The list of kidney diseases combines an extensive group of pathological processes that result in the defeat of this organ. They can be caused by various reasons, including metabolic disorders and volume formations. After reading this article, you will learn about the main causes and methods of treatment.
How are kidney diseases in humans?
The symptoms that accompany these pathological processes are largely similar to each other. Of course, each of them has its own characteristic features. But in general, there are several that are characteristic of all diseases of this organ. Usually they are accompanied by:
- swelling;
- a decrease in the amount of urine and a change in its color;
- renal colic;
- pain in the lumbar region;
- high blood pressure;
- pathological increase in diuresis.
In addition, the patient may experience complaints of chills, fever, loss of appetite, drowsiness, and rapid fatigue. In some cases, the appearance of blood in the urine.
The most common diagnostic methods
The list of kidney diseases in humans is quite wide. To establish the correct diagnosis, doctors recommend that the patient undergo a comprehensive examination, consisting of laboratory diagnostics, vascular dopplerography and ultrasound. In addition, nephroscintigraphy, angiography, biopsy, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be prescribed to the patient for clarification.
Human Kidney Disease : Treatment
Of course, each pathology is treated in its own way. General recommendations can be reduced to the fact that in practice there are several main areas of conservative therapy, including the use of hormonal, antispasmodic, painkillers, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs. In addition, hemodialysis and surgery are included in the course of treatment.
Kidney cyst
This neoplasm is a bubble inside which is a liquid. As a rule, it turns out to be benign, and a person can continue to lead a familiar lifestyle. But in any case, this ailment, which has added to the list of kidney diseases, should be the reason for a detailed medical examination.
Most often, the cyst is detected using MRI, ultrasound and other diagnostic methods. It can be congenital, but sometimes appears as a result of obstruction in one part of the kidney. This kidney disease in humans (a photo of an organ can be seen in the article) has one characteristic symptom. It can be recognized by the appearance of discomfort in the abdomen, back or sides. In all other cases, the cyst does not manifest itself, so identifying it can be very problematic. Often the final diagnosis is made only after the death of the patient.
Pyelonephritis
The list of kidney diseases is replenished with another ailment of an infectious nature. Bacteria belonging to the genus of staphylococci or enterococci most often become its causative agent. Typically, pyelonephritis occurs against a background of various chronic diseases that weaken the defenses of the human body, and affects the renal pelvis.
The patient has complaints of severe pain in the lower back, frequent urination and fever. The stool becomes cloudy and begins to emit an unpleasant odor. In the absence of adequate therapy, purulent infection may join pyelonephritis, leading to activation of necrotic processes.
The treatment of this disease requires an integrated approach. As a rule, antibiotics, diuretics, antimicrobials, vitamins and restorative drugs are prescribed to the patient. In addition to this, folk remedies can be used, but before using them, you should consult your doctor.
Renal failure
This term refers to a pathological condition, accompanied by a complete or partial loss of the ability to form and excrete urine. The consequence of this ailment, which was included in the list of kidney diseases, is a serious violation of osmotic, acid-base and water-salt homeostasis.
Doctors distinguish acute and chronic forms of renal failure. In the first case, potentially reversible disorders of homeostatic function occur. The initial stage of the disease is asymptomatic. Treatment of acute renal failure is mainly aimed at eliminating the causes that provoked impaired renal function. To stimulate diuresis, the patient is prescribed osmotic drugs.
Diet Recommended for Sick Kidneys
Such patients need to choose the appropriate diet. Proper and well-balanced nutrition will help the body quickly overcome the disease. From the menu of people who are diagnosed with kidney problems, canned foods, legumes, smoked meats, carbonated drinks, as well as meat, mushroom and fish broths should be excluded.
With such diseases it is extremely important to maintain a constant weight. Therefore, it is recommended to diversify the menu with easily digestible proteins contained in lean meat, cottage cheese, eggs and milk. In the presence of chronic diseases, it is necessary to remove salt from the diet, since sodium is present in it. In addition, in this case, you should reduce the daily intake of protein. It should not exceed twenty-five grams.