Sinusitis - suppuration of the mucous membrane of the sinuses of the nose. The fluid in the sinuses during inflammation can be of three types: catarrhal, mucous or purulent. In the presence of sinusitis in the picture in the sinuses of the nose, the contents of a white shade will be visible (like milk in a glass vessel, this is the principle for determining the disease). But, unfortunately, it is impossible to find out from a photograph what the sinuses of the nasal cavity are filled with: mucus or pus. You will learn about how sinusitis looks on an X-ray (photo above), and what are the methods of combating the disease, from the article.
In the picture
In the pictures, sinuses with sinusitis have an oval shape, normally sinuses do not contain air, so you need to compare the shade of the oval formations with the shade of the orbits. Shades must match, and this is considered the norm. If the sinuses in the photo of the image with sinusitis have a darker shade and have white content, then this indicates that there is a pathology. In sinus disease, there may be curved edges and thickened walls. This, of course, does not exactly say that everything is reliable, you should not self-medicate at home. X-ray pathology is determined on its own only for early diagnosis. For an accurate and reliable determination, it is necessary to go to the doctor, conduct an x-ray from different angles of inclination, in order to calmly and accurately issue a conclusion that the patient suffers from sinusitis.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is based on the patient's complaints of chills, photophobia, or severe headache, concentrated in only one specific place. Such symptoms may be accompanied by increased body temperature, reaching 38 degrees, in addition, the patient may also complain of pus smell, which is felt constantly.
With all these complaints, the doctor first conducts an external initial examination, then supplements it with diagnostics using special medical equipment. Most often, for the most accurate diagnosis, an x-ray is taken, and not in one, but in three projections at once. Using the diagnosis of sinusitis in an X-ray image, you can see in detail the areas where pus can accumulate and the inflammatory process occurs. The advantage of this diagnostic method is that in the created projections there are no shadows from the pyramids of the temporal bones, nothing prevents a detailed examination of the state of the maxillary sinuses.
Pictures of the nose with sinusitis, made in different projections, help to identify the accumulation of pus or mucus, as well as the onset of the inflammatory process. If there is a need for accurate diagnosis of hard-to-reach places, the doctor can prescribe a computed tomography,
Drug treatment
Sinusitis is characterized by quite pronounced symptoms (nasal congestion, headaches, fever), which gives the person significant discomfort. In addition, if you do not start drug therapy in a timely manner, then the disease can develop into a chronic form and cause serious complications.
Modern medical practice has in its arsenal a wide selection of pharmacological drugs that are part of the treatment for sinusitis, which is indicated by spots in the picture. Actually, drug treatment of sinusitis is conditionally divided into certain areas, which together help to get rid of this pathology.
Symptom relief and breathing relief
For this, drugs of the adrenomimetic group are used, which help relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa and contribute to the discharge of purulent secretion from the maxillary sinuses. The main substance of these drugs is xylometazoline or naphazoline, which are not recommended for use for more than 7-10 days. Among the most commonly prescribed drugs are the following:
- Sanorin
- "Nazivin";
- Galazolin
- "Evkazolin-Aqua".
To remove puffiness and wash out purulent contents, nasal lavage is also used with special solutions, such as, for example, Miramistin, a solution with sea salt.
Taking antibiotics
Since sinusitis is an inflammatory disease with a bacterial etiology, the main role in drug therapy is assigned to a group of antibiotics. To determine the optimal antibiotic of a narrow spectrum of action, a thorough diagnosis is needed, which will help to accurately determine the type of pathogen bacterium in order to act on it more specifically.
In the treatment of sinusitis, the following antibiotic groups are most effective:
- in the acute form of the course of the disease, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin are used to achieve a quick effect;
- in case of insufficient effectiveness of the above drugs, fluoroquinolones ("Moxifloxacin", "Ofloxacin") and cephalosporins ("Cefazolin", "Cefodox") are prescribed;
- after surgery, as well as in the case of contraindications of other groups, third-line antibiotics are used (Fluimucil).
In addition to the tablet form, antibiotics are used in the form of drops and sprays (Isofra, Polydex).
Corticosteroids
In addition to antibiotics, in the treatment of sinusitis, drugs of the corticosteroid group are widely used in the form of drops, which have an anti-inflammatory effect. It:
- Fluticasone (and its analogues);
- "Nazonex".
Other means
In addition to the medicines described above, for sinusitis, antihistamines (antiallergic) drugs, painkillers (analgesics, ibuprofen), drugs that help thin the purulent secretion (mucolytics), and herbal preparations (Sinupret, Cinnabsin) are recommended for use.
Alternative treatment
The main options for folk home treatment of inflammation in the sinuses are phytotherapeutic: ointments, homemade drops, medicinal herbal teas, steam inhalations with herbal decoctions. In addition, physical methods help - nasal sinus massage, breathing exercises, warming up (a slightly cooled boiled egg wrapped in a tissue flap is applied to the maxillary sinuses) and nose washing. Also used are beekeeping products, tinctures of herbs and essential oils. Home ointments are local remedies. Their main functions are anesthesia and removal of tissue edema, as well as regeneration of the affected nasal mucosa. Ointments are impregnated with cotton swabs and inserted into one or both nasal passages. The patient should lie with his head slightly tilted back. A roller is placed under the neck.
Here are some recipes:
- Stir 2 tbsp. l aloe juice with 50 g of dioxidin ointment and 2-3 drops of peppermint oil.
- Combine honey, vegetable oil (sunflower, corn or olive) and onion or garlic. If the honey is thick, preheat in a water bath, add 1 tsp. onion or garlic juice and 1 tbsp. l selected oil.
- Take 1 tsp. onion juice, propolis, honey and aloe juice. Mix with pharmacy ointment Vishnevsky. Apply in a warm form.
- In the same amount, mix propolis tincture, honey and onion juice. Heat in a water bath and add laundry soap. Cool and apply.
These funds cleanse the affected sinuses well and draw pus out of them. You can use your own nose drops. Sometimes pharmacy drops in the nose no longer help or cause allergies. They are unavailable to someone for financial reasons. But a good way out is to prepare nasal drops from the components that are at home.
Cyclamen
Indoor plant with small root vegetables and pink flowers. On its basis, the pharmaceutical preparation Sinuforte is made. For a home remedy, you need the most useful part of the plant - the root, which can be found in the market or in the pharmacy. The root should be grated and squeezed juice. But be careful: cyclamen is a poisonous plant. Enough 1 tsp. juice in 200 ml of water. 2 drops of the drug are dripped into the nose daily in the morning or in the evening. Then you need to massage your sinuses and lie down with your head back.
The treatment lasts a week. As a result, the sinuses are cleaned, pus and mucus come out. If an allergic reaction occurs, the procedure should be discontinued. Important! It is forbidden to use drops from cyclamen in pregnant women.
Aloe juice
The effectiveness of aloe juice has been confirmed by modern medicine. Therefore, it is the basis of many pharmaceuticals for severe sinusitis. Aloe will relieve swelling and congestion, eliminate inflammation, and enhance the regeneration of damaged mucous membranes in the nose.
For aloe extract, you need to take only the lower leaves from a healthy plant for at least three years of age. You can just drip the extract of aloe into the nose 2 drops 3 times a day. Or prepare drops of 1 tbsp. l aloe juice and onion juice.
Attention! May give a burning sensation.
The next option is to prepare a mixture of aloe juice and Kalanchoe in equal proportions. Put 1 tsp in it . honey and a pinch of salt. Drip 3 drops into the nostril 2 times a day. Kalanchoe can be replaced with celandine. So, there are many folk remedies for sinusitis and for every taste. Perfectly treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses horseradish, aloe, honey, chamomile, salt and more. At the same time, home remedies for purulent sinusitis do not exclude the use of industrial medicines.