Nephrotic syndrome is a condition that develops against a background of a variety of systemic, purulent, infectious, urological and metabolic diseases. This pathology complicates the process of kidney disease in approximately 20% of cases. The syndrome most often occurs in adulthood, usually between thirty and forty
years of human life. It is less common in childhood and in the elderly.
In the case of this disease, a classic set of signs is observed: the level of proteinuria is higher than 3.5 g / day, hypoproteinemia and albuminemia - less than 50 g / l, the amount of cholesterol - more than 6.5 mol / l, swelling. When the first and second manifestations are absent, the condition is called a reduced (incomplete) nephrotic syndrome.
Factors contributing to the development of pathology
According to the method of origin, nephrotic syndrome is divided into primary, which complicates the course of independent kidney diseases, and secondary is a consequence of ailments that involve the mentioned organs for the second time. The first type of pathology is often observed with pyelonephritis, amyloidosis, in pregnant women, with hypernephroma and some other ailments. Secondary nephrotic syndrome is a pathology that can be caused by many conditions. These include:
- rheumatic lesions and collagenoses;
- nodular periarteritis ;
- hemorrhagic vasculitis ;
- scleroderma;
- rheumatism;
- suppurative processes;
- diseases of the lymphatic system;
- parasitic and infectious ailments.
Nephrotic syndrome: diagnosis
Sometimes a pathology develops against the background of an allergic reaction to drugs, poisoning with mercury vapor, insect bites or reptiles. Occasionally, it is not possible to identify the cause of the disease (mainly in children), thus, the idiopathic form of the disease is distinguished.
The main ways to identify pathology are data obtained by clinical and laboratory studies of urine, blood (general and biochemical analysis). Nephrotic syndrome can be determined by an objective examination by a doctor. In this case, mother-of-pearl, pale dry and cold to the touch areas of the skin, a characteristic plaque on the tongue, bloating, swelling and an enlarged liver are detected.
Therapy
Treatment of nephrotic syndrome (including in children) is carried out only in a hospital under the strict supervision of a doctor. The main therapeutic measures in this case are the restriction of fluid intake, a
salt-free diet, bed rest, and the use of medications.
People suffering from nephrotic syndrome are prescribed drugs such as antibiotics and heparin, potassium and diuretics, antihistamines and cardiac substances, vitamins. In the case of an unexplained cause of the pathology, steroid therapy (prednisone) is recommended. This makes it possible to suppress the formation of antibodies and improve blood flow and filtration in the kidneys. In case of infection, antibiotics are prescribed. During the remission of the disease, treatment is prescribed in the conditions of specialized climatic resorts.