Intraocular is called the pressure that occurs between the shell of the eyeball and its contents. This term most often refers to the feeling of fullness in the organs of vision and heaviness in them. With the prolonged preservation of such a state, we can talk about the occurrence of such a pathology as glaucoma. It causes increased intraocular pressure.
One of the most negative effects of glaucoma is blindness. In this regard, it is so important at the first sign of an ailment to seek the advice of an ophthalmologist.
Symptoms
As you can see, glaucoma can occur for various reasons. That is why every person should know the symptoms of pathology in order to recognize it in time.
Unfortunately, in the early stages, this insidious disease may not manifest itself at all. It happens that a person for a long period does not feel the slightest discomfort. And this happens until the disease causes serious damage.
Most people who experience eye irritation, dryness and redness think these are just signs of fatigue. In this regard, they do not take any measures to rectify the situation.
Some people have eye pain. They begin to get tired very quickly. Significant discomfort appears and the head begins to hurt. Eyes often turn red. However, the patient still considers this to be nothing more than a sign of fatigue.
With the progression of the disease, more serious troubles arise. Pain in a person's head becomes like a migraine. Serious visual impairment occurs. Especially badly a person begins to distinguish objects in the dark. Circles often appear before the eyes and flies “fly”. There is a deterioration in lateral vision. All these are signs that intraocular pressure (symptoms) is increased, and treatment should be started immediately. After all, this condition often causes acute attacks. A person has an acute pain in the head and eye, nausea comes up.
Diagnostics
If all the signs indicate that intraocular pressure (symptoms) is increased, and treatment is started immediately, then in order to effectively resolve the problem, the specialist must establish the causes of the pathology.
An ophthalmologist is involved in the diagnosis of the disease. However, the patient will need to go to an appointment with other specialists. This will help to eliminate such causes of glaucoma caused by pathology of internal organs.
Eye Drop Prescription
They relieve the patient of glaucoma by various methods. Their choice will depend on the stage of the disease. In the absence of disturbances in the functioning of the eye, the simplest means are prescribed. They include:
- regular gymnastics of the organs of vision;
- moisturizing the eyes with special drops;
- wearing safety glasses;
- limitation of time spent on TV and computer;
- refusal of activities related to constant eye strain;
- the exclusion of practicing such a sport in which there is a high probability of injury to the organs of vision.
Light gymnastic exercises and walks made in the fresh air will have a positive effect on the condition of the eyes.
In addition to these methods, treatment may consist of taking medication and lifestyle changes. The specialist prescribes special anti-glaucoma drops. Thanks to them, beneficial substances enter the organs of vision, and fluid outflows.
According to patients, eye drops from glaucoma and eye pressure are of great help in the early stages of treatment of pathology. There are a lot of such drugs. However, buying them yourself is not recommended. Self-medication can only exacerbate the disease. That is why the appointment should contact an ophthalmologist.
Existing drugs
Eye drops from glaucoma and eye pressure are designed to eliminate the symptoms of glaucoma. At the same time, the currently existing drugs achieve their goal in various ways. According to the mechanism of exposure, they are divided into three groups. The first of them includes drops that normalize the pressure in the organs of vision due to the outflow of fluid and improve blood flow. This group of drugs is also called myotics. It includes several more varieties of eye drops, which differ in their pharmacological action.
The following are agents that reduce intraocular pressure while reducing fluid production.
The third group includes drugs that have a combined effect. They not only reduce fluid production, but also improve its outflow.
Such drugs include glaucoma medications such as Fotil, Proxophylline, Xalacom, and Cosopt.
DuoTrav
These eye drops belong to the group of myotics. They are a drug that is specifically designed to treat glaucoma.
What active substances are included in the DuoTrav product (eye drops)? Instructions for its use introduce the composition of this miotic. Its main active ingredients are timolol, as well as travoprost. Thanks to the first component in the eyes, the production of aqueous humor decreases and its outflow increases. All this leads to a decrease in intraocular pressure.
The second substance - travoprost - is a synthetic component. Due to its effect on the organs of vision, an outflow of moisture also occurs and the internal pressure of the eye is actively reduced. However, grass synthesis does not affect synthesis.
After what period of time does the drug DuoTrav (eye drops) begin to act? The instruction warns that the effect of the use of the drug occurs by the end of the 2nd hour after its use. The maximum effect of the drop begins to have approximately twelve hours.
How many active substances does the composition of the drug “DuoTrav” (eye drops) have? The instruction indicates that 1 ml of the product includes 40 micrograms of travoprost and 5 mg of timolol. In addition, some auxiliary substances are in the composition of eye drops, namely:
- E 421 (beckons);
- polyquad;
- boric acid;
- propylene glycol;
- sodium chloride;
- Castor oil;
- sodium hydroxide;
- purified water.
Dosage form and packaging
The drug is an eye drop, which belongs to the pharmacological group "Antiglaucoma preparations and miotic agents."
A clear, colorless solution is packaged in plastic dropper bottles with a volume of 2.5 ml.
Indications for use
Who is prescribed the drug "DuoTrav" (eye drops)? Instructions for use of the product indicate that it is recommended for people suffering from IOP (intraocular pressure). It is also indicated for adult patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma, who, judging by the reviews, did not get the desired effect when treated with prostaglandin analogues or beta-blockers
Contraindications
Eye drops "DuoTrav" are not used if the patient has:
- bronchial asthma;
- sinus baricardia;
- heart block;
- a severe form of obstructive pulmonary pathology, which has assumed a chronic form;
- corneal dystrophy;
- chronic heart failure in the stage of decompensation;
- pregnancy;
- lactation;
- cardiogenic shock;
- severe allergic rhinitis.
Drops are contraindicated in children, adolescents, as well as persons with hypersensitivity to the drug.
Pharmacokinetics
The drug "DuoTrav" allows you to normalize increased intraocular pressure. How does its effect on the body? When absorbed through the cornea of a herbal prostate ester, which is essentially a prodrug, this substance undergoes a hydrodization process. As a result, an active form of the component, the acid, acts on the body.
When conducting clinical studies revealed that the drug has a low severity systemic effect. So, in two of the three people examined, the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood plasma was less than 0.01 ng / ml. Moreover, this drug content was observed only half an hour after its administration. And only in one of the three examined patients did this value reach 0.052 ng / ml.
The half-life of the solution from the blood plasma lasts approximately 45 minutes. And after just one hour, grass growth cannot be determined by laboratory methods available to researchers.
Also, according to clinical trials, the concentration of the active substance of the drug in blood plasma between the first and seventh day of the course does not have any differences. This indicates the absence of tangible cumulation and the rapid achievement of the required dose. The metabolism of the drug occurs to inactive elements, which are excreted, as a rule, by the kidneys, as well as in the composition of bile.
Dosage
How to instill eyes with DuoTrav adult patients, including the elderly? The dosage for such patients is equal to one drop of the drug, which should fall into the conjunctival sac of the eye affected by glaucoma. The procedure is carried out once a day in the morning or in the evening. It is only worth remembering that the use of the drug should occur at the same time. If the procedure was skipped, doubling the dosage the next day is not required.
Treatment of the affected eye should be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions. Do not use a dosage of more than one drop.
How to bury eyes with a drug if there are impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver? Such patients do not need to adjust the amount of funds.
Overdose
If more than one drop gets into the conjunctival sac, rinse your eyes with water immediately. According to some patients, in such cases they had to suffer from eye irritation, baricardia, lowering blood pressure, hyperemia of the organs of vision and other side effects. Symptomatic treatment will be required.
Mode of application
To prepare the drug for the procedure, remove the protective packaging from the vial. To prevent infection of the solution and the tip of the dropper, care must be taken not to touch the tip of the bottle with any surfaces.
Before the procedure, you will need to remove the protective ring. It is located on the bottle and is designed to control the first opening.
After instillation of the drug, you need to close the eyelids for a couple of minutes or click on the area of the nasolacrimal opening. Such actions will reduce systemic side effects and increase the local activity of the drug.
In the case when an ophthalmologist, in addition to the drug “DuoTrav”, prescribed other eye drops, a break in their use should not be less than 5 minutes.
Before using the product, the patient must remove his contact lenses and put them on only fifteen minutes after the procedure.
Adverse reactions
Instructions for use of the drug "DuoTrav" indicates the likelihood of negative reactions of the body, which may be:
- hyperemia of the eyes;
- point keratitis;
- blurred vision;
- dry eyes;
- photophobia;
- eye irritation;
- visual impairment;
- erythema of the eyelids;
- increased lacrimation;
- swelling of the eyelids;
- increased eyelash growth.
Extraocular side effects may result in angina pectoris and chest pain, depression and disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, deterioration of the prostate gland and headaches, urinary incontinence and sinusitis.
Similar adverse reactions are noted in 1-5 patients out of 100.
Drug cost
Of course, DuoTrav is a very effective drug for glaucoma. The price for it, however, will not suit all consumers. In Russian pharmacies, these drops are sold from 700 to 800 rubles per bottle. In this regard, people who have increased intraocular pressure do not seek to acquire DuoTrav. The analogs of these eye drops are distinguished by a more reasonable price. In the list of cheaper, but at the same time, judging by the reviews of patients, quite effective drugs, are the following:
- "Timolol";
- "Azopt";
- "Cossopt";
- "Travatan";
- "Xalatan";
- "Okamed";
- "Fotil."
However, it is worth remembering that the doctor prescribes DuoTrav, and only he can recommend a cheaper analogue to the patient, which will just as effectively fight the disease as this miotic. It is not recommended to independently change the drugs included in the course of treatment.