Hemostatic drugs: list, names and methods of application

The ability of blood to coagulate prevents blood loss. This process functions due to the balance of coagulation and anticoagulation system. However, in some situations, the body of the individual can not cope, then hemostatic drugs, that is, hemostatic agents, come to his aid.

A bit of history

Ancient healers used medicinal plant materials as hemostatics - yarrow, shepherd’s bag, plantain, nettle and others.

A substance that interferes with blood coagulation, called heparin, was described in 1918. In 1931, the drug "Warfarin" was discovered, and already in 1976 - "Protein C", the main physiological anticoagulant. Thanks to the discovery and description of the mechanism of action of these substances, scientists began an active search and development of new hemostatic agents. Currently, the pharmaceutical market offers a large selection of these drugs.

Systematization of hemostatic agents

There are several classifications of hemostatic drugs.

According to the action, medicines are allocated:

• Resorptive - “Vikasol”, “Aminocaproic acid”, “Fibrinogen”. The drug begins to act when it is introduced into the blood.
• Local - "Adrenaline", "Thrombin", hydrogen peroxide, hemostatic pencils and a sponge. The effect occurs after contact with bleeding tissues.

The following drugs are distinguished by the effect on the mechanism of hemostasis:

• Non-specific - “Epinephrine”, hydrogen peroxide.
• Specific - "Erythropoietin", platelet-rich plasma.

According to another systematization, the following hemostatic drugs are distinguished:

• Direct coagulants - Fibrinogen, Thrombin, Emoclot, Oktanayt - and indirect action - Phytomenadion.
• Inhibitors of animal fibrinolysis - "Contrical", "Gordox", "Aprotinin" - and of synthetic origin - "Amben", "Aminocaproic acid."
• Platelet aggregation stimulants - “Calcium chloride”, “Serotonin adipate”.
• Medications that reduce vascular obstruction. Synthetic - Ethamsylate, Adroxon, vitamins - Rutin, Quercetin, as well as herbal products - nettle, arnica, water pepper.

Systemic (resorptive) drugs

Consider some hemostatics. The drugs in this group include:

• "Aminocaproic acid" is a systemically active fibrinolysis inhibitor that is administered intravenously to stop bleeding during placental abruption and surgical interventions. The drug inhibits fibrinolysis, which leads to a shift in equilibrium towards blood coagulation and the formation of fibrin.
• "Menadione sodium bisulfite" - a synthetic analogue of vitamin K helps to strengthen the blood coagulation process. The drug begins to act in twenty-four hours at any route of administration.

This fact should be considered when appointing it. Most often it is recommended for capillary bleeding, which develops against the background of hemorrhoids, cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis, as well as bleeding from the uterus.

• Fibrinogen is the first coagulation factor. Intravenous administration of it to the individual's body as a hemostatic drug increases the likelihood of its contact with thrombin. As a result of chemical reactions, fibrin forms and blood coagulates. Fibrinogen is indicated for large-scale blood loss, and in addition, for hypoafibrinogenemia.
• Hydrogen peroxide - copious foam formation helps more quickly stop bleeding.
• "Adrenaline hydrochloride" - used locally. For example, to stop nosebleeds. A swab moistened with the drug is injected into the nostril.
• Hemostatic sponge - used for bleeding abrasions, cuts, etc.

There are two types of this medical device: a sponge containing collagen (enhances platelet aggregation), and also containing thrombin, which enhances coagulation.

• Thrombin, a local hemostatic drug, is an IIa factor in blood coagulation. Blood clots form quite quickly, just fifteen to thirty seconds after contact with blood. It is used locally for small capillary loss of blood from the gums, oral cavity, in case of damage and operations on parenchymal organs.
• Hemostatic pencil - contains substances that help stop bleeding during cuts, abrasions and small wounds.

Actions of local hemostatic agents

Depending on the nature of the blood flow, as well as the features of the location of the wound on the body of an individual, local hemostatic agents are used:

• reduced oxidized cellulose;
• fibrin or synthetic glue;
• gelatin based products.

As already clear, the list of hemostatic drugs used in medical practice is quite wide, because they:

• reduce the amount of blood that is required for various manipulations;
• reduce the time for surgical interventions;
• are indispensable for complex procedures.

The list of medicines with local hemostatic effect

Let us consider in more detail some of them:

• "Spongostan" - absorbable hemostatic powder and sponge, the basis of which is gelatin. It is used in traumatology, orthopedics, pediatric, maxillofacial and nervous surgery, including on the spine and skull.
• "Starsil hemostat" - hemostatic powder is used in operations.
• "Sergiflo" is a foamy sterile matrix made from pork gelatin with thrombin. The advantage of this tool is the ability to apply using an applicator to hard to reach bleeding places. It is used in neuro-, ENT and general surgery, as well as gynecology, urology.
• Omnex is a synthetic surgical glue, indicated for sealing surgical sutures.
• "Sergisel" - is produced in several forms: a porous material that can take any form; dense weaving fabric that allows you to wrap and stitch bleeding organs, as well as in the form of a thin mesh, which is used for minimally invasive operations.
• "Ivisel" - fibrin glue is used as an additional method of hemostasis and sealing of the vascular suture.

List of hemostatic drugs for hemorrhoids

The following are medicines that have different dosage forms and have unequal hemostatic effect:

• "Vikasol."
• Natalsid.
• "Phlebodia."
• "Heparin."
• Pilex.
• Ascorutin.
• "Relief."
• "Hepatrombin."
• Hemoroidin.
• "Diosmin";
• Natalsid.
• Suppositories with methyluracil, adrenaline.

Conclusion

You got acquainted with some common names of hemostatic drugs by reading the article.

Any bleeding is dangerous to the life of the individual and their appearance requires immediate assistance. It is important to remember that these drugs are contraindicated for ulcerative lesions and erosion of the gastrointestinal tract, hypertension, thrombosis, severe forms of angina pectoris.