Urolithiasis: symptoms and treatment in men. Signs and diagnosis of the disease

Urolithiasis (ICD) is a pathology that always accompanies pain. Uncomfortable sensations are often localized in the lower back. But if the stone moves toward the exit, pain can be felt in the entire abdomen. Such symptoms often underlie the wrong diagnosis and make the patient suspect appendicitis or an ulcer. Therefore, we consider what are the symptoms and treatment in men with a diagnosis of urolithiasis.

What is the basis of the disease?

The disease is much more common in the stronger sex than in women. Statistics give the following numbers. In men, urolithiasis is three times more often diagnosed.

Doctors divide the causes of pathology into two groups: external and internal factors. Consider them.

External factors leading to the formation of stones:

1. Features of the climate. Dry air often leads to dehydration.
2. Soil structure. It affects the electrolyte content of products.
3. Water . With urolithiasis, a source of pathology can be an excess of salts in the fluid consumed. This leads to a high concentration of them in the urine. In addition, the acidity of water affects stone formation.
4. Daily regime. Hypodynamia contributes to the development of pathology.
5. Lack of fluid. A small amount of water consumed seriously increases the risk of a disease.
6. Diet. The formation of stones contributes to the excessive consumption of meat products, as well as food containing many purine bases (sorrel, spinach, peas).

These are not the only sources that affect the development of such a pathology as urolithiasis. The reasons may lie in internal factors:

1. Infectious diseases of the urinary tract: urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis.
2. Digestive tract pathologies: gallstone disease, pancreatitis, hepatitis, colitis.
3. Infections of other organs: osteomyelitis, furunculosis, tonsillitis.
4. Abnormal development of the bladder, kidneys, ureters.

Symptoms of the disease

At the initial stages, urolithiasis does not have any special clinical manifestations. Symptoms and treatment in men are often absent during this period. Pathology can be detected if other diseases are diagnosed.

The characteristic signs of urolithiasis occur in a patient with the advancement of stones. The most common symptom is severe, sudden onset pain. This condition is characterized as renal colic.

She has the following symptoms:

1. Paroxysmal severe pain, which periodically worsens.
2. An increase in temperature may occur.
3. Painful discomfort appears suddenly, often during shaking, moving, or after a large amount of fluid, alcohol. Changing the position of the body does not eliminate the pain.
4. Discomfort can spread to the lumbar region, lower abdomen, groin.

Symptoms

The localization of pain and its nature make it possible to determine the place where the stones are located if the patient is diagnosed with urolithiasis. Symptoms and treatment in men are completely dependent on their location:

1. The discomfort that arose in the lumbar region (in the region of the rib-vertebral angle), spreading in the groin, characterizes the localization of kidney stones and their movement along the ureter. With this pathology, blood often appears in the urine.
2. If the pain concentrates on the side of the lower back and extends to the groin, then the stone is high. Painful discomfort results from stretching the kidney capsule.
3. A moving stone always causes pain. The bal radiates, as a rule, in the anterior thigh and scrotum.
4. Pain sensation is constant. Sometimes the patient has periods of relief, which are replaced by an exacerbation. Such symptoms are characteristic for the localization of stones in the bladder.

In addition to the above clinical manifestations, other signs may be observed:

• dysuria;
• deterioration of the patient;
• fever;
• hematuria;
• nausea, vomiting;
• delayed urine output due to blockage of the neck of the bladder.

Diagnosis of the disease

To confirm the diagnosis of urolithiasis , the patient’s medical history is examined very carefully. Doctors are interested in past treatment, its effectiveness. Such measures allow you to correctly prescribe adequate therapy.

The diagnosis is made as a result of the following data:

1. The patient has characteristic symptoms. Intermittent acute pain in the lumbar region, abdomen, or groin. Incomplete emptying of the bladder. Burning sensation during urination in the urethra.
2. Inspection Data The doctor feels the abdomen, as a result of which inflammatory pathologies of the peritoneum, such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, are excluded. Tapping of the lumbar region and abdomen makes it possible to differentiate pathology from lumbago, radiculitis, pyelonephritis. An external examination of the patient can characterize many diseases of the urinary system. The patient’s posture, skin color, and swelling are taken into account.
3. Characteristics of the pathology of the general urine analysis. As a rule, an increased density is detected. Unchanged red blood cells are found in the urine. A high concentration of salts was noted. Such indicators of a general urinalysis indicate the presence of a urolithiasis in the patient.
4. Ultrasound data. This examination determines the diagnosis with high accuracy and gives an idea of ​​the size, shape and location of the stones.
5. CT results. The examination is used if the ultrasound did not give a complete description of the pathology.
6. Results of an X-ray contrast examination. This method allows a detailed study of the flow of urine. Diagnosis reveals where the duct is blocked.

Varieties of stones

It is very important not only to determine such a pathology as urolithiasis. Symptoms and treatment in men are completely dependent on the variety of stones. That is why it is advisable not to resort to traditional medicine, but to entrust your health to an experienced professional.

The following stones can form with urolithiasis:

1. Oxalate . Such stones are formed from the calcium salt of oxalic acid. They are distinguished by high density, prickly surface. Initially, their color is black and gray. If the stone hurts the mucous membrane, it becomes black or dark brown due to the blood pigment.
2. Phosphate They contain a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. As a rule, the stone is smooth or slightly rough. It can take a variety of forms. The consistency of the stone is soft. It is distinguished by light gray or white color. Such a stone tends to grow rapidly. Very easy to crush.
3. Urate . Uric acid or its salts form them. The stones are yellow-brick in color. They have a smooth surface, but a solid consistency. Crushing is possible with the help of medications.
4. Carbonate . They contain the calcium salt of carbonic acid. The consistency of the stones is soft, and the shape is diverse. The calculus has a smooth surface and is characterized by white color.
5. Cystine They are formed by the sulfur compound of the amino acid cystine. The stones are round in shape, yellowish white. As a rule, they have a smooth surface, soft consistency.
6. Protein . Their formation is promoted by fibrin mixed with bacteria and salts. The stones are white, small, soft and flat.
7. Cholesterol . It is extremely rare in the kidneys. Consist of cholesterol, have a soft consistency, are distinguished by black color. Such calculi are dangerous because they crumble easily.

Disease treatment

The tactics of combating pathology is determined by the urologist. For treatment, surgical methods and conservative therapy are used. The choice of the necessary method depends on the condition of the patient, his age, size and location of the stone, the clinical course of the pathology, the presence of physiological or anatomical changes, as well as the stage of renal failure.

In most cases, surgical treatment is necessary to eliminate the stones. The exception is calculi formed by uric acid. These stones can be dissolved with conservative treatment.

Initially, the following drugs are prescribed for a patient with urolithiasis:

1. Antispasmodics . They eliminate spasm of the ureter, contribute to the relaxation of its walls. This allows you to reduce pain and facilitate the passage of stones. The following drugs are recommended for the patient: “Papaverine”, “No-shpa”, “Halidor”, “Diprofen”.
2. Pain medication. They are prescribed in case of an attack of renal colic. Means that perfectly eliminate the pain syndrome: "Analgin", "Bral", "Tempalgin", "Baralgin", "Pentalgin", "Tetralgin".

Antibacterial drugs may be prescribed for some patients. They are introduced into therapy if an infection joins an urolithiasis. The choice of the necessary antibiotics can only be done by a doctor based on an examination.

Dissolution of urate

It is extremely important to understand: how to treat urolithiasis, only the doctor will tell, since you can select the necessary medications to dissolve the calculus after determining its type.

The following drugs are used to treat urates:

1. "Allopurinol", "Allozim", "Allopron", "Allupol", "Zilorik", "Milurit", "Remid", "Sanfipurol", "Purinol". Such medications help to reduce the deposition of uric acid salts.
2. Etamide. The medicine stimulates the intensive withdrawal of urates with urine. Helps reduce uric acid salts in the body.
3. "Urodan." A combination drug that causes alkalization of urine. The medicine promotes the formation of soluble salts with uric acid.
4. Uralit U The tool is used to dissolve urates. Protects the body from the appearance of new stones.
5. "Blemaren." The drug is able to dissolve urates and some other urinary stones.
6. "Solimok." It perfectly dissolves urinary stones, mainly urate.

Oxalate Dissolution

If the patient is diagnosed with these stones, drug therapy includes drugs:

1. "Marelin."
2. "Spilled." A herbal preparation that promotes the dissolution of oxalate stones.
3. Medicinal fees No. 7; No. 8; No. 9; No. 10. Such funds are officially recognized by urology. They have diuretic, litholytic (dissolving stones), antispasmodic properties.

Phosphate dissolution

To combat this pathology, the most popular drugs are:

1. "Madder madder extract." Such a tool allows you to loosen phosphates. In addition, the drug has an antispasmodic and diuretic effect.
2. "Marelin." The drug not only softens the stones, but also perfectly eliminates the spasm of the renal pelvis, ureter. The medicine relieves inflammation in the genitourinary system.

Dissolution of cystine stones

If this pathology is detected, it is most advisable to take the following medications:

1. "Penicillamine." The product forms a specific compound with cystine that is readily soluble in urine. This allows you to reduce stones.
2. Thiopronin. The effect on the body of the drug is similar to the above drug. It is prescribed if "Penicillamine" was ineffective.
3. "Potassium citrate", "Sodium bicarbonate." Medications alkalizing urine. As a result, cystine stones dissolve.
4. "Uralit."

Power Features

Be sure all patients must follow the diet prescribed by the doctor. Urolithiasis in men, depending on the type of calculi, imposes certain restrictions on nutrition.

If urate is detected in the patient, then it is necessary to minimize the use of:

1. Foods rich in purines. These are fish, animal meat, mushrooms, offal, legumes, meat broths. Such food is permissible once a week.
2. Alcohol Patients are prohibited from drinking red wine, beer.

Dietary nutrition should be based on the following foods:

• bell peppers, tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes;
• mild cheese;
• millet, buckwheat, barley groats;
• fruits, berries;
• pasta;
• eggs
• milk, cottage cheese, dairy products.

Patients diagnosed with oxalates should limit the use of the following products:

• spinach, lettuce, sorrel;
• beets, carrots, tomatoes;
• sauerkraut;
• celery, parsley;
• coffee Tea;
• jelly, jellies;
• chocolate, cocoa;
• green beans;
• chicken, beef;
• currants, citrus fruits, sour apples.

It is recommended to enrich food with products containing calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6. The following foods are preferred:

• dairy products;
• whole grains, cereals;
• potatoes, pumpkin, cabbage;
• nuts
• apricots, bananas, pears, watermelons;
• peas.

When detecting phosphate in the diet, you should limit:

• cranberries, currants, lingonberries;
• vegetables fruits;
• dairy products, cottage cheese, cheese, dairy products;
• alcohol;
• spicy spices;
• carbonated drinks;
• coffee.

It is recommended to give preference to products containing a little calcium, but having an acid reaction. Vitamin A is helpful.

The following foods are preferred in the diet:

• various soups;
• vegetable oil;
• pasta, bread;
• butter;
• fish, meat;
• fruit drinks and juices from sour berries and fruits (cranberries, citrus fruits, apples).

With cystine stones, the following food is subject to exclusion:

1. Offal - spleen, liver, kidneys.
2. Fish, meat. It is allowed to consume no more than 3 days a week. The daily dose is 200-250 mg.
3. Eggs (only one piece per day is allowed).
4. Wheat flour.
5. Legumes

It is recommended to enrich the diet with food containing many vitamins, such as:

• watermelons;
• citrus;
• lingonberry;
• grapes;
• Strawberry;
• raisins;
• Garnet;
• olives;
• pears
• currant;
• carrot;
• nuts
• blueberries.

Conclusion

If necessary, patients with a diagnosis of "ICD" (urolithiasis) may be recommended special methods of crushing stones. As you can see, any pathology can be dealt with. The main thing is not to give up and strictly comply with all doctor's prescriptions.