its microflora. But so many injections are quite painful. To ease the discomfort of their use, you must properly breed them. One of the most popular drugs is the Ceftriaxone antibiotic. Intramuscularly it is used very often. Next, we consider the subtleties and features of the dilution of this antibiotic in order to achieve the best result.
When Ceftriaxone is used
The medicine is an antibiotic for injection from the cephalospore group and belongs to the third generation. It has a wide range of effects, it can destroy the membranes of bacterial cells. Ceftriaxone antibiotic is usually prescribed intramuscularly for the following infectious diseases:
- Against the background of pathologies of the respiratory tract, which include, for example, bronchopneumonia.
- With skin pathologies (for example, with erysipelas).
- Against the background of genital diseases (with gonorrhea and adnexitis).
- With diseases of the urinary system (against the background of paranephritis or pyelonephritis).
- With pathologies of the organs of the abdominal region (with peritonitis) and a number of other problems.
It is important to remember that antibiotics help patients with bacterial infections, but are not able to deal with diseases caused by viruses. A fairly common misconception that an antibiotic will help "from everything."
Why bred Ceftriaxone
Most antibiotics administered intramuscularly, including Ceftriaxone, are not sold as a ready-made solution for injection, but as a special lyophilized powder that is kept sterile in glass vials. Such a powder is used to prepare a solution with which injections are given. The drug "Ceftriaxone" is sold only in the form of a powder, there is no product version in the form of a liquid for injection.
But when using an antibiotic of this type, it is important to know how the patient can respond to a particular solution.
How to inject antibiotics intramuscularly? You need to know what exactly can be used to dilute the powder (for example, water or "Lidocaine"), and also to find out if a person has allergic reactions that can interfere with treatment and worsen the patient's condition. It is also important to find out from the doctor exactly where the injection should be, because the solution of local anesthetics, as a rule, is not used if the prepared solution needs to be administered intravenously.
Ceftriaxone: use of solution
For the introduction of antibiotics, the same liquids are used intramuscularly, which are intended for the dilution of drugs in a powder state. This may be water for injection, a solution of sodium chloride, Lidocaine, Novocaine.
It is important to understand that the effectiveness of an antibiotic does not depend on which fluid is chosen for dilution. If a person dilutes the powder with water or chooses Lidocaine, there will be no difference in the effectiveness of the product. But there will be a fundamental difference in the patient's sensations. Proper dilution helps to reduce negative painful effects, simplifying the use of the drug and making it more comfortable for the patient. It is always required to check with the doctor how to dilute the drug in a particular case. This is especially true when the child is given an injection. Even if the baby tolerates Lidocaine well, it must be diluted in equal proportions with saline sodium chloride.
It is also important to know that the prepared solution can be used only once. Even if the preparation “Ceftriaxone” was prepared with a margin when it remains a lot, you still need to throw out the remainder, since it can no longer be used. Dilute the medicine for the future. Even if you put it in the refrigerator, it will no longer be suitable.
How to breed
Ceftriaxone should be diluted depending on how it is subsequently administered: intramuscularly or intravenously. This will fundamentally change the procedure for diluting the drug. Next, consider a short instruction.
Intramuscular injection
How to administer an antibiotic intramuscularly?
To use Ceftriaxone, you need to take Lidocaine in the form of a one percent solution and in a volume of 3 milliliters. Also suitable is Lidocaine in the form of a two percent solution and water for injection. Next, it is necessary to inject the solvent into the vial with the antibiotic powder with a syringe, stir by shaking. The powder is very easily diluted, dissolves quickly enough. In this case, no precipitate will remain, there will be no turbidity. If such defects appear, it means that not everything is in order with the solution. To use Ceftriaxone strongly after this is not recommended. After dissolving the powder with a syringe, the required dose of the drug is collected and administered to the patient.
The dosage used for adults is up to 2 grams of the drug per day. Usually it is not recommended to inject more than a gram of the drug into one gluteus muscle.
At what dosage should children use the antibiotic intramuscularly?
In the event that a person is under the age of twelve, it is required to apply from 20 to 80 milligrams of the drug per kg of child's weight. In some cases, 100 mg of the drug per 1 kg of the baby's weight may be prescribed (for example, with bacterial meningitis). The dose is determined only by the doctor. It depends on how hard the disease develops.
Antibiotics for pneumonia
Intramuscular antibiotics for pneumonia are the main component of the treatment process. Inflammation of the lungs usually begins acutely. Symptoms include fever, the appearance of a strong cough with yellowish or brown sputum, the occurrence of chest pain when breathing.
In the treatment of pneumonia, urgent hospitalization of the patient in a hospital is required. This patient is shown bed rest along with vitamin nutrition. It is also important to take a large amount of liquid in the form of juice, tea, milk, and, in addition, mineral water.
Given that inflammation of the lung tissue most often occurs due to the penetration of pathogenic organisms into them, an antibiotic injection intramuscularly is the surest way to combat the pathogen. This input method allows you to keep a high concentration of the antibiotic in the blood, which contributes to the effective fight against bacteria. Often with pneumonia, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of exposure are prescribed, because it is simply impossible to establish the pathogen instantly, and any delay can cost a person life.
What antibiotics are most often prescribed intramuscularly?
Generally, macrolides, for example, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Midecamycin, Spiramycin, are widely used to treat such inflammation. In addition, antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group are used (Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin). To increase the effectiveness of therapy, the use of antibiotics is made according to a special scheme. First, antibiotic injections are given intramuscularly, and then tablets are prescribed.
The use of antibiotics for pneumonia in children
Antibiotics for children are administered intramuscularly immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis. Compulsory hospitalization, and in the presence of a complex course, is sent to intensive care, children are subject to if:
- The baby's age is less than two months, regardless of the localization of the inflammatory process and the severity.
- A child under the age of three, and with a diagnosis of lobar pneumonia.
- The baby is up to five years old, and he has a diagnosis: damage to more than one lobe of the lung.
- Children with a history of encephalopathy.
- Children with congenital defects of the circulatory system and heart muscle.
- Children suffering from chronic pathologies of the respiratory and cardiac systems, with diabetes and malignant pathologies.
- Children from families who are registered with the social service.
- Children from orphanages, and, in addition, from families in which difficult social and living conditions.
- Assign hospitalization of children in case of non-compliance with medical recommendations and therapy at home.
- Toddlers suffering from severe pneumonia.
In the presence of bacterial pneumonia, mild administration of antibiotics from the category of natural and synthetic penicillins is indicated. “Benzylpenicillin”, “Phenoxymethylpenicillin” are referred to natural antibiotics. Semisynthetic penicillins are isoxosolylpenicillins ("Oxacillin") and aminopenicillins ("Ampicillin", "Amoxicillin").
Also used are carboxypenicillins (Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin) and ureidopenicillins (Azlocillin, Piperacillin). The best antibiotic intramuscularly can only be found experimentally.
The described treatment regimen for pneumonia in children is prescribed until the result of a bacterial analysis and determination of the pathogen. After establishing the pathogen, further therapy is prescribed by the doctor strictly individually.
Consider which broad-spectrum antibiotics for intramuscular injections are the most popular.
Names of antibiotics used in patients with pneumonia
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- It is necessary to carry out an analysis of sputum to determine the pathogen, set the test for its sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Write down an antibacterial treatment regimen based on the result of the tests. At the same time, the severity of the pathology is taken into account along with effectiveness, the likelihood of complications and allergies, possible contraindications, the rate of absorption of the drug, and so on.
Antibiotics for angina
Antibiotics for angina should be injected intramuscularly with the same ones that are used for oral administration. We are talking about the use of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Erythromycin, Augmentin (which is a mixture of Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid), Sultamycillin (which is a mixture of Ampicillin and Sulbactam) Cefazolin ”,“ Cephalexin ”,“ Cephaloridin ”and“ Cephalotin ”. In particular, bicillins are usually prescribed at the end of a course of treatment in order to reliably prevent complications.
Antibiotics intramuscularly with angina should be prescribed by a doctor.
When you need to inject antibiotics for a sore throat
To date, a doctor decides to inject antibiotics in the presence of a sore throat only in the following situations:
- If the patient cannot swallow the drug on his own. For example, a patient may be unconscious. A person may experience severe vomiting, and there is no equipment for the infusion of drugs at hand.
- The use of oral antibiotics is not available. This, as a rule, is relevant within the framework of expeditionary conditions, in cases of natural disasters, when it is possible to use only what is available in the medicine cabinet for an emergency.
- In the framework of bicillin prophylaxis of complications of tonsillitis, when drugs are used that are administered only intramuscularly.
- If there is a need to use antibiotics in patients who do not follow the doctor's instructions and skip oral administration of drugs. In this case, we are talking about psychiatric hospitals and correctional facilities.
In all other situations, the doctor has the opportunity to choose exactly the means that, within the framework of oral administration, will give the necessary effect in the required time.