Dicycloverin hydrochloride is classified as an antispasmodic that can block muscarinic receptors. It also has anticholinergic efficacy, has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle areas. Due to this, medications with it in the composition well remove renal, intestinal and biliary colic, significantly relieve pain during menstruation, are used in the development of spastic constipation, pylorospasm and irritable bowel syndrome.
Pharmacological properties of this substance
Dicycloverin hydrochloride has anticholinergic, myotropic, antispasmodic effects. It eliminates spasms of the smooth muscles of the digestive organs and reduces the pain syndrome caused by them. In scientific studies conducted on animals (in vitro studies using the isolated intestines of guinea pigs), it is shown that the effectiveness of the drug is mediated by two mechanisms:
- specific anticholinergic effects on acetylcholine receptors, similar to the effects of atropine (otherwise - antimuscarinic activity);
- a direct effect on smooth muscle structures, as evidenced by the ability of the main substance to block histamine- and bradykinin-induced spasms (atropine does not change the response to these agonists).
In in vivo tests on cats and dogs, dicycloverine was approximately equally effective in intestinal cramps induced by barium chloride and acetylcholine. It was also shown that there is no significant effect of dicycloverin on the pupils (in tests evaluating the mydriatic effect in mice, the activity is about 1/500 of the activity of atropine), on the work of the salivary glands (1/300 of atropine was shown in tests on rabbits).
Data on the potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the main substance of dicycloverin hydrochloride are not available. Long-term animal tests for carcinogenicity have not been conducted. In rat studies, when administered in doses up to 100 mg / kg, the substance did not adversely affect conception and reproduction.
Pharmacokinetics
Dicycloverin hydrochloride is well absorbed, easier and faster after administration intramuscularly (after 10 minutes) than after oral administration (after 60 minutes). The approximate half-life is 1.8 hours. It is excreted after 10 hours with urine (about 85%) and in small quantities with feces.
The composition and release form of this medicinal substance
As the instructions indicate, dicycloverine hydrochloride is produced in the form of a white crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless. The substance is readily soluble in water, chloroform, ethanol, slightly soluble in ether. The molecular weight of the substance is 345.97. In the form of an independent drug, it is not produced, but is part of such medicines as Trigan, Dolosp and others.
Not everyone knows that this is dicycloverin hydrochloride.
Indications for the appointment of drugs based on this substance
The list of main indications for the use of this pharmacological substance includes:
- spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs;
- hepatic, intestinal and renal colic;
- toothache, headache, migraine pain;
- algodismenorea;
- myalgia;
- neuralgia;
- infectious and inflammatory diseases that are accompanied by symptoms of fever.
Contraindications
Despite the widespread use of medications containing dicycloverin hydrochloride, you need to familiarize yourself with the instructions in the list, which lists the contraindications. These include the following pathological conditions:
- hypersensitivity;
- ulcerative colitis in severe forms (when prescribed in high dosages, the level of intestinal peristalsis may decrease, up to the formation of paralytic bowel obstruction; the use of a medication can contribute to the development or exacerbation of such a dangerous complication as toxic megacolon);
- obstructive pathologies of the digestive system, urinary and hepatic tracts;
- peptic ulcer;
- reflux esophagitis;
- instability of the state of the cardiovascular system;
- bleeding
- glaucoma and other ocular pathologies;
- myasthenia gravis;
- age less than 6 months.
With caution and under the supervision of a specialist, medications containing dicycloverin hydrochloride should be used in patients with impaired liver or kidney function, with concomitant therapy with other painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, with anticoagulants and drugs that have a direct effect on the central nervous system. When taking domperidone, metoclopramide, or colestyramine, you should also consult your doctor.
A detailed description of dicycloverin hydrochloride is given in the instructions.
Method of use and dosage
Medications based on this substance are prescribed for adults and children after 15 years, 1 tablet no more than 3 times a day. The maximum single dose is 2 tablets per day - 4 tablets. The duration of admission without consulting a specialist is no more than three days when prescribed in the form of anesthetic medicine and two days in the form of an antipyretic medicine. With prolonged use of such pharmacological preparations, it is necessary to monitor the picture of peripheral blood and the functional state of the liver.
It is not recommended to exceed the daily dosage. Its increase or longer use is possible only under the supervision of a doctor, since an overdose of the main active element can cause liver failure.
Side effects of the substance
Preparations containing dicycloverin hydrochloride can provoke some adverse reactions, which, however, are not always observed when using medications. Some of them can occur very rarely, but they have serious consequences. If such phenomena are detected, especially for a long time, you need to urgently visit a doctor.
Dicycloverin hydrochloride can provoke the following negative phenomena:
- dry mouth
- blurred vision;
- dizziness;
- nausea;
- increased drowsiness;
- general weakness;
- emotional lability, nervousness;
- violation of the stool (constipation);
- violation of taste;
- anorexia;
- increase in intraocular pressure;
- increased heart rate;
- allergic reactions;
- decreased sweating.
Overdose of Dicycloverine Hydrochloride
If you use medicines based on this active substance for a long time or with an increase in the recommended dosages, the development of overdose manifestations is possible. These symptoms include:
- headache;
- vomiting, nausea;
- prolonged blurred vision, dilated pupils;
- fever, dry skin;
- dizziness;
- difficulty swallowing;
- dry mouth
- CNS excitation.
In addition, a curariform effect is possible (neuromuscular blockade, which contributes to the development of muscle weakness and, in some cases, leads to paralysis).
Therapy of this pathological condition consists in the induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, intake of activated charcoal or other enterosorbents. To eliminate nervous excitement, medications with a sedative effect (benzodiazepines, short-acting barbiturates) are used. If there is evidence in the form of an antidote, appropriate cholinergic medicines can be used.
Drug interaction
The main effects of dicycloverin, including side effects, can enhance the effect of drugs with anticholinergic activity: group I antiarrhythmics (e.g. quinidine), antihistamines, antipsychotic drugs (e.g. phenothiazines), drugs that suppress monoamine oxidase, benzodiazepines, narcotic analgesics, nitrites and nitrates, tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetic drugs. Anticholinergic medicines can counteract the effects of antiglaucoma drugs. With increased intraocular pressure, anticholinergic medicines can be dangerous when used concomitantly with corticosteroids.
Anticholinergic medicines can affect the absorption processes in the digestive tract of digoxin and, as a result, increase the concentration of this substance in the blood. Anticholinergic drugs can counteract the effect of substances that alter the motor activity of the digestive system (metoclopramide). Antacids in some cases can affect the absorption of anticholinergics, so their combined use should be avoided. Inhibition of hydrochloric acid production by anticholinergic drugs counteracts the effect of substances that are used to test gastric secretion or to treat achlorhydria.
This is confirmed by the instructions for use with dicycloverine hydrochloride.
Special recommendations
When using these medications, it is recommended to refrain from dangerous varieties of professional and other activities that require increased concentration and speed of mental and motor reactions.
With prolonged treatment, it is necessary to monitor the properties of peripheral blood and the functionality of the liver.
What tablets include dicycloverin hydrochloride?
Medications and their analogues
This substance is available as the main active element in the following pharmacological preparations:
These medicines have a similar composition. There are also some analogues that are similar only in therapeutic effect. Their list includes:
- No-shpa;
- Drotaverinum;
- "Baralgin";
- Spazgan
- "Ketanov";
- Pentalgin;
- Tempalgin;
- Caffetine
- Avisan
- Bendazole
- Altaleks;
- Dibazole
- "Driptan";
- Halidor
- Duspatalin
- Librax
- "Dicetel";
- Kellin
- Niaspam
- Novitropan
- "Papaverine";
- "Platifillin";
- "Spazmol";
- "Spazmonet";
- "Spasmocystenal";
- "Cystenal";
- "Enablex".
Analogs to dicycloverine hydrochloride should be selected by a doctor.
It is necessary to use the main medications or replace them with analogs, taking into account the nature of the disease and first familiarizing yourself with the list of contraindications.
We examined what it is - dicycloverin hydrochloride.