How to determine which kidney stone? In the process of developing kidney stone disease, various types of stones can form. Only after a thorough medical examination, the attending physician will be able to determine the specific type of deposits. First you need to find out what are the main varieties of kidney stones and how they differ.
Causes of occurrence
Regardless of the type of stones, there are several reasons based on which salts (oxalates) in the urine may occur. Namely:
- insufficient water intake;
- impaired metabolism - under such conditions, the level of salt crystals in urine increases;
- infectious diseases of the genitourinary system;
- consequences of the diet;
- insufficient amount of elements in the urine that keep the salt in a soluble state.
If one of the signs of the disease appears, it is important to immediately consult a doctor and make a thorough medical diagnosis. Self-medication can provoke the development of serious complications.
How are they formed?
Due to the excessive intake of salts in the human body, the concentration of ions in the urine may increase. Under such conditions, urolithiasis develops. Due to the deficiency of citrate and pyrophosphate in urine, the salt becomes insoluble and crystallizes.
Urate in urine - what does it mean? This is a clear sign of the development of the disease. How are calculi formed? A salt crystal or blood clot becomes the basis around which a stone begins to form, reaching large sizes. Only after a thorough examination of the patient and passing all the necessary laboratory tests, the medical worker can make an accurate diagnosis and determine the type of stones. Self-medication is prohibited. This can only exacerbate the problem.
Varieties
How to determine which kidney stone? Stones are single and multiple, single and double-sided. They are located in the kidney, ureter or bladder. They have a rounded, flat or sharp edge. Stones can be of different sizes - from a pin head to a chicken egg. Such deposits are classified by chemical composition:
- In urates, there is a salt of uric acid.
- In oxalates, a salt of oxalic acid.
- In phosphates - apatite, carbonate, carbonic apatite.
- In struvites - magnesia, ammonium phosphate.
- In protein stones - fibrin clots with an admixture of microorganisms and salts.
Urate in urine - what does it mean? This is a clear sign of urolithiasis. Under such conditions, it is important to visit a doctor.
In frequent cases, protein deposits are small in size, but are visible during radiography. Cholesterol stones can be black. They have a soft structure and crumble easily. In the process of radiography, they are not visible. At home, it is impossible to determine the type of neoplasm in the kidneys, since this requires a thorough medical examination. Often, patients are diagnosed with oxalate kidney stones. Their dissolution is carried out only using the surgical method of therapy. Doctors say that this type of calculus occurs most often. With such a diagnosis, it is important to carry out therapy in a timely manner, since they grow rapidly. Sharp edges can damage the mucous membrane of the bladder, therefore self-medication is prohibited.
Features of Urata
Before you determine which stone in the kidneys, you should familiarize yourself with the main types. Urates have a smooth surface and yellow-orange or brick color. An X-ray examination will not help to detect the presence of stones, but with the help of ultrasound it is possible to determine their presence or absence. Stones form if urine contains a large amount of uric acid. With the development of a disease of the digestive system, urate stones are often formed. Thanks to conservative treatment, the disease can be eliminated. During therapy, you must follow a diet and drink plenty of fluids per day. With timely access to a doctor, you can do without surgical intervention. The treatment regimen is selected by the doctor depending on the specific clinical picture. If a specialist identifies large urate stones, then medications will not help solve the problem.
Characterization of oxalates
If one of the symptoms of urolithiasis appears, a doctor should be visited. A timely visit to a doctor will help prevent the development of the disease. Oxalates have a dense structure and sharp edges, grayish or black. Oxalate kidney stones are clearly visible on x-rays. Their dissolution is impossible. Stones can be found in urine. With the help of diets and preparations of magnesium and vitamin B 6 , a preventive measure of relapse is carried out. Oxalate stones cannot dissolve. Formed with pyridoxine deficiency and diseases of the large intestine.
How to determine which kidney stone? This is often asked by patients, but not everyone knows that only after a medical examination the doctor will make a diagnosis.
Struvite Stones
They have a smooth or slightly rough soft surface and tend to grow quickly. Dissolve such a stone is almost impossible. Formed by:
- obstructed outflow of urine;
- urinary tract infections;
- sharply alkaline reaction of urine.
Quite often, against the background of stagnation of urine and infection, diabetes mellitus occurs. If the patient has paralysis with pelvic disorder after injury, then he falls into the risk group for urolithiasis. Under such conditions, doctors recommend regular medical diagnostics and take all the necessary tests that will help prevent the development of the disease.
Cystine stones
They have a yellow-white color and dense structure. It is not always possible to find such stones in a survey picture. To dissolve calculus, alkaline drinking is recommended. Only a doctor should prescribe a treatment regimen, otherwise health problems may occur.
Kidney citrate
Quite often, such stones are formed due to a genetic predisposition to such a pathological condition in which the reabsorption of cysteine in the renal canals is sharply reduced. This is a hereditary disease that can manifest itself at a young age and even in babies. Doctors recommend visiting a doctor regularly. This will help prevent the occurrence of the disease.
Xanthine stones
During the development of urolithiasis, the patient experiences severe pain in the lumbar region, blood appears in the urine, and the urination process is disturbed. Due to a genetic defect that leads to xanthine oxidase deficiency, a disease develops in which stones form. Such an ailment can be identified already at the initial stage of development. With the help of ultrasound, the doctor reveals the presence or absence of pathology. Conservative treatment will not help solve the problem. The clinical manifestation of urolithiasis does not depend on the chemical composition of the stones. Only with the help of laboratory diagnostics can this parameter be clarified. If one of the signs of the disease appears, it is important to immediately consult a doctor and carry out a thorough medical examination. Based on the diagnostic results obtained, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment. If necessary, surgical manipulation will be carried out.
Which doctors should I contact? Nephrologist treats urolithiasis. A physician should also be visited. Ultrasound of the kidneys and urinalysis are mandatory. These types of studies will help identify the disease.
The use of lithotripsy in the treatment of the disease
Why is laser stone crushing of kidney stones so popular? Thanks to lithotripsy, you can get rid of kidney stones - this is a modern treatment method, which is based on endoscopy and laser therapy. There are several advantages of such a procedure, namely:
- lack of pain during the manipulation;
- no need to anesthetize;
- relieves inflammation;
- eliminates pain;
- It is possible to remove large stones;
- to improve the general well-being of the patient, one procedure is enough;
- high efficiency.
Laser stones are crushed in the kidneys when:
- non-stopping renal colic - often recurring and not amenable to elimination;
- the presence of a variety of stones up to 2 cm, which can not go out on their own because of the large size.
Before the procedure, it is important:
- donate blood for glucose;
- perform urography and CTG;
- examine blood for syphilis.
To achieve the maximum positive result after such treatment, it is important to properly prepare for the operation. If the patient has an infectious and inflammatory process, then it is necessary to carry out therapy with an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drug. Only then can lithotripsy be performed.
Procedure
The procedure includes several stages, namely:
- The doctor inserts an endoscope through the urethra.
- When the device is located near stones, the specialist turns on the laser.
- Due to the laser action, liquid substance is evaporated from the stone, which leads to its destruction.
- Stone calculus scattered on the sand leaves the kidneys naturally.
Using a holmium laser, a procedure is performed. Under the influence of a concentrated light beam, stones are destroyed. In the process, the adjacent tissue is not affected. The duration of the manipulation does not exceed 50 minutes. After the operation, urination may become more frequent, which is the norm. After a few days, the unpleasant symptoms will disappear. If after the procedure the general state of health worsens, and frequent urination worries more than 4 days, it is important to seek the advice of a specialist. It is forbidden to engage in self-medication at home, as this can provoke the development of health problems.
What is saline diathesis?
Experts say that such a disease has a hereditary etiology, so the disease can be detected even in a small child. Saline diathesis of the kidneys. What it is? Such a disease is dangerous because at the initial stage of its development there may be no symptoms, therefore doctors advise regular medical examinations in order to prevent the development of the disease. Most often, sand is formed when the urinary system ceases to function fully. Under such conditions, severe inflammation of the bladder mucosa may occur. If urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis occurs, it is important to visit a doctor immediately. If, according to the results of ultrasound, the doctor revealed a separate calculus, this does not indicate that pathology is present. If the analysis of urine shows that it is highly concentrated for a long time, then eventually grains of sand form, and then stones.
Saline diathesis of the kidneys. What is this and why is the diagnosis dangerous? Urolithiasis often develops due to advanced salt diathesis. Therefore, it is important to treat the disease in a timely manner.
What are the symptoms of salt diathesis?
There are several symptoms from which the disease can be detected. These include:
- dark shade of urine;
- frequent desire to empty the bladder;
- discomfort while going to the toilet;
- an admixture of blood in the urine;
- severe lower back pain;
- heat;
- feeling of nausea and vomiting;
- the occurrence of edema.
In the presence of salts of oxalates in the urine, signs of the disease do not always appear. Doctors recommend regularly taking tests and an examination by a doctor. This is the best prevention of ailments.
How is salt removed from the body?
Thanks to proper nutrition, the development of urolithiasis can be prevented. But what if the pathology is already detected? Under such conditions, it is important to "flush" the kidneys. Depending on the type of kidney stones, the doctor prescribes medications. Using the drug method or folk remedies, you can remove salts from the body. With the use of "Cyston" and "Fitolizin" the patient is treated. It is forbidden to take painkillers that have a diuretic effect, since blockage of the urinary tract may occur. In the process of treating urolithiasis, experts often prescribe alternative methods of therapy based on sorrel, birch buds, and corn stigmas. In some cases, the problem is solved surgically. This type of therapy is used only if the pathology is too advanced.
How to eat with phosphate calculi in the kidneys?
What is the diet for phosphate stones? In the process of treating the disease, it is important to follow a diet. Approved products include:
- meat;
- fish
- butter;
- cabbage;
- some cereals;
- apples
- berries;
- cottage cheese;
- sour cream;
- pasta;
- buckwheat;
- oatmeal;
- corn porridge.
Foods should be eaten in moderation - often in small quantities. After eating hard cheese, liver, eggs, chicken, beans and nuts, cocoa, smoked and fatty foods, concentrated broth, overall health may worsen, so these foods are best excluded from your diet. Narzan is a recommended water that promotes acidification of urine. Sour compote and fruit drink will improve the overall well-being of the patient. A more detailed menu can be checked with your doctor.
Note to patient
How to determine the composition of kidney stones? Only after a thorough medical diagnosis can a doctor determine the type of stone. If the stones are small, then the treatment is much faster and more effective. Thanks to the laser technique, it is possible to restore the patient’s health as soon as possible. Self-medication is not recommended, as this can only exacerbate the problem. Nowadays, crushing kidney stones by ultrasound is popular. The cost of the procedure is 5-15 thousand rubles.