In young children, dyspepsia, dyskinesia, lack of enzymes, belching and gastrointestinal dysfunction are the most common digestive problems. The highest likelihood of developing such a condition in infants and children under one year of age. Knowing the symptoms of dyspepsia, you can understand in time that something is wrong with the health of the child, and seek the help of a qualified doctor.
Nuances and anatomy
Dyspepsia syndrome in children of one year of age is explained by anatomical nuances, in particular, how defecation occurs. Constipation, diarrhea, characteristic of babies, are very different from the pathological condition that worries an adult. At the age of one month (and earlier), the child should have stool 4-5 times a day. At the age of one year, this number corresponds to the number of meals, but not more than six. In infants, for the first six months, the substance looks like gruel. From six months to a year old, the chair becomes decorated, although for some it happens later. In the absence of impurities and the normal condition of the child, this phenomenon is the norm.
Simple dyspepsia in a child is a condition of prolonged diarrhea. Frequent (more than six) bowel movements with a liquid substance (thinner than normal) are considered to be diarrhea in babies. Features of the substance (shade, texture, the presence of foreign elements) depend on the diet of the child, age. If the baby is breast-fed, the discharge should be light brownish, uniform, similar to gruel. They do not have a sharp smell or the presence of impurities. Feeding an artificial product is the reason for the yellowish tint, sour smell. The pathology is indicated by the appearance in the secretions of blood inclusions, mucous membranes. Whitish lumps are possible. A baby can be considered unhealthy if the discharge is too thin.
Terms and phenomena
Dyspepsia in a child is observed if the baby is fed too much or too little, use food that is not suitable for the child. The disease is not associated with infectious invasion, is alimentary in nature. Diarrhea is due to feeding disorders. In most cases, the phenomenon occurs because they begin to give complementary foods too early or give very large volumes, the products are not used correctly. In some cases, the reason is too large volumes of milk mixtures that are ingested. Overfeeding with natural breast milk is very difficult, so this reason for dyspepsia in medical practice is extremely rare.
Finding out all the features of the pathological condition, treatment methods, symptoms of dyspepsia in children, the causes of the phenomenon, doctors found that the problem is often explained by the use of an unadapted product. Wrong choice of mixture can lead to extremely negative consequences, especially at a tender age.
What to look for?
Dyspepsia in a child can begin if insufficiently well-prepared, improperly processed foods or nutrients that are incompatible with each other are given as food. A higher probability of a pathological condition, if the baby is improperly looked after, carelessly treat hygiene. This primarily concerns the cooking stage, but overheating, hypothermia, overly tightened diapers can play a role.
The risk group for steatorrhea, fermentative, toxic dyspepsia in children includes premature babies and those who have genetically determined metabolic problems inherited from birth. Higher danger for children whose weight is less than normal, as well as for those suffering from rickets.
Rules and consequences of neglecting them
The treatment of dyspepsia in a child is usually required with improper feeding, insufficiently careful processing of food. It will also require therapy if adults give children such products that the digestive system cannot cope due to their underdevelopment. All this stimulates the breakdown of enzyme systems, which in all young children are inferior due to age. It is customary to talk about three options for dyspepsia: fermentation, putrefactive, steatorrhea.
Forms and Types
Fermentative dyspepsia in a child is observed if an excessively large amount of carbohydrates enters the body with food. This is characteristic of eating excessive amounts of food. Most often, overfeeding occurs by artificial nutrition, mashed vegetables and fruits. The structures do not break down in the digestive system, which leads to active peristalsis, which manifests itself as diarrhea.
Putrefactive dyspepsia in children occurs if an excess of protein structures comes with food. If there are too many proteins in the digestive system, a complete breakdown is impossible, and putrefactive processes are activated under the influence of molecules. These are localized in the intestinal tract and lead to the production of toxic substances. Skatol, indole, acetic acid enter the tissues and organs. Such substances irritate receptors located on the intestinal mucous membranes, due to which the peristalsis of the organ is activated. The child suffers from abundant and frequent loose stools, it vomits, intestinal glands produce much more mucus than normal.
Concluding the review
Steatorrhea is such a dyspepsia in a child whose distinguishing feature is an excess of fatty structures in the discharge during bowel movements. The phenomenon can be disturbing if the baby is given too oily food. The process is explained by the inability of the chemicals contained in the digestive tract to break down these fats completely. Fatty soap acids are formed during the reaction, due to which the secretions get a luster and a yellowish tint. Such a substance is liberated abundantly, it is quite oily. It is not difficult to notice the stator; if you follow the child: it is problematic to clean the pot, the diaper from the discharge.
Signs and manifestations
Symptoms of fermentative dyspepsia in children, putrid, oily are often quite mild. The child either does not vomit at all, or this is observed, but rarely enough. Stool with dyspepsia is more than normal, but no more than ten times a day. As a rule, a therapeutic course is practiced in an inpatient setting.
If the manifestations are accompanied by copious discharge, the baby often vomits, dehydration of the body is observed, the condition becomes severe, it makes sense to suspect the infectious nature of the disease.
Before a diarrhea attack, the child is worried, crying. Against the background of dyspepsia, appetite worsens, a complete rejection of food is possible. Typically, the temperature is kept within normal limits, possibly increasing to subfebrile. If the baby vomits, then either immediately after eating, or one and a half to two hours after the feeding procedure.
Chair: special attention
A key manifestation of dyspepsia in a child is stool disorder. Discharges are frequent, liquid. Most often, a fermentation form of a pathological condition is observed. It manifests itself in liquid secretions. Per day, bowel movements occur 5-8 times. The hue is secreted greenish, it is possible the inclusion of mucous components, lumps of whitish color. Visually, the substance resembles chopped boiled eggs.
Hue stool due to abnormal reactions involving bile enzymes. Whitish blotches are soap derivatives of fatty acids. If the condition is very serious, toxic substances accumulate in the intestinal tract, which causes enteric toxicosis. In this case, watery discharge, feces is present in the liquid in flakes.
Symptoms nuances
Fermentative dyspepsia in a child causes active gas production, and the walls of the intestinal tract are stretched. This can stimulate soreness in the abdomen. The baby is worried, a visual examination allows you to notice a slight bloating. The rumbling in the intestinal tract is distinguishable with the use of a phonendoscope, but even without it you can sometimes hear sounds. Soreness in the abdomen disappears when gas escapes - after which the baby calms down.
In most cases, the child's condition is satisfactory. Dehydration leads to dryness and blanching of the skin, a white coating is observed on the tongue. A particularly responsible treatment of fermentative dyspepsia in a child is necessary if a pathological condition causes severe disorders. This is possible if the case is complicated by infection with pathological microflora, but in practice this is very rare. If you do not help the child, gradually the symptoms of poisoning increase, active diarrhea, vomiting are possible. The child is generally lethargic, the skin is dry, leaching of salts from the body can cause convulsions.
What to do?
Treatment of dyspepsia in children begins with determining the exact nature of the pathological condition. First, it is necessary to exclude infectious invasion. This can be done only in a hospital setting, so the therapeutic course is not chosen without agreement with the doctor. If the form is mild, the absence of infection is confirmed, the doctor is developing a program for correcting the condition at home.
The first step in therapy is choosing the right nutritional program. Cancel the food that caused the pathology. One or two feeding procedures are replaced with a tea, water break, and the volume of other meals is reduced. On the first day of treatment, the baby is put up to 70 ml of breast milk at a time, that is, each feeding lasts no more than four minutes. If artificial products are used, only adapted products are allowed. Sour milk is preferred. On one procedure should be no more than 70 ml of food.
Nutrition: what to look for?
With dyspepsia during the tea break, it is necessary to feed the child not with milk or an artificial mixture, but with glucose-salt fluids. You can use a five percent glucose solution, isotonic sodium chloride, rehydron. Small children are allowed green tea and rice broth with carrot juice, pure rice broth. Pectins obtained from carrots are able to absorb poisonous components localized in the intestinal tract, gas molecules and other substances generated by incomplete splitting of products. Rice mucus, starch envelop the mucous membranes, protect the walls of the intestinal tract from the aggressive effects of toxic substances, and stimulate regeneration.
At home, children can be fed carrot soup. Half a kilogram of carrots is added per liter of clean liquid and boiled for half an hour. Salt the soup with three grams of salt. Boiled carrots are mashed through a sieve and liquid is added to the pulp until the total volume is equal to a liter. If the child vomits, such a product is used for a teaspoon every 5-10 minutes. The daily fluid rate is 150 ml / kg.
If the baby does not vomit, diarrhea weakens, the condition gradually becomes better, you can increase the amount of food. To previous meals lead on average on the sixth day. The introduction of complementary foods should be slow, gradual, smooth. For the first time, complementary foods can be given two weeks after the development of dyspepsia, sometimes later. When choosing complementary foods, it is necessary to use products that are better tolerated by others than others.
Medical assistance
To stimulate digestive processes, sometimes doctors prescribe enzyme preparations. Powder pancreatin or Creon may be prescribed for children. The Prolipase, Pantsitrat funds proved to be quite good. They contain microscopic capsules of the active compounds. Substances have proven themselves safe, reliable, effective. True, they are quite expensive; not every family can afford them. If it is not possible to purchase such an expensive product, you should look at traditional enzyme preparations, the instructions of which indicate that they are suitable for children. The most affordable options are powdered pancreatin or available in the form of a tablet without a shell.
The bags contain enzyme tablets - “Festal”, “Mezim”. They should not be used, since tools for adults were developed, not adapted to the body of babies. Quite often used for the treatment of adults and children Smectu. The active components of the medication envelop and protect the intestinal mucosa, absorb dangerous and harmful compounds from the tract. One-year-olds are recommended to use one sachet divided into several procedures for a day. The drug is dissolved in boiled liquid or a solution of salts and glucose. You can use rice broth to breed powder.
What to treat: what else will help?
To quickly cleanse the baby’s body of dangerous, toxic substances, products formed during incomplete digestion, various sorbents are used. In pharmacies in abundance are represented "Enterosgel", "Polyphepan". The simplest and most affordable sorbent available in the medicine cabinet of almost any person is activated carbon. The choice in favor of a particular option is best entrusted to the doctor: from excessive and improper use can be harmful to the body, even if it is the safest remedy.
If the child has an extremely strong gas formation, a tube can be installed in the hospital to remove air masses. To relieve pain in the stomach, antispasmodics can be prescribed. The classic preparation is called Papaverine, and the popular No-Shpa is made on the same active ingredient.
Nuances and treatment
With alimentary dyspepsia, antimicrobial therapy is ineffective and not indicated. After correcting the pathological condition, it is necessary to include live cultures in the child’s diet. They are rich in special drugs - Linex and Bifidumbacterin.
If the condition is assessed as moderate or severe, there is a risk of dehydration of the body, the baby is left for treatment in stationary conditions. Solutions of glucose and salt components are poured into a vein of a sick child. Doctors monitor the condition of the baby, prescribe symptomatic therapy, if necessary.