The thyroid gland is in front of the trachea and in a healthy state is almost invisible on the neck. It consists of two halves and is very similar in shape to a butterfly. In the people, this gland is usually called the thyroid gland. It is an important part of the endocrine system and affects almost all organs and systems of the human body.
The thyroid gland produces two types of thyroid hormones - T3 and T4, which allow you to maintain youth not only of the skin, but also of blood vessels, heart. In addition, they regulate weight, allow you to maintain a clear mind for a long time, have a positive effect on the reproductive function of the body. From this it should be concluded that it is necessary to maintain the thyroid gland in good working condition and not allow various adverse factors to disrupt its work. It should be noted that in women various diseases of this important element of the endocrine system are found about 10 times more often than in men.
If you have a sick thyroid, the symptoms, treatment, diagnosis and prognosis are very specific and depend on the general condition of the body, its ability to withstand various infections and adverse factors. There are more than a dozen diseases that affect this vital organ. Among them: bazedova disease, adenoma and cancer, thyroiditis, myxedema and others.
Scientists around the world are studying the thyroid gland, but so far it is not possible to unravel the etiological factors of the occurrence of its diseases. Although it is known that hereditary factors play a significant role in such a process. The state of the thyroid gland is adversely affected by iodine deficiency, often stressful situations, alcohol abuse, sleep disturbances, the presence of untreated infections and many other factors.
Depending on which disease the thyroid gland is affected, the symptoms appear in different ways. If excessive production of thyroid hormones is observed, the metabolism also increases, as a result, the patient rapidly loses weight and he has Bazedova’s disease (toxic goiter). This disease contributes to the development of serious diseases such as diabetes mellitus, acute heart failure, the liver, mammary glands can be affected, the menstrual cycle is disturbed. If the development of the disease proceeds as described above, then the sick thyroid symptoms manifest as follows: fatigue with increased excitability, a feeling of weakness, trembling throughout the body, shortness of breath and palpitations even with the smallest physical exertion, fever, emotional instability, which manifested by causeless touchiness and tearfulness.
Hypetereosis is a disease in which hormone production is insufficient. In this case, the affected thyroid symptoms manifest in a slightly different way. The patient has an increase in weight, with a significant decrease or even loss of appetite, swelling in many parts of the body, impaired clarity of speech and a decrease in mental abilities. The skin becomes dry and acquires a jaundice, possibly hair loss, muscle pain and other manifestations.
As a rule, for any pathology of the thyroid gland, an increase or decrease in its size occurs, various nodules or tumors appear, and its consistency changes. Significantly enlarged thyroid symptoms have the following: squeezing nearby tissues, as well as the esophagus, trachea, nerves and blood vessels of the neck. As a result, a compression syndrome may develop in which difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, hoarseness of the voice, and a sensation of a foreign object in the neck are observed. In some cases, that the thyroid gland is affected, symptoms are indicated by enlarged lymph nodes. But sometimes this symptom indicates the development of metastases of a malignant tumor.
To prevent the development of any pathology in the thyroid gland, you should regularly undergo examinations by an endocrinologist, which will allow you to feel young and efficient for many years.