Such a disease is an inflammatory process that occurs and develops quickly enough in the bladder. In this regard, the most effective, as well as informative way to diagnose the disease is to conduct a general urine test for cystitis.
Types of urine tests
Bacteria that stimulate the inflammatory process, waste products, deviations in the functioning of the bladder and the consequences resulting from this affect many indicators. Often, a competent specialist can make a reliable diagnosis, based only on the results of a urinalysis. However, there are alternative diagnostic methods.
The most common urine tests for cystitis, which the doctor prescribes, include:
- urine biochemistry;
- urine culture;
- Nechiporenko analysis.
All of these types of studies are optional and may be prescribed at the discretion of the doctor who will be involved in the treatment. It makes sense to carry them out if there are any doubts or there is a reasonable need. These studies with developing cystitis can give the doctor additional information, will detect some concomitant diseases, determine the type and nature of the pathogen.
We will examine in more detail what tests should be taken with cystitis.
What effect does cystitis have on urine composition ?
To confirm the fact of the presence of a disease such as cystitis, for a start it will be enough to examine the general analysis of the patient's urine. It is worth noting that even a visual examination of a urine sample will determine the presence of changes in its quality. For example, in the presence of cystitis, the following changes will be characteristic of a urine sample:
- There is a change in the color of urine. Reddish shades of varying saturation may be present. They depend on how much blood is in the urine.
- Urine becomes cloudy.
- Traces of pus may be present if the disease is acute or severely neglected.
- There may be mucus that appears due to inflammation of the epithelial cells.
Characteristic signs of cystitis in the urine
Quantitative and structural changes are further detected during laboratory studies. For the urine of a patient suffering from cystitis, the following symptoms are characteristic:
- Elevated white blood cell count in the sample. This indicator is a sure sign that an inflammatory process is present.
- An increase in the number of red blood cells. It is taken into account if there are more than two red blood cells in the field of view.
- There are changes in the acid-base balance of urine.
- A slight increase in protein levels may be observed.
- Microorganisms that cause an inflammatory process in the bladder can be detected.
Depending on the result of urinalysis with cystitis, the patient will be given the appropriate diagnosis and treatment will be prescribed. Many treatment factors depend on the quantitative changes of each indicator. For example, the presence of protein in the urine and its increase in cystitis is negligible. But if there is an excess of it in the urine sample, then this may be evidence of the presence of another disease, for example, pyelonephritis.
Norm
In fact, the urine of a healthy person is characterized by a certain proportion of the elements that are in its composition. The results of urine tests should reflect a violation or compliance with this proportion. For example, an analysis according to Nechiporenko is able to identify the ratio of cylinders, red blood cells and white blood cells in urine. If the composition of urine is normal, then by one milliliter it will have indicators that are reflected below:
- the normal number of red blood cells in the analysis of urine in men and women is 1000;
- white blood cell count: for men should be at the level of 2000, for women - 4000;
- the number of cylinders for both sexes is 20.
These are the main indicators of a general urine test for cystitis according to Nechiporenko.
Deviations from this norm indicate the presence of an inflammatory process that develops in the genitourinary system and its organs. A variety of quantitative indicators indicate not only the presence of cystitis, but also other diseases, for example, prostate adenomas, urolithiasis, and others.
Decryption of urinalysis for cystitis
Color is determined visually. Normally, it is light and medium shades of yellow. Children's urine is lighter than in adults. A dark tone indicates pathology.
The smell is determined by smell, with an unpleasant odor suggest pathology.
Transparency is evaluated visually. Normal - it is transparent or slightly cloudy.
The density is measured by a urometer, the norm is 1010 (1018) -1025 (1026) g / l.
Assess the acid-base reaction - acidic from 5.1 to 7.08.
Organic matter Urine should not contain glucose, bilirubin, bile acids. There may be a lot of protein, but this is already a deviation.
If there is a suspicion of concomitant diseases, a general blood test may be prescribed. If there are no such diseases, then a blood test will show results that are within normal limits. If there are deviations, but they are insignificant, then this only indicates the presence of an inflammatory process, but no more.
Urine analysis for cystitis in women - how to prepare? This will be discussed later.
Preparation for the collection of biomaterial for research
The patient is primarily interested in the objectivity of the result of the study. That is why it is worth exploring several important rules that must be observed in order to avoid getting an incorrect result. The collection of biomaterial for urine testing, the patient should be carried out in the manner described below:
- Throughout the day preceding the day of collecting urine samples, you should drink drinks and foods that have the maximum neutrality of their composition. It is recommended to abandon products containing dyes, as well as fruits, vegetables and diuretic decoctions.
- The collection of biomaterial should be carried out only on the morning of the day when a female urine test is due for cystitis. If you do this in advance, on the eve, during the storage time, individual indicators, for example, acid-base balance, may change. This will undoubtedly affect the result of the study.
- Before collecting urine, it is necessary to wash the external genitalia with special care. This is necessary so that unnecessary impurities do not enter the urine collection container.
- For the same reason, it is necessary to collect an average portion of urine. That is, the first portion should be skipped, then you need to substitute the jar and collect the middle portion and, without waiting for the end of the urination process, remove the container. The composition of this particular material will be the most objective. The amount of biomaterial collected should not be less than 100 milliliters.
- If we talk about additional precautions, then during the collection of the sample it is recommended to part the labia in order to avoid their washing with urine.
How to take a urine test for cystitis to the laboratory? Biomaterial collected in the described manner must be delivered to honey. institution for a short period (2 hours).
Diagnostics
After the laboratory conducts the necessary research, it will pass the result to the attending physician, who will examine it and make a diagnosis. After that, the attending physician selects the most effective method of treatment. If an inflammatory process occurs in the body, it is very important to undergo diagnosis exclusively by a specialist, and not to self-medicate. Only a specialist is able to make the correct diagnosis, identify the pathogen of inflammation and determine which antibiotics are sensitive to it.
Treatment
Today, doctors do not have a unanimous opinion regarding treatment issues with the help of folk remedies. Some of them can be simply useless, and some can be harmful. Be that as it may, it is necessary to exclude them before conducting a study on cystitis due to the fact that they are able to affect the result. The same applies to such a method as heating an inflamed bladder.
Very often, women during periods when cystitis exacerbates, apply a heating pad to the lower abdomen. The vast majority of specialists believe that such heating only brings harm, not benefit. The pathological process in the inflamed organ may be at the peak of its development, and during this period you should not expose it to elevated temperatures.
Throughout the course of treatment for cystitis, one should refrain from sexual intercourse. In addition, doctors often insist on the need for testing by a sexual partner. This is required in order to exclude a possible latent inflammatory process. What will a urinalysis with cystitis show after treatment?
Urinalysis
Basically, after 10-14 days after the drug treatment is started, a urinalysis becomes normal. But do not forget that this does not mean a full recovery. The inflammatory focus may not be completely eliminated. That is why you should not interrupt the course of treatment or neglect the recommendations of a doctor. Such actions can only exacerbate the problem.
The vast majority of cases of the transition of cystitis to a chronic form are associated precisely with such unwise steps by the patient.
Recommendations
Until the course of treatment prescribed by the attending physician is over, all the recommendations of a specialist should be strictly observed. Only this will allow you to recover faster, without fear that the cystitis will become chronic or complications will arise that will require more complex diagnostic procedures and longer treatment. It is extremely undesirable to start the inflammatory process. The sooner the patient consults a specialist, the more favorable the prognosis of the disease will be.
So, we talked in detail about how to pass a urine test for cystitis.