Bone osteoma is a benign neoplasm of the skeleton. It is usually diagnosed in children, sometimes accidentally detected during x-ray examination.
What causes bone osteoma?
Most often, cases of multiple exostoses are a hereditary manifestation. The probability of getting such a disease by inheritance is about 50%. Trauma is also considered to be provocateurs of the disease, all kinds of thinnesses, often the osteoma of the parietal bone is provoked by syphilis, rheumatism and gout can also accompany the disease.
What is bone osteoma?
The disease comes in three varieties:
- Solid osteoma. It consists of a dense substance located parallel and concentric plates on the surface. It is more common on the bones of the pelvis, face, skull.
- Spongy.
- Cerebral, having cavities filled with bone marrow.
There is another division according to Vikhrov. Bone osteoma according to this technique is divided into hyperplastic (develop from the bone system) and heteroplastic formations (arise from the connective tissues of various organs).
Bone osteoma: symptoms
This disease is rare, usually develops in men and in adolescence. The process of education itself is very slow and often painless. Can an osteoma degenerate into cancer? Science does not know such cases. Neoplasms are usually located on the outer surface of the bones. Favorite place of localization - flat cranial bones, the walls of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, the humerus and femur.
On the outer plate of the bones of the skull, the osteoma looks like a dense, immovable, painless neoplasm with a smooth surface. With this arrangement, it is able to provoke headaches, epilepsy seizures, memory disorders, increase intracranial pressure.
Hormonal disorders of the osteoma can provoke, if located in the Turkish saddle.
Localization in the nose can cause various eye diseases: visual acuity, exophthalmos, anisocoria, ptosis, diplopia. And if it reaches a large size and is located next to the nerve root, penetrates the arch or the process of the vertebra, symptoms of a squeezed spinal cord and deformation of the spine itself can occur.
Diagnosis of the disease
The diagnosis is made after clinical and radiological studies. The course of the disease and x-ray picture allows you to determine the chronic form of the disease or osteogenic sarcoma.
Bone osteoma: treatment
This disease is treated only with a surgeon's scalpel. An operation is prescribed either according to indications or to eliminate a cosmetic defect. Together with the removal of the tumor, a resection of the underlying plate of the unaffected bone is performed.
If there is no obvious symptomatology, the patient makes no complaints, only a dynamic observation is performed. The prognosis for the diagnosis of osteoma in children is positive.