According to the instructions, "Biseptol" is a combined medicine from the class of sulfonamides. It is based on two active compounds: trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole. A distinctive feature is the mutual inducing effect. It is prescribed for infection with microorganisms sensitive to these compounds.
Diagnoses and Efficiency
In the instructions for Biseptol tablets, the manufacturer recommends using the drug for infection of the respiratory system. The medicine is indicated for:
- bronchitis;
- pneumonia;
- abscesses;
- empyema;
- bronchiectatic disease.
It is allowed to use Biseptolum for the treatment of both adults and children. The instructions to "Biseptolum" indicate the effectiveness of the medication for otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis. You can use the drug for infection of the gastrointestinal system. The tool is effective for dysentery, cholera, Salmonella infection. The practice of treating cystitis with Biseptol, infectious and inflammatory processes localized in the reproductive, urinary system is widespread.
The manufacturer in the instructions of "Biseptolum" mentions the effectiveness of the reception with the following diagnoses:
- meningitis;
- acne
- toxoplasmosis;
- boils;
- malaria;
- infection of the skin, soft tissues;
- brucellosis;
- blood poisoning;
- abscesses of brain tissue;
- infected wounds;
- osteomyelitis.
The dose of the drug should be chosen by the doctor. In the instructions to Biseptol, the manufacturer draws attention to the possibility of side effects in case of an overdose. In addition to the diagnosis, age, general condition are taken into account. For adults, the classic therapeutic approach is 960 mg twice a day, after a meal. Protein-rich foods that reduce the absorption of the active compound should be avoided. According to the instructions to "Biseptolum" 480 mg, the drug is not combined with alcohol.
Pharmacy shelves: what is for sale?
There are three forms at pharmaceutical points of sale. All of them have the same packaging: a cardboard box, which contains the instruction and "Biseptolum". The preparation may be in the form of tablets or suspensions. These formats are intended for oral administration. The tablets are suitable for adults, children of an older age group, the suspension can be used to treat young children. In addition, there is another option - an injection.
According to the instructions, for adults, Biseptol tablets are the most suitable format. There are two dosage options: 120 and 480 mg. "Biseptolum" 120 mg is a capsule, on one side of which an abbreviated name is engraved (letters Bs). Thickness - 2.7-3.6 mm, diameter - 8 mm. In the composition - 100 mg of sulfamethoxazole, the remaining volume is reserved for trimethoprim. If the package contains instructions for use and Biseptol 480 mg, then the diameter of each capsule is 5 mm larger and the dose thickness 4-4.8 mm. Except for the size, outwardly the tablets do not differ. 80 mg of trimethoprim accounts for 400 mg of sulfamethoxazole. One cardboard box contains instructions for use, Biseptol tablets in the amount of one blister with two dozen doses.
In addition to the active compound, in the manufacture of the drug is used:
- starch;
- talc;
- magnesium stearate;
- alcohol;
- aseptins;
- propylene glycol.
The second option for oral administration is a suspension of Biseptolum. The instructions mention that the shade ranges from white to a light cream shade. The medication in this form is intended primarily for children, therefore, contains components that give it the flavor of strawberries. In 5 ml of the substance - 40 mg of trimethoprim, 200 mg of sulfamethoxazole. In the instructions for use of the suspension "Biseptolum", the manufacturer mentions the following excipients used in the manufacture of the product:
- cellulose;
- lemon acid;
- propylene glycol;
- cremophor;
- flavoring;
- water;
- sodium hydrogen phosphate, saccharin, salt;
- maltitol;
- methyl, propylhydroxybenzoate;
- silicate of magnesium and aluminum.
One cardboard package contains a suspension of "Biseptolum" for children, instructions for use, a measuring spoon. The drug is packaged in a darkened glass bottle.
To prepare an infusion solution, Biseptol is made in the form of a concentrate. In this form, the drug is indicated primarily for adults. The instructions for use of Biseptol indicate the composition: 16 mg of trimethoprim and 80 mg of sulfamethoxazole are per 1 ml of the substance. Available in 5 ml ampoules. On sale is cardboard boxes containing a dozen ampoules of Biseptol, instructions for use.
Pharmacology
From medical practice it is clear that the drug in question is prescribed very often. Numerous positive reviews confirm this. In the instructions of Biseptol, the manufacturer explains why the drug is effective, what reactions it triggers in the human body, why it has a pronounced bactericidal effect. "Biseptolum" belongs to the combined medicines of wide efficiency. When ingested, it quickly interacts with microbial cells, blocks the reaction of biological synthesis of folates, inhibiting the vital activity of the microorganism.
Sulfamethoxazole is able to disrupt the formation of dihydrofolate acid. The second component, trimethoprim, does not allow this acid to transform into tetrahydrofolic.
The manufacturer in the instructions for the use of Biseptol tablets 480, 120 mg, as well as in the accompanying documentation for the suspension, ampoules, indicates the groups of microscopic life forms for which the medication is effective. Mostly these are gram-positive bacteria, from gram-negative - staphylococci. "Biseptolum" is prescribed when identifying the following pathogens:
- neysseries;
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Proteus
- corynebacteria.
Sensitivity to Biseptolum is fixed from:
- chlamydia;
- Klebsiella;
- actinomycetes.
In the instructions for Biseptol syrup, tablets, ampoules, the manufacturer pays attention to the resistance to the drug of mycobacteria, anaerobic life forms and viruses.
Dosage
To determine the optimal amount, body weight and patient age are taken into account. An approximate scheme for the appointment of a suspension (the drug is used in such a volume twice a day) is as follows:
- 3-6 months - 2.5 ml;
- 7 months - 3 years - 2.5-5 ml;
- 4-6 years - 5-10 ml;
- 12 years and older - 20 ml.
The duration of the therapeutic course is one and a half to two weeks. If Shigella infection is established, five days is enough.
If pneumocystis pneumonia is diagnosed, dosage per day: 120 mg per kilogram of weight. The amount thus calculated is divided into several doses, using syrup with six-hour breaks between doses. The duration of treatment is from two to three weeks.
If kidney disorders are diagnosed, creatinine clearance is estimated at 15-30 ml per minute, the dosage is halved.
Biseptol tablets: instructions for use
For adults, the drug is prescribed twice a day for 960 mg. Such a dosage is allowed from the age of 12. If long-term treatment is planned, the volume is reduced by two.
Biseptol tablets are allowed from the age of two. From two to five years old, “Biseptolum" is taken twice in 240 mg, at the age of 6-12 years, two options for using the medication are possible:
- twice a day, four tablets of 120 mg;
- twice a tablet of 480 mg.
If pneumonia is diagnosed, the dosage is calculated on the basis of mass: 100 mg sulfamethoxazole for each kilogram. There are six-hour breaks between sets. The duration of the course is two weeks.
If gonorrhea is diagnosed, in the instructions for use of Biseptol, the manufacturer recommends using the drug twice a day, withstanding twelve-hour breaks. Each dose should contain 2 g of sulfamethoxazole.
On average, the duration of the course of using the tablets is from five days to two weeks. If the disease is severe, a chronic form is established, a single dose can be increased by a third, sometimes by half. With a treatment duration of more than five days, with an increase in dosage relative to the standard, it is recommended to regularly take tests to check the quality of the peripheral circulatory system. If pathological changes are observed, folic acid is prescribed to the patient. For a day, the dose is 5-10 mg.
The rules for using the medicine are prescribed in the instructions for use of "Biseptolum": after a meal, drinking plenty of clean water.
If the disease is very difficult and there is no way to take the medicine orally, an intramuscular injection or into a vein is prescribed.
Side effects
The instructions for use of "Biseptolum" indicate the following possible allergic syndromes:
The drug can cause nausea, vomiting, stool, colitis, hepatitis, nephritis, blood impurities in urine are possible. Some patients complained that during treatment their head was sick and dizzy, an inhibited, close to depression state was observed. The manufacturer indicates that the following are possible:
- agranulocytosis;
- leuko-, neutro-, thrombocytopenia;
- anemia.
Side effects appear only in a small percentage of those who have undergone therapy. Mostly, the body's reactions are weak, insignificant, therefore, dosage adjustment or cancellation of the composition is not required. All answers are reversible, the body returns to normal after the completion of the therapeutic program.
Contraindications
The manufacturer in the instructions for use of "Biseptolum" mentions the following restrictions on the use of the drug:
- impaired functionality of the liver, kidneys in severe form;
- problems of blood-forming organs;
- the period of bearing a child;
- age younger than three years;
- severe pathologies of the heart, blood vessels;
- hypersensitivity to pharmaceutical products used in the manufacture of the drug;
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Special occasion
According to the instructions, "Biseptol" can not be used during pregnancy. If there is a need to use the drug during breastfeeding, you should transfer the child to artificial nutrition.
If it is known that the patient has had allergic reactions to any compounds or drugs in the past, Biseptol is used with caution. Also, attention is required in patients with renal, hepatic impairment, folic acid deficiency, elderly people.
"Biseptolum" is canceled if loose stool brings a lot of anxiety. Refusal of treatment requires the appearance of a skin rash on the background of the use of a medication.
If angina is established, the infectious agent is streptococcus, Biseptol is not used.
During treatment, it is important to drink a lot, as the risk of kidney stones and crystalluria increases. Using Jaffe picrinate to assess creatinine levels, it should be borne in mind that the results can deviate from real ones by 10% under the influence of the active components of Biseptol.
A long course of antibacterial composition requires regular testing to check the quality of peripheral blood.
Excess in the body
In case of an overdose, the following are possible:
- nausea;
- vomiting
- confusion.
When observing such manifestations, the drug is immediately canceled, the patient is given gastric lavage, if it was possible to identify the fact of an overdose within two hours of using the composition of the food. You need to drink a lot, use calcium folinate in the amount of 5-10 mg per day. Forced diuresis is indicated.
Compatibility
Trimethoprim in combination with sulfonylurea components increases the hypoglycemic effect of the drugs.
The combination of Biseptol and rifampicin is the reason for the shortening of the time interval necessary for the elimination half-life of trimethoprim. Combination with cyclosporins leads to a deterioration in the general condition of the patient who underwent a kidney transplant operation. The simultaneous use of thiazide diuretics and "Biseptolum" leads to a greater likelihood of thrombocytopenia, increased bleeding.
The medication activates the anticoagulant function of warfarin. In combination with phenytoin increases the anticonvulsant effectiveness of the second.
Some features
According to official information, "Biseptolum" can be used if infection with E. coli, cholera vibrio, chlamydia has been established. The components of the drug are effective against infectious agents that provoke typhoid fever, gonorrhea, diphtheria, leishmaniasis. The medication is used for fungal infection, but only with a preliminary sensitivity check - the list of agents eliminated in this way is quite limited.
It makes no sense to take "Biseptolum" if the body is infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, spirochetes. Biseptol is ineffective against leptospira. When using the drug for a disease caused by drug-sensitive agents, there is a risk of ineffectiveness of the therapeutic course. This is due to increased immunity of pathological life forms. Before starting treatment, a test for the sensitivity of the infectious agent to the agent must be carried out, only after that they start taking it.
It is known that "Biseptol" shows a pronounced effect when infected with some microorganisms that are resistant to other drugs of the sulfanilamide class.
The maximum high level of concentration of the active compound in the circulatory system is fixed after a couple of hours from the time of use, lasts about seven hours. The components of "Biseptolum" are found in saliva, spinal fluid, various organs and tissues, including the prostate gland.
Is it an antibiotic?
Biseptol belongs to the number of antimicrobial agents, sulfonamides, but is not an antibiotic, although at a reasonable dosage it leads to the death of the infectious agent. This is due to inhibition of chemical reactions of folic acid production, that is, cells of the microorganism cannot divide. The tool has a bactericidal effect. Due to its pronounced effect, but a mild effect on the body, Biseptol is widely used to treat individuals of various age categories.
Biseptolum and cystitis
Some time ago, it was Biseptolum that was considered the most common and effective remedy for cystitis, but now many pathological life forms have acquired resistance to it, which significantly limits the possibilities for use. If cystitis is established, and the tests show the sensitivity of the infectious agent to the components of the drug, then you can take Biseptol according to the following scheme: twice a day for a pair of maximum dosage tablets. The duration of the program is from five days to twice as long.
Before starting treatment, you must pass urine samples for sowing. The result of the study will be ready on the fourth day. It is unacceptable to use Biseptol alone - this can lead to the development of superinfection that is resistant to the drug.
Is there an alternative?
"Biseptolum" can be replaced by:
- Doctonil.
- "Oribact".
- Bacteduct.
A good reputation is different for the medicines "Trimosul", "Bactrim", "Oriprim". In some cases, the doctor may recommend stopping on the drug "Septocide".
If it is impossible to purchase Biseptolum, it is necessary to warn the attending physician about this. The written-out composition should be replaced in consultation with a specialist, otherwise an alternative option may be ineffective in a particular disease.
Medicine and History
The key difference between Biseptol and antibiotics is the mechanism of influence on the pathological form of life. An antibiotic kills a harmful cell or slows down reproduction, growth. Biseptolum and other drugs from the class of sulfanilamides cannot do this, but penetrate the cell structure, disrupting metabolism, thereby interfering with vital functions.
It is sulfonamides - the first in the history of modern medicine, systemic medicines to combat pathological microbes. The experience of their use is more than 80 years, and for the first time, the antimicrobial activity of the substance pronosil was revealed even earlier - in 1934. He became the first synthetic antimicrobial compound in the history of mankind. Such a long experience of use provoked the addiction of pathological strains to sulfonamides. As an alternative, combined formulations have been developed in which sulfonamides are adjacent to trimethoprim.
“Biseptol” is based on Co-trimoxazole, which is considered a life-threatening compound, leading in the number of side effects. Danish scientists have found that the drug inhibits the hematopoietic function of the body, because under the influence of the active components, the bone marrow cannot form granulocytes. Uncontrolled, unjustified, too long use of "Biseptolum" is associated with an increased likelihood of aplastic anemia. Without adequate qualified help, a fatal outcome is possible in just a couple of months. Aplastic anemia leads to cerebral atrophy. Currently, it is considered one of the most dangerous conditions - along with malignant neoplasms.
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Strongly do not combine "Biseptolum" and alcohol. With the simultaneous use of medication and alcohol in food, the likelihood of seizures and increased pressure is high. Patients suffer from severe suffocating cough, fever. With a combination of alcohol and Biseptol, the likelihood of an allergic response to the body increases. Doctors pay attention: in the future, allergies can occur even when using the drug without alcohol.
The most severe consequence of the combination of alcohol and Biseptolum is cerebral ischemia, which can cause death.
Analogs: "Co-trimoxazole"
The drug, like the previously described Biseptolum, is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, belongs to the group of antibacterial sulfonamides. The combined composition provides the drug with a wide spectrum of action. The chemical reactions proceeding under its influence are similar to those described above - biochemistry is inhibited, and reactions of folate production in the cell of a pathological microbe.
Like Biseptolum, Co-trimoxazole is more than affordable. For packing tablets, they ask 30-50 rubles, ampoules will cost a little more. Is it possible to replace one composition with another (for example, due to the lack of prescription in a pharmacy), you should immediately clarify at the doctor’s appointment.